?Pterygium is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. Its exact etiology and pathogenesis are not completely understood. At present, it is considered that its occurrence and development is the result of many factors. Current studies have indicated that the occurrence of pterygium is closely related to the environmental factors. Long time exposure to sunlight, dust, pollen and other long - term chronic stimulation are the main incentive factors. Various factors have caused limbal barrier dysfunction, induced the level of a variety of growth factors and inflammatory factors increased, so that the conjunctival tissue degenerate and proliferate to the cornea in the formation of pterygium. In this paper, the research progress of the pathogenesis of pterygium is reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the value of 64-slice spiral CT angiography in diagnosing diabetic leg arteriosclerosis obliterans(DLASO).Methods 64-slice spiral CT angiography was done in 90 patients with diabete and suspected vascular disorders of lower limb.Images were analyzed on the basis of the transverse CT source data including the maximum intensity projection(MIP),volume rendering(VR),multiplanar reconstruction(MPR) and curved planar reconstruction(CPR).Results 64-slice spiral CT angiography could exactly show the space relationship and anatomical detail of aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries.Arteriosclerostic obliterans was found in variant degree in 67 cases(67/90),of them,49(56.3%) were slight to medium arteriostenosis,18(20.7%) were obvious arteriostenosis and 7 were complete obstructed with collateral circulation.Conclusion 64-slice spiral CT angiography is of significant value in the assessment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremity arteries in the patients with diabetes.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive cocci isolated from 17 hospitals located at different areas in China. Methods All the Gram-positive cocci isolated from 17 hospitals from October 1 st, 2004 to September 30th, 2005 were collected for susceptibility test using standard agar dilution method issued by The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI,2004). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 were detected for antibacterial activity in vitro of 35 antimicrobial agents. The rates of resistance, intermediate and susceptiblity of bacteria to the agents were calculated. Results Totally, 925 Gram-positive cocci strains were collected during the period, which included Staphylococcus 536, Enterococcus 249, Streptococcus 137 and other Gram-positive cocci 3; the rates of oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) and oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ORSE) were 62.9% and 82.9%, respectively. The penicillinnonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) was 40.7 % including 10.5 % resistant and 30.2intermediate. All strains of Enterococcus were susceptible to teicoplanin. No Enterococcus was resistant to vancomycin. Five strains of Enterococcus were found intermediate to vancomycin, which were 1 E.faecalis, 2 E. faecium, 1 E. gallinarum and 1 E. avium. No glycopeptides resistant Gram-positive coccus was detected. Conclusions The antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive cocci is increasing with higher isolate rate of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneurnoniae (PRSP) and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). All the investigated Gram-positive cocci are highly resistant to macrolides. No glycopeptide resistant strains are detected during the surveillance.

Objective To assess the efficacy of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast in the detection of residual lesions of early stage breast carcinoma after lumpectomy. Methods 53 patients with breast masses confirmed to be malignant tumors by pathology after lumpectomy underwent the dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MR imaging and then further surgical treatment by lumpectomy. The DCE MRI-based diagnoses were compared to the results of pathological analyses after the second lumpectomy. Results 17 (32%) cases were detected with abnormal enhancement. 8 cases presented mass-like enhancements , and 6 of them showed tumorous residuals (P < 0.01). 6 presented focal enhancements, taking up 35% and one of them was confirmed pathologically to have tumorous residuals (P < 0.01). 3 cases presented mass-like enhancement, taking up 18% and 2 of them were confirmed with cancerous residuals . MR dynamic enhancement showed 68% of the them presented no abnormal enhancements in the breast and 33 of themhad no residual cancer , taking up 92%. 3 of them were confirmed with tumorous residuals , taking up 8%. The The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DCE MR imaging for diagnosing residual malignant lesion were 52% and 92%, respectively . Conclusion The dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of breast is helpful for evaluating residual malignant lesion after lumpectomy and affects positively subsequent treatment.

