Based on whole-genome identification of the TPS gene family in Perilla frutescens and screening, cloning, bioinformatics, and expression analysis of the synthetic enzyme for the insect-resistant component germacrene D, this study lays the foundation for understanding the biological function of the TPS gene family and the insect resistance mechanism in P. frutescens. This study used bioinformatics tools to identify the TPS gene family of P. frutescens based on its whole genome and predicted the physicochemical properties, systematic classification, and promoter cis-elements of the proteins. The relative content of germacrene D was detected in both normal and insect-infested leaves of P. frutescens, and the germacrene D synthase was screened and isolated. Gene cloning, bioinformatics analysis, and expression profiling were then performed. The results showed that a total of 99 TPS genes were identified in the genome, which were classified into the TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e/f, and TPS-g subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis showed that the TPS in P. frutescens has conserved structural characteristics within the same subfamily. Promoter cis-element analysis predicted the presence of light-responsive elements, multiple hormone-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements in the TPS family of P. frutescens. Transcriptome data revealed that most of the TPS genes in P. frutescens were highly expressed in the leaves. GC-MS analysis showed that the relative content of germacrene D significantly increased in insect-damaged leaves, suggesting that it may act as an insect-resistant component. The germacrene D synthase gene was screened through homologous protein binding gene expression and was found to belong to the TPS-a subfamily, encoding a 64.89 kDa protein. This protein was hydrophilic, lacked a transmembrane structure and signal peptide, and was predominantly expressed in leaves, with significantly higher expression in insect-damaged leaves compared to normal leaves. In vitro expression results showed that germacrene D synthase tended to form inclusion bodies. Molecular docking showed that farnesyl pyrophosphate(FPP) fell into the active pocket of the protein and interacted strongly with six active sites. This study provides a foundation for further research on the biological functions of the TPS gene family in P. frutescens and the molecular mechanisms underlying its insect resistance.
Perilla frutescens/chemistry* ; Plant Proteins/chemistry* ; Multigene Family ; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/metabolism* ; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/chemistry* ; Phylogeny ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical symptoms and MRI outcomes of patients with ruptured lumbar disc herniation(LDH) through a multicenter randomized controlled study, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Yiqi Huoxue formula() in the treatment of this disease. METHODS: A