PURPOSE: This study was conducted to synthesis the results of research on relationships of cognitive impairment with multi-dimensional correlates of rheumatic disease through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS: For the study purpose, 23 studies were selected through a systematic process of searching the literature. RESULTS: The study results showed that among general characteristics, age and education were the variables having a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Among health risk factors, obesity appeared to have a significant positive relationship with cognitive impairment. For past history, diabetes and hypertension were shown to have a significant positive relationship with cognitive impairment. It was noted also that aPL, one of the physiological factor, had significant association with cognitive impairment. None of the medication related factors had a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Results showed that among disease related factors, disease activity had the highest relationship with cognitive impairment. Depression, among psychological factors, was the only variable having a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the variables strongly impacting on cognitive impairment in rheumatic disease are depression and disease activity.
Anxiety ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders/complications/*pathology ; Databases, Factual ; Depression/complications ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; Obesity/complications ; Rheumatic Diseases/complications/*pathology ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing meal satisfaction in older adults. METHODS: Authors searched four databases Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed using the following key search terms: “(elderly-mp. OR aged), AND (meal OR food OR eating OR feeding), AND satisfaction.” Only articles published between January 1946 and May 2018 were considered. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were adopted for quality assessment. The authors ultimately selected 7 of 1,695 references for review and meta-analysis. RESULTS: A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the factors influencing meal satisfaction in older adults aged more than 60 years. The results showed that meal satisfaction was low when age increased and the individual was served frozen meals. Satisfaction with meals was high when food choices were available and individuals were served high-quality food and when the food smelled and tasted good or was personally tailored. Satisfaction was also high when individuals ate with their families. Moreover, meal satisfaction seemed to be influenced by physical health, whereas it did not show a significant correlation with mental health. CONCLUSION: Intending to improve the quality of life of older adults by increasing their meal satisfaction, the authors pointed out factors that institutions should attend to when providing meals to older adults. To contribute to the lack of any existing conceptual and theoretical framework in this field, further steps to be taken by the authors shall involve concept analysis that would assist in building a conceptual framework.
Adult ; Eating ; Humans ; Meals ; Mental Health ; Personal Satisfaction ; Quality of Life ; Smell

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of awareness toward disabled persons among nursing students and to identify associating factors for their awareness of disabled persons. METHOD: 410 nursing students completed the survey on the awareness and frequency of contacts toward disabled persons, self-efficacy, and clinical practice satisfaction. RESULTS: The scores in awareness, contact, clinical practice satisfaction was 50.53+/-7.53, 52.41+/-10.61, 79.21+/-10.88 and 67.04+/-9.47, respectively, indicating. Awareness of disabled persons had significant positive correlations with frequency of contact (p<.001), satisfaction with nursing major (p=.045), satisfaction with clinical practice (p<.001) and self-efficacy (p=.029). CONCLUSION: To improve awareness of disability, we need to improve student's satisfaction with nursing major and clinical practice by modifying the curriculum. Thereby awareness toward disabled and the weak can improve naturally.
Curriculum ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Personal Satisfaction ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The safety and effectiveness of inhalation sedation, a technique that enables sedation using the inhalation of an anesthetic in an out-of-theater environment was evaluated in this study.METHODS: Electronic literature databases were used to identify the safety assessments and the tests for efficacy of inhalation sedation. Data was retrieved from 1980 to 2017. Safety assessment was based on identifying complications encountered during treatment, and included assessment of the concentration of inhalation anesthetic in the air, gaseous exposure, cardiac index and blood test results, and effectiveness was based on the depth of sedation, degree of pain experienced by the patient, and medical outcomes.RESULTS: The safety of inhalation sedation was similar to intravenous sedation. However, inhalation sedation should be used with caution as repetitive interventions increased liver toxicity, as indicated by the Gasification Force Test Inhalation sedation was clinically effective, and demonstrated a similar depth of sedation, with equally effective pain relief compared with intravenous sedation. In addition, the time taken for cannula removal, and for recovery were typically faster.CONCLUSION: Inhalation sedation was safe and effective and provided similar results to intravenous sedation. However, physicians should be aware that when using inhaled anesthetics, hepatotoxicity has been reported so liver function should be carefully monitored.
Anesthetics ; Catheters ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Inhalation ; Liver

