Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; chemically induced ; immunology ; therapy ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Cyclosporine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To study the risk factors for ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in ICU and pathogens antimicrobial resistance.Methods 220 patients were selected and divided into observation group (88 patients) and control group(132 patients) depending on whetherhe has VAP or not.The clinical data were reviewed to explore the risk factors.And the secretions of respiratory tract were investigated by the routine bacterial culture and drag-resistance methods to analysis the distribution of pathogens.Results The risk factors associated with VAP were COPD,mechanical ventilation,the extensive use of antibiotics,age ＞ 60 years,APACHEII score ＞ 30(P ＜ 0.01).157 bacterial were cultured,68.9％ of pathogens was Gram-negative bacteria in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was rated as the top one,and 26.1％ of pathogens was Gram-positive bacteria in which MRSA was the majority.The results of the antibiotic resistance monitoring indicated that all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed high drugresistance to common antibiotics.Conclusion We should control these risk factors which are closely related to VAP,and select suitable antibiotics on the basis of etiological analysis and drug-resistance.

As one subclass of forkhead proteins, the forkhead box O ( FoxO) transcription factors take part in a series of bio-logical processes including cellular apoptosis, damaged DNA re-pair and cleavage of reactive oxygen species(ROS). Increasing evidence highlights that oxidative stress elicited by FoxOs con-tributes to imbalance of redox status in cells related to bone me-tabolism, resulting in development of the pathogenesis of osteo-porosis. This article reviews the relationship of FoxOs and osteo-porosis, which may be beneficial for the research of pathological mechanism and therapeutic strategy of osteoporosis.

Objective Summarize the interventional nursing experiences for patients with coronary chronic total occlucion by transraidal approach. Methods Preoperative evaluation, careful psychological nursing, perioperative observation and prevetion complications were used for 105 patients with coronary chronic total occlusion when curred by transraidal approach intervention. Results There were 97 cases had successful operation, while 8 cases failure. There were 14 cases of perioperative hypotension, 6 cases of coronary acute occlusion, 4 cases of coronary perforation and 3 cases of no- reflow. There were no radial- as-sociated complication in any patients. Conclusions Effective and careful nursing measures can prevent complications.

Objective Little is known about the influence of congenital heart disease on the phannacodynamies of neuromuscular blocking agents. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in children with cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease. Methods The study was conducted in two parts. In part Ⅰ , 36 children with congenital heart disease scheduled for open heart surgery were allocated into 3 groups (n=12) : acyanotic group; slightly cyanotic group and severely cyanotic group. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored after administration of 0.6 mg ? kg-1 rocuronium. In part Ⅱ , 40 children with congenital heart disease were allocated into acyanotic and cyanotic group ( n = 20). The children in each group were further divided into 4 subgroups of 5 patients according to the dose of rocuronium the children received : 120, 180, 240 and 300 ?g? kg-1 . The dose- response curve for neuromuscular blockade was constructed and ED50 , ED90 and ED95 were calculated. SPSS 8.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results In part Ⅰ the onset time (the time from injection of rocuronium to 95% depression of neuromuscular transmission) was significantly longer in severely cyanotic group [(2.25 ? 1.27) Min] than in acyanotic group [(1.17 ? 0.15) min] . There was no significant difference in the duration of action and recovery time among the 3 groups. In part Ⅱ the dose-response curve shifted to the right in cyanotic group compared with acyanotic group. ED50, ED90 and ED95 were significantly higher in cyanotic group than in acyanotic group. Conclusion The onset time of rocuronium is prolonged and the sensitivity of the patients to rocuronium is decreased in patients with cyanotic heart disease.

A preliminary investigation on the serum HCV RNA in 182 patients with different chronic liver diseases and 35 blood donors was performed with "nested" polymerase chair reaction.The findings were as follows;(1)Serum HCV RNA was detected in 36.6%(34/93)cases of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC),31.7%(20/63)cases of liver cirrhosis(LC),15.4%(4/ 26)cases of chronic hepatitis(CH)and 2.9%(1/35)blood donors.(2)Most of the HCV RNA positive cases were accompanied with positive serum HBsAg/HBV DNA.15.1%(14/93)of PHC,3.2%(2/63)of LC and 3.8%(1/26)of CH was positive only for HCV RNA.The findings suggest that about 20% of PHC are related to the coinfection of HCV and HBV,while 15% of PHC are related to HCV infection only.

Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and HBV DNA were assayed in 38 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) negative for all serum HBV immunological markers (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was found that either HCV RNA or HBV DNA or both were detectable in 28 cases (73.7%) among the 38 patients. Of these patients, single HCV RNA- positive, single HBV DNA-positive and both HCV RNA and HBV DNA-positive were observed in 7(18.4%), 12(31.6%) and 9(23.7%) cases, respectively. The results suggest that (1) HCV infection may also play an important role in the development of PHC in Chongqing; and (2) about half of the PHC patients negative for all the serum HBV immunological markers are still associated with HBV infection.

Combined with practical experience, a stock investigation method of medicinal plants is approached from different angles, such as setting up the sample field and quadrant, doing the fieldwork, calculating the stock and annual possible gathering volume, etc. Depending on the geographical distribution features of the plants, the sample field are pointed out on topographic maps (1: 50 00 or 1: 10 000). Quadrants are set up at random or regularly according to the species and density of the plants. The locat ion, area, slop orientation, gradient,elevation, and vegetation of the sample field, also the area of quadrant and the amount of plants investigated, should be carefully noted down during the fieldwork .The quadrants are classified according to their slop orientation and gradient, then convert the recorded amonut of plants in quadrants to the amount of plants per square kilornetre. The stock of Per square kilometre is equal to the volume of the amount of the plants in per square kilometre divided by the amount of the plants per kilogram. The stock of per square kilometre multiplied by the area of earth's surface is the stock volume, which should be classified by the slop orientaion and gradient. The sum of the volunes is the total stock of a kind of plant.As to gather and make use of the medicinal plants in a gathering circle period, the annul possible gathering volume should be calculated as the stock volume of the plant divided by the gathering circle period.

2?mol/L) was obvious and the inhibitive degree was nearly 100% when the concentrations of arsenic trioxide and cisplatin were 12?mol/L and 4?mol/L. 2.Higher concentrations of arsenic trioxide and cisplatin perturbed cell through S-phase and up-regulated p53 gene expressions.Conclusions The inhibitive effect of arsenic trioxide combined with cisplatin was more obvious than either one used separately; the apoptosis mechanism of ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910 is related with perturbing of S phase and up-regulating of p53 gene expression.

Objective To investigate a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of lung cancer with diffuse pleural metastasis accompanied by malignant pleural effusion. Methods From December 1978 to February 2003, 55 patients of carcinoma of lung with pleural metastasis underwent the comprehensive therapy characterized by pleuropneumonectomy. A follow-up of all the patients after hospital discharge was conducted. Results Death due to complications was found in 2 out of the 55 patients, but remission and significant improvement of symptoms were found in the rest. A follow-up period ranging from 1 to 25 years revealed that 48 patients survived for 5-40 months (median survival time: 14 months), and 5 patients were still living and well. Conclusion Strict control of the surgical indications and radical removal of the malignant tumor can improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients, even there is already metastasis to the pleura.