Objective To observe and compare anatomical position between pediatric internal jugular vein and common carotid artery in children patients of different ages with ultrasonic technique.Methods Four hundred and ninety-six cases of pediatric patients undergoing selective operation,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were selected in this study,they were 380 males and 116 females ranging from 0 to 12 years.Image position of internal jugular vein and common carotid artery above the clavicle were detected with ultrasonic technique for all pediatric patients,positions of internal jugular vein and common carotid artery for different patients were classified according to different angles,anatomical position between pediatric internal jugular vein and common carotid artery in different age groups (newborn group,infant group,toddler group,preschool children group and school-age children group) were compared.Results In area between 0°-30°,the ratios of right puncture of infant group,toddler group,preschool children group and school-age children group were significantly higher than those of the left (infant group: 42.3% vs 0%;toddler group: 48.8% vs 1.6%;preschool children group: 57.5% vs 2.7%;school-age children group: 58.0% vs 2.1%)(P<0.01).In area between 30°-60°,the ratios of the right puncture in all groups were significantly higher than those of the left (newborn group: 45.0% vs 10%;infant group: 44.2% vs 23.1%;toddler group: 46.3% vs 19.5%;preschool children group: 35.4% vs 19.5%;school-age children group: 35.1% vs 20.2%) (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In areas between 60°-90°and at 90°,the ratios of the right puncture in infant group,young children group,preschool children group and school-age children group were significantly higher than those of the left (P<0.01).In areas of >90°,there was no statistical difference between the ratios of the right puncture and the left in all groups.Conclusion The success rate of right internal jugular vein puncture of children was higher than that of the left.Conditions in the newborn group were different from that in the other age groups.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate and analyze clinical analysis of low molecular weight heparin calcium combined with psychological intervention in the treatment of diabetic foot patients. Methods 100 patients with type 2 diabetic foot who were treated in our hospital from February 2015 to November 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 50 patients in each group. The patients in the control group and the experimental group were treated with anti infection therapy and insulin hypoglycemic therapy, and the dressing change was carried out. The experimental group was given subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin for psychological intervention, pay attention to the patient's psychological status, strengthen communication with patients, and increase the patient's confidence and treatment compliance. The clinical indexes of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results After the corresponding treatment, 6 cases in the experimental group the wound healing is invalid. The number of ineffective wounds in the control group was 20. The effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 88.0％, which was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the effective rate was 60.0％, with statistical difference (P<0.05). After treatment, the plasma viscosity and the blood flow velocity of the dorsalis pedis artery in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Low molecular weight heparin calcium combined with psychological intervention in the treatment of diabetic foot has a good clinical effect, and has the significance of promotion.

The fermentation conditions of lipase production by Geotrichum candidum Y162 were optimized. Initially, the most suitable carbon olive oil, nitrogen source soybean flour and NH4Cl, salt BaCl2 and MgCl2 were selected according to single factorial experiments respectively. Based on the result, screening methodology Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of twelve factors related to lipase production and three statistically significant factors olive oil, BaCl2 and NH4Cl were selected. The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of lipase production subsequently. Then, the optimal combined concentration for maximum enzyme activity were further optimized by response surface methodology and determined as follows: olive oil 2.35%, BaCl2 0.36%,and NH4Cl 4.69%.The optimization of culture conditions of G.candidum Y162 led to a 2.25-fold increase in lipase production relative to initial result 14.16 U/ml, which indicate that single factor in combination with response surface methodology is an effective method for optimization of lipase production conditions by G.candidum Y162.

Objective:To observe whether there is abnormal expression of tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R)hNa v1.8 channel protein in demyelinated fibers of the affected nerves in patients with trigeminal neuralgia(TN), and to explore the relationship between ectopic discharges and TN.Methods: Six affected inferior alveolar nerves obtained from patients with idiopathic TN were studied. One great auricular nerve and one normal inferior alveolar nerve were used,which were obtained from patients undergoing combined radical neck dissection with glossectomy (negative control) and mandibulectomy (normal controls) . One rat spinal nerve was used as positive control. Immunohistochemical method and electron microscope were used to observe the expression of TTX-R hNa v1.8 channel protein in all groups. Results: Strong expression of hNa v1.8 channel protein was found in the demyelinated fibers of the affected nerves in patients with TN, weak expression in the neuraxon of rat spinal nerve,and none in the normal inferior alveolar nerve and the great auricular nerve. Conclusion: Abnormal expression of hNa v1.8 channel protein in the demyelinated fibers in patients with TN may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TN.

