Objective To clarify the cellular localization of triptolide and to explore its in-cell action sites.Methods 4-(Bro-momethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin was employed to label triptolide,then labelled triptolide was incubated with human hepatoma carci-noma cells.Subsequently,incubated cells were subjected to stain with fluorescent dye DiI or PI,which were specific to cytoplasmic membrane system and nucleus,respectively.Results Compared with the non-triptolide control,coumarin labelled triptolide shown a light blue fluorescence under UV excitation;Co-localization with DiI showed that triptolide exist in cytoplasm and(or)on cell mem-brane;Co-localization with PI showed that triptolide located in cell nucleus.Moreover,microscopic observation indicated that the fluorescence intensity in nucleus was denser than that in cytoplasm.Conclusion The presnt study demonstrate that triptolide main-ly act in nucleus,followed by acting in cytoplasm and(or)on cell membrane.

Objective To examine serum lipid levels and to investigate the risk factors of dyslipidemia in children and to study the indices of screening test for dyslipidemia of children in Beijing.Methods Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-c) were detected by HITACHI 7060 automatic biochemical analyzer in Beijing students.Body height, weight,upper body height,waist circumference,upper arm circumference and blood pressure were measured.Body mass index(BMI) was calculated according to the measurement of body height and weight.Waist-to-height ratio(WHR) was also calculated.Then a Logistic regression analysis and ROC study were conducted to examine the relationship between the above indices and dyslipidemia.Results Of 962 students,107 were found dyslipidemia.The prevalence rate was 11.12%.The upper body height,upper arm circumference,BMI,WHR,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in children with dyslipidemia were higher than those of normal subjects(P

AIM:To investigate the serum antibody of aquaporin 4 ( AQP4 - Ab ) in positive expression rate and the significance in patients with neuritis.
●METHODS: A total of 98 cases ( 128 eyes ) of patients with optic neuritis were studied to detect the patient′s serum AQP4-Ab positive rate of antinuclear antibodies ( ANAs) from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015 in ophthalmology center of our hospital. According to the expression of AQP4 - Ab group, the best corrected visual acuity between the two groups, peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFL), the volume of the macula, macular RNFL ( mRNFL ) , macular core layer volume ( mlNL ) measurement were compared.
●RESULTS:Ninety-eight patients (128 eyes) with optic neuritis cases diagnosed through examination revealed AQP4-Ab positive in 22 patients ( 22%) , negative in 76 patients ( 78%) , ANAs positive in 21 patients ( 21%) , negative 77 patients ( 79%) . Optic neuritis patients with serum AQP4 - Ab positive rate and ANAs positive significant correlation ( r = 0. 707, P < 0. 05 ). After examination revealed AQP4-Ab patients and negative-positive patients with best corrected visual acuity difference was not statistically significance (P>0. 05). After inspection found pRNFL, macular volume measured value AQP4 - Ab positive patients were significantly less than the negative patients, the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). AQP4-Ab positive patients and negative patients the mRNFL, mlNL measured values were not significantly different (P>0. 05).
●CONCLUSION:AQP4-Ab and ANAs expression in optic neuritis patients is a significant correlation. AQP4-Ab positive patients with optic neuritis pRNFL thinning of macular volume are decreased compared with negative patients.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between serum levels of leptin, endothelin and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods Leptin, endothelia, FBG, PBG, HBA1C, CHOL, TG and other clinical characteristics were tested in 80 type2 diabetes patients and 30 control case. All diabetes patients were divided into three group: non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) according to the examination results of fundus. Correlations between levels of serum leptin and other parameters were analyzed. Results Plasma level of leptin in the type 2 diabetes with PDR group[(17.41±5.81)μg/L] were higher than that in control, NPDR and NDR group (P＜0.01). Plasma level of ET in the type 2 diabetes with PDR group[(80.68±13.57)mg/L] were higher than that in control, NPDR and NDR group (P＜0.01). The serum leptin levels were positively correlated with BMI(r＝0.468,P＜0.01). Conclusions Serum leptin and endothelin levels were elevated in patient with diabetic retinopathy as diabetic retinopathy aggravated and serum level of leptin and endothelin raised.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in repairing cisplatin-induced acute renal injury.Methods The rats were injected 6 mg/kg of cisplatin intraperitoneally,and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs group) or PBS (PBS group) were injected respectively via tail vein after 24 hours.The rats without injecting cisplatin were selected as a normal control group.The repair effect of BM-MSCs on renal injury was observed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry.In addition,NRK-52E cells were cultured in vitro and treated with cisplatin for 6 hours.Then,NRK-52E cells were continued to culture for 48 hours or co-cultured with BM-MSCs for 48 hours,and NRK-52E cells untreated with cisplatin were used as a control.The expression levels of miR-92b and its target gene PTEN were detected by qRT-PCR,and the expression level of p-Akt by western blot.Results HE staining showed that the tubular protein casts in BM-MSCs group were significantly less than that in PBS group,and that the renal tubular structure was significantly improved in BM-MSCs group.Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the number of cells expressing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in BM-MSCs group (131.0 ± 14.4) was significantly higher than that in PBS group (42.2 ±6.1,t =11.28,P ＜0.01).qRT-PCR results showed that in the vivo experiment,compared with the expression level of miR-92b and PTEN in the normal control group (1.11 ± 0.78,1.01 ± 0.21),PBS group were (4.64 ± 1.06) and (0.61 ± 0.2),respectively (all P ＜ 0.05);BM-MSCs group were (2.27 ± 0.81) and (1.1 ± 0.1),respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).In vitro experiment,compared with the expression level of miR-92b and PTEN in the negative control group (1.12 ± 0.77,1.02 ± 0.13),cisplatin group were (7.64 ± 0.72) and (0.58 ± 0.2),respectively (all P ＜ 0.05),cell group were (4.38 ± 0.50) and (1.15 ± 0.23),respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).Western blot results showed that compared with the expression level of p-Akt in cisplatin group (0.96 ± 0.18),p-Akt expression in cell group was (2.11 ± 0.11,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion BM-MSCs may repair the cisplatin-induced acute renal injury via down-regulating the expression level of miR-92b.