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the recovery state of 6 month between s-ICH and s-SAH patients. The patients' recovery state was measured with 2 dimensions: functional and cognitive. METHODS: Non-experimental prospective design was adopted by including 108 hemorrhagic stroke patients(s-ICH: 52 vs s-SAH: 56) admitted to Intensive Care Unit of one university hospital. RESULTS: The study results showed that overall functional recovery state of s-SAH patients was better than that of s-ICH patients, and s-SAH patients also showed better recovery states in all of the sub-dimensions of functional recovery, such as feeding, grooming, and toileting, than those of s-ICH in 6 month. On the contrary, the study results showed that overall cognitive recovery states of 6 month between two groups were not significantly different. However, according to the results comparing the sub-dimensions of cognitive recovery, s-SAH patients' recovery states on attention, communication and memory were significantly better than those of s-ICH patients, while recovery states on problem solving, safety behavior, and social behavior between 2 groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: From the study results, it was noted that s-SAH patients showed better recovery states in cognitive dimension as well as in functional dimension compared with s-ICH patients.
Animals ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Grooming ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Memory ; Problem Solving ; Prospective Studies ; Social Behavior ; Stroke ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background/Aims: The care cascade for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is impeded by multiple barriers, including suboptimal anti-HCV testing, link to care, and diagnosis. We explored the changes in the care cascade of HCV for the past 20 years and its current status in a large cohort from a tertiary referral center. Methods: We analyzed 1,144,468 patients who had anti-HCV testing between January 2001 and June 2020. Metrics related to the care cascade of HCV infection and the long-term prognosis of patients were explored. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-HCV positivity was 1.8%, with a recent decreasing trend.In all, 69.9% of anti-HCV positive patients performed HCV RNA testing, with a 65.7% positivity. Patients who did not have HCV RNA testing were older and more likely to have a non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy, normal alanine aminotransferase level, and good liver function. Linkage times for HCV RNA testing from the anti-HCV positivity and for antiviral treatment from HCV diagnosis decreased, notably after 2015, when highly efficacious oral antiviral treatment was introduced to Korea. The average treatment uptake rate was 35.4%, which increased to 38.9% after 2015. Of the 5,302 patients analyzed for long-term prognosis, the annual incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma were 1.02 or 2.14 per 100 person-years in patients with or without a sustained virological response, respectively. Conclusions The care cascade of HCV infection has been suboptimal for the past 20 years, despite the recent changes. More effort should be made to increase HCV RNA testing and treatment uptake.

OBJECTIVES: We estimated the population prevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including unreported infections, through a Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART) in 258 communities throughout Korea. METHODS: In August 2022, a survey was conducted among 10,000 household members aged 5 years and older, in households selected through two stage probability random sampling. During face-to-face household interviews, participants self-reported their health status, COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination history, and general characteristics. Subsequently, participants visited a community health center or medical clinic for blood sampling. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to spike proteins (anti-S) and antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins (anti-N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. To estimate the population prevalence, the PROC SURVEYMEANS statistical procedure was employed, with weighting to reflect demographic data from July 2022. RESULTS: In total, 9,945 individuals from 5,041 households were surveyed across 258 communities, representing all basic local governments in Korea. The overall population-adjusted prevalence rates of anti-S and anti-N were 97.6% and 57.1%, respectively. Since the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has reported a cumulative incidence of confirmed cases of 37.8% through July 31, 2022, the proportion of unreported infections among all COVID-19 infection was suggested to be 33.9%. CONCLUSIONS The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19, confirming that most individuals possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and that a significant number of unreported cases existed. Furthermore, this study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.