Objective:To examine the influence of exam stress on the sustained attention of students with different levels of trait anxiety. Methods: With the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 10 students with high trait anxiety (high trait anxiety group, H group) and 10 with non-high trait anxiety (non-high trait anxiety group, NH group) were randomly sampled from 400 students taking the coming College English Test-Band 4 (CET-4). Their attention was measured with digit cancellation test and the event related potentials during the control phase (the period was chosen 2 weeks after the beginning of the semester and there was no examination in the following 3 months) and the stress phase ( from 2 weeks to 1 day before CET-4 examination). Results: The right cancellation number of the NH group was higher than that of the H group(F=8.178, P=0.007). During the control phase the P300 amplitude and latency were similar between the 2 groups (F= 0.125, 0.127, respectively;P= 0.728, 0.726, respectively). During stress phase the P300 amplitude of the H group was significantly lower than that of the NH group(F=12.913, P=0.002)and the P300 latency of the H groups was longer than that of the NH group(F=16.952, P= 0.001). In NH group, the P300 latency in the stress phase was significantly shorter than that of the control phase (F= 6.514, P=0.020). Conclusion: Exam stress has different influences on the sustained attention of people with different levels of trait anxiety, which suggests that people with high trait anxiety are the target population for stress management.

The current development of medical sciences focuses simply on the progress of natural sciences,while neglects the combination with humanities and social sciences,which leads to the absence or lack of medical humanistic spirit.This paper analyzes the absence of medical humanistic spirit contrasted by the rapid development of medical high-tech,the manifestations and reasons for the absence of medical humanistic spirit,and proposes to strengthen the humanistic quality of medical science education in order to solve problems brought by absence of medical humanistic spirit.

OBJECTIVE:To provide guidance for pharmacists to adopt a right method in participating in clinical drug treatment work.METHODS:In participating in clinical drug treatment work,pharmacists identified physicians’ drug treatment schemes by sticking to Guiding Principle of Clinical Use of Antibacterials and made remarks on the evaluation results.RES-ULTS & CONCLUSION:Through participating in clinical medical quality ward round,pharmacists can bring their professional advantages into full play,timely find out problems existed in the clinic drug treatment,guide clinical rational drug use,and play a key role in promoting drug treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of probiotic supplement on the microbiology,bacterial translocation,and gut barrier function of the rats with abdominal infection. Methods After making the models of cecal ligation and perforation,the SD rats were divided into two groups.The rats in the control group were administrated with parenteral nutrition.The rats in the experimental group were administrated with parenteral nutrition and probiotics via the needle jejunostomy and neck vein for 5 d.The feces in the cecum were cultured by anaerobic bacterial growth.The vena cava blood and the homogenated tissues of the lives,hungs and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured to determine bacterial translocation. Results The quantity of normal intestinal bacteria in the experimental group and the control group had significant difference except Enterobacteriaceae.The quantity of L.acidophilus and Bifidobacteria in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group.The quantity of C.perfrigens,the potential pathogenic germ in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P

Objective To examine the availability of emergency medical services(EMS) for patients with acute stroke and to investigate influential factors affecting the preference of patients'to EMS.Methods Consecutive information of patients with acute stroke who presented to the emergency department of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 were analyzed.Gender, age of patients, transport modality, risk factors in cerebrovascular diseases, initial symptoms, stroke types, onset and admission time were included to make analysis in retrospective study.The participants were divided into two groups based on the preference of patients, namely EMS group and self-transport group.Wilcoxon rank sum test or Chi-squared test was used to statistical analysis as appropriate.A multiple binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between various patient-related factors with probability whether patients chose EMS or not.Results Among the 240 patients, only 29.2%of them asked for the EMS at the onset of symptoms (EMS group, n=70), and the rest patients called for other services(self-transport group, n=170).Logistic regression analysis revealed that the patients with the symptom of altered consciousness or convulsion (95%CI:0.107-0.403,OR=0.208,P<0.01) were more likely to use EMS.The time consumed from onset to visit of patients with acute stroke to emergency physician was significantly shorter in EMS group (M, 60 min vs.180 min,P<0.01).Conclusion The symptom of altered consciousness or convulsion was the independent factor to determine whether patients with acute stroke preferred EMS or not.