A high Streptolydigin-producing strain Streptomyces lydicus AS 4.2501-L8 with genetic stability was obtained from the original strain S. lydicus AS 4.2501-P28 by mutagenesis with UV and acridine orange, followed by resistance selection. Its yield of Streptolydigin was 177.0 ?g/mL, 96.2% higher than the original strain.

Objective To discuss the advantages of balloon combined with stent-assisted steel-coil embolization in treating intracranial wide-necked aneurysms located at artery bifurcation sites. Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with intracranial wide-necked aneurysms located at artery bifurcation sites (25 aneurysms in total), who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University during the period from January 2014 to May 2014 to receive balloon combined with stent-assisted steel-coil embolization treatment, were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 20 patients, 16 had a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage and 4 had no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage. A total of 25 intracranial aneurysms located at artery bifurcation were detected; the locations included basilar terminal bifurcation (n=14), middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation (n=8) and internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation (n=3). Three dimensional DSA was performed immediately and three months after the treatment , and the manifestations were evaluated according to Raymond classification. The clinical efficacy at three months after the treatment was assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Results Three dimensional DSA performed immediately after the balloon combined with stent-assisted steel-coil embolization treatment showed that among the 25 intracranial wide-necked aneurysms located at artery bifurcation 21 belonged to Raymond gradeⅠ, 2 belonged to Raymond grade Ⅱand 2 belonged to Raymond grade Ⅲ. Follow-up DSA performed three months after the treatment revealed that 20 aneurysms were Raymond grade Ⅰ, 3 aneurysms were Raymond gradeⅡand 2 aneurysms were Raymond grade Ⅲ. Three months after the treatment the mRS score was 0 point in 17 patients and one point in one patient, and the prognosis of these patients was good; the mRS score was 4-6 points in 2 patients, and the prognosis of the two patients was poor. Conclusion For the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms located at artery bifurcation sites, balloon combined with stent-assisted steel-coil embolization has obvious advantages.

