Humans ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Saponins ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive cocci isolated from 17 hospitals located at different areas in China. Methods All the Gram-positive cocci isolated from 17 hospitals from October 1 st, 2004 to September 30th, 2005 were collected for susceptibility test using standard agar dilution method issued by The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI,2004). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 were detected for antibacterial activity in vitro of 35 antimicrobial agents. The rates of resistance, intermediate and susceptiblity of bacteria to the agents were calculated. Results Totally, 925 Gram-positive cocci strains were collected during the period, which included Staphylococcus 536, Enterococcus 249, Streptococcus 137 and other Gram-positive cocci 3; the rates of oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) and oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ORSE) were 62.9% and 82.9%, respectively. The penicillinnonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) was 40.7 % including 10.5 % resistant and 30.2intermediate. All strains of Enterococcus were susceptible to teicoplanin. No Enterococcus was resistant to vancomycin. Five strains of Enterococcus were found intermediate to vancomycin, which were 1 E.faecalis, 2 E. faecium, 1 E. gallinarum and 1 E. avium. No glycopeptides resistant Gram-positive coccus was detected. Conclusions The antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive cocci is increasing with higher isolate rate of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneurnoniae (PRSP) and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). All the investigated Gram-positive cocci are highly resistant to macrolides. No glycopeptide resistant strains are detected during the surveillance.

Xiao Zhi Ling Injection is a Chinese herbal aqueous solution of praeparatum which is mainly made of gallnut and alum, it can make a " strengthening body resistance " treatment in polytype tumors, mainly through promoting apoptosis of tumor cells, destructing tumor cells, inhibiting tumor growth, enhan-cing immunity of organism and so on, the clinical effect is certain, with the development of theory and tech-nology in tumor molecular biology, it has become the core of future research that how to further explore Xiao-Zhi-Ling injection to promote tumor cell apoptosis by impacting on related genes, and its lucubrate inevitably provide new hope in gene therapy of cancer.

Lymph node dissection was the key procedure of pancreatic surgery.The majority of guidelines indicated that extended lymph node dissection was helpless for improving survival rate.However,there were still quite a few researches which demonstrated that the extended dissection was a valuable procedure.It was still a controversial topic considering lymph node dissection.To review the shortcomings of previous randomized controlled trials (RCT),this article combined the experience of new techniques in pancreatic surgery,which are developing rapidly in recent years,and our theory and practice of radical resection of retroperitoneal lipo-lymphatic layer (RRRLLL).Therefore,the controversy and update of extended lymph node dissection for pancreatic head carcinoma were discussed,which could provide references for standardizing the treatment of extended lymph node dissection in clinical practice.

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Male ; Nucleosomes ; immunology

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; pathology ; HIV ; isolation & purification ; HIV Infections ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical efficacy of anatomic locking plate and Gamma nail in treating unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures with external wall fractures.

METHODSFrom June 2010 to June 2014,clinical data of 44 patients with intertroehanteric fractures associated with lateral wall fractures (type 31A2.2-3.3) followed more than 12 months,which treated with Gamma nail or anatomic locking plate,were retrospective analyzed. Sixteen patients were treated with anatomic locking plate, including 6 males and 10 females aged from 32 to 83 years old with an average of 56.5 years old. Twenty-eight patients were treated with Gamma nail including 17 males and 11 females aged from 26 to 87 years old with an average of 60.4 years old. Operative time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, blood loss (intraoperative and hidden blood loss), hospital stays were observed and compared. PPMS and HHS scoring were used to evaluate postoperative clinical effect.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of 16.2 months. Operative time in Gamma nail was shorter than anatomic locking plate; while blood loss( intraoperative and hidden blood loss) and intraoperative fluoroscopy times in anatomic locking plate were less than that of in Gamma nail. There was no significant meaning in hospital stays between two groups. Postoperative full weight-bearing time in anatomic locking plate was prolonged than Gamma nail. At the final following-up, PPMS in Gamma nail was 7.50 ± 1.78 and 6.82 ± 1.38 in anatomic locking plate, and there was no obvious meaning between two groups (t = 2.341, P = 0.132); there was no significant differences in HHS score between Gamma nail (83.25 ± 11.18) and anatomic locking plate (86.14 ± 12.36) (t = 1.923, P = 0.243). The incidence of complications in Gamma nail was less than anatomic lock-ing plate (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONAnatomic locking plate for intertrochanteric fractures with external wall fractures could avoid re-injury of external wall, especially for severe comminuted fractures, difficult for intramedullary nailing, and there was no significant meaning in hip joint function compared with Gamma nail, while postoperative incidence of complications was higher than Gamma nail, so early weight-bearing was not stress.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic ; Dimethylformamide ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To determine ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in Jiangshen Capsules by HPLC simultaneously. METHODS: The separation was performed on Kromasil-C18 column, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 05% H3PO4 solution ( 21∶ 79) with flow rate of 1. 0mL? min-1 and detection wavelength of 203nm. RESULTS: The linear ranges of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re were 0. 502～ 4. 016? g( r=0. 999 7) and 1. 090～ 8. 720? g( r=0. 999 8) , respectively, with average recovery at 98. 8% ( RSD=1. 24% ) and 99. 4% ( RSD=1. 68% ) , respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable, and suitable for the quality control of Jiangshen Capsules.

Objective To analyze the Clavien-Dindo classification and risk factors of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy and investigate the relationship between the major risk factors and Clavien-Dindo classification of complications.Methods The retrospective case-control study was adopted.The clinical data of 200 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2010 to June 2015 were collected.The patients underwent Whipple surgery or pylorospreserving pancreaticoduodenectomy according to the tumor location.Observation indicators included:(1)postoperative complications using Clavien-Dindo classification,(2) univariate and multivariate analyses:the basic conditions of patients,surgery-related factors,pancreas-related factors,(3) relationship between independent risk factors and Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.The univariate analysis and count data were done using the chi-square test.The comparison between groups was done using independent samples nonparametric test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z) and multivariate analysis was done using the Logistic regression model.Results (1) Postoperative complication situations:of 200 patients,122 underwent Whipple surgery and 78 underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy,including 6 combined with vascular reconstruction and 1 with radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors.Ninety-eight patients had postoperative complications,including 41 patients with 2 or above kinds of complications.Pancreatic fistula was detected in 80patients,including 42 with grade A,28 with grade B and 10 with grade C,wound infection in 29 patients,delayed gastric emptying in 24 patients,postoperative intra-abdominal infection in 16 patients,postoperative intraabdominal hemorrhage in 10 patients including 8 receiving interventional treatment,postoperative biliary leakage in 7 patients and unintended reoperation in 2 patients.Three patients were dead during hospitalization.The incidence of complications in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ (Ⅲ a and Ⅲ b),Ⅳ and V of Clavien-Dindo classification was 28.00％(56/200),13.00％ (26/200),5.00％ (10/200),1.50％ (3/200) and 1.50％ (3/200).(2) The univariate and multivariate analyses:the results of univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) and texture of the pancreas were risk factors affecting complications after pancreatico-duodenectomy (x2=6.483,Z =-3.189,P ＜0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that BMI ＞ 23.9 kg/m2 and soft pancreas were independent risk factors affecting complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (OR =2.044,1.649,95 ％ confidence interval:1.212-3.447,1.194-2.275).(3) The relationship between independent risk factors and Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy was analyzed,there were statistically significant differences between BMI or texture of the pancreas and Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (x2 =13.897,27.077,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy is in favor of comprehensive comparisons and quality assessments among different studies,the primary classification is grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ.And decreasing BMI and good management of pancreatic stump may affect Clavien-Dindo classification of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.