With the development of medical education,the traditional cell biology teaching modes and methods need constant adjustment to adapt to the current teaching.In view of the present high-speed development of cell biology,we seriously picked some representative themes to carry out thematic teaching.Students were encouraged to read some references about the corresponding content and thought primarily before the class.After the lesson,the teacher guided students to discuss and find the answers to the questions they asked before.Participation in class discussion and homework completion accounted for 10％ of the final assessment results.The thematic teaching helped to optimize classical teaching contents and frontier progress.This teaching mode not only stimulated learning interest but also fully exercised learning ability.

0.05).But the amount of adhered bacteria of surface-polished with titanium alloy is greater than that of surface-polished with zirconia ceramics(P

Objective To observe the growth characteristic of bulge-originated cells from human hair follicles in vitro. Methods The bulges which were isolated from human hair follicles by dispase and microdissection were cultured. The morphological and biological characteristic of the cultured bulge cells were observed by light microscopy and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Results Proliferated cells could be observed in the second day after being inoculated. The number of these cells, with greater proliferation potential, reached the peak at the sixth day and maintain several days. In addition, the mitotic figures appeared and the cells behave the similar morphologic features, meanwhile the cells strongly expressed K19 and showed a descensive tendency in long-time growth.Conclusion The cultured bulge cells kept the primitive characteristic, which suggested that the putative follicle stem cells resided in the bulge area.;

Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the expression of SH2-B? in the lung and the visceral sensory afferent system(C7-T5 spinal ganglia and the corresponding posterior horn of the spinal cord)of asthmatic mice.Methods Murine model of asthma of BABL/c mice was induced by ovalbumin in vivo.By means of immunohistochemistry and Western blot,the expression of SH2-B? in the lung,C7-T5 spinal ganglia and corresponding spinal cord was detected and the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on it was observed.Inspiratory airway resistance was measured with AniRes 2003 lung function system.Results The expression of SH2-B? in the lung,C7-T5 spinal ganglia and the corresponding spinal cord of the asthmatic mice was much higher than that of the control group and the dexamethasone group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of ketamine on the synaptic long-term potentiation(LTP) in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices,and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of ketamine on memory.Methods Hippocampal slices(400 ?m thick) were obtained from the brains of male Sprague-Dawley rats(2 months old) weighing 200-250 g that were decapitated.The slices were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid(ACSF) at room temperature for at least 120 min before use.Forty-nine slices were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=7):control group,ketamine 1,5,10,30,50 and 100 ?mol?L-1 groups.All the slices in each group were perfused with ACSF,ketamine 1,5,10,30,50 or 100 ?mol?L-1,respectively.The slices in each group were performed to record evoked population spikes(PS) using extracellular microelectrode recording technique.Another forty-nine slices were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=7):LTP group,ketamine-LTP 1,5,10,30,50 and 100 ?mol?L-1 groups.All the slices in each group were perfused with ACSF,ketamine 1,5,10,30,50 or 100 ?mol?L-1,respectively.PSs were recorded for at least 30 min before LTP in each group.For LTP induction,high-frequency stimulation(HFS) conditioning pulses(100 Hz?s-1) were applied to the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway of hippocampus using a bipolar stimulating electrode.The changes in PS amplitude after HFS were analyzed in each group.Results The PS amplitude of the rat hippocampal slices in ketamine 1,5,and 10 ?mol?L-1 groups had no significant difference compared with control group.The PS amplitude in ketamine 30,50 and 100 ?mol?L-1 groups decreased compared with control group(P

We describe an extra-articular triplane fracture of distal tibia in a twelve-year-old boy. This variant of the triplane fracture has been largely ignored in the literature. The clinical significance of recognizing this fracture is that, although it constitutes an epiphyseal fracture, it remains extra-articular. We treated this case by open reduction and internal fixation of both distal tibia and fibula. However, unlike the standard triplane fracture that exits through the tibiot alar joint, this variant may be treated acceptably with less that an anatomical reduction, therefore avoiding the need for surgical management.
Fibula ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Tibia