Objective To examine the changes in the expression of voltage-gated sodium channel?subunit mRNA in the dorsal root ganglion(DRG)and the role it plays in the neuropathie pain.Methods Thirty- two male SD rats weighing 250-400g were randomly divided into 2 groups:groupⅠneuropathic pain(SNL,n= 20)and groupⅡsham operation(n=12).Neuropathic pain was produced by ligation of right sciatic nerve according to Seltzer.Paw withdrawal latency to noxious thermal(PWHL)and mechanical(PWML)stimulation were measured before(baseline)and 1,2,3,5,8,11,14,28 day after sciatic nerve ligation(SNL).DRG at L_(4,5) was isolated on the 14th day after SNL in 8 SNL and 4 sham-operated animals for determination of sodium channel?subunit mRNA expression(by in-situ hybridization).Results PWHL and PWML were significantly decreased on the 2nd-28th day after SNL as compared to the baseline in SNL group.There was no significant difference in?_1 subunit mRNA expression between the 2 groups.The?_2 subunit mRNA expression in DRG was hardly detectable.The?_3 subunit mRNA expression in DRG on the operated side was significantly higher in SNL group than in sham-operation group.Conclusion The up-regulation of sodium channel?_3 subunit mRNA expression in DRG may play an important role in neuropathic pain.

BACKGROUND: The lipid peroxide, monoamine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase are the important biochemical pharmacological indexes to test the ability of eliminating the free radicals of organism. The lipid peroxide is also a quantitative index of senility oxidation.OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of taibai yangshen on resisting free radicals through testing the serum lipid peroxide, monoamine oxidase (MAO),and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the senile rats.DESIGN: A random control experiment.SETTING: Pharmacy Department of Shaanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).MATERIALS: The experiment was done in March 2002 in the pharmacological Experimental Base of Shaanxi College of TCM. The 40 healthy young rats and 40 old rats were selected. The water extract of ground taibai yangshen was concentrated to 1.5 g/mL. The ginseng decoction was concentrated to 0.3 g/mL.METHODS: The young and old rats were randomized into 8 groups:young normal control group, young ginseng group, young taibai yangshen big dosage group, young taibai yangshen small dosage group, old normal control group, old ginseng group, old taibai yangshen big dosage group, and old taibai yangshen small dosage group. Ten rats were in each group. Seven days for adaptation to the environment. Then the normal control group was gastro-perfused daily with the distilled water 20 g/kg, the ginseng the taibai yangshen big and small dosage groups were gastro-perfused daily spectively. Thirty-five days later, the rats were cut heads in the state of anesthesia. The serum was centrifuged. The sulfuration barbituric acid was adopted to test the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), the ultraviolet absorption was adopted to test the activity of MAO, and the xanthine oxidase was adopted to test the activity of SOD.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The concentration of MDA and the activity of MAO and SOD.groups and the taibai yangshen big and small dosage groups, the concentration of MDA and the activity of MAO were lower than that of the normal control groups (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), the activity of SOD was higher than yangshen small dosage group, the concentration of MDA and the activity of MAO were higher than that of the young taibai yangshen small dosage group [(8.23±1.73), (6.73±1.69) μmol/L; (41.7±15.9), (40.9±14.6) nkat/L,P ＜ 0.05]. In the old taibai yangshen big and small dosage groups, the activity of SOD was lower than that of the young taibai yangshen big and small dosage groups [(386.75±26.71), (403.49±21.58) NU/mL; (382.13±20.07),(389.69±24.45) NU/mL, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Taibai yangshen functions well to inhibit the MAO, reduce the lipid peroxide, and enhance the activity of SOD, able to resist the free radicals to put off aging.

Objective To investigate the influence of age on liver histopathological feature of patients infected with chronic hepatitis B. Methods Liver biopsies were performed on 114 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The biochemical tests were measured by routine automated techniques. Serum hepatitis markers including HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc were assayed by using a microparticle enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. HBV-DNA was measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis were compared between four groups with different age: younger than 20years, 20 ～ 30, 31 ～40, and older than 40 years. Results All 114 patients had liver histological changes with different degree. 75.4 percent (89/114) of cases had 2/over 2 grades of liver necrosis/inflammation, and 47.4 percent (54/114) of cases had 2/over 2 stages of liver fibrosis.There was no significant relation between the level of ALT and age or between the level of ALT and the grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis( P ＞0. 05 ). The significant difference in degrees of liver inflammation and fibrosis was found among three age groups ( x2 = 30. 86, P ＜ 0. 01; x2 = 21.17; P ＜0.05 ). The grades of 1 iver inflammation and fibrosis increased with the increased age of the patients. Conclusion These results suggested that age was an independent factor for the disease progression. It was very important to undertake liver biopsy for patients with CHB more than 30 years to reveal the liver histopathological characteristics and guide the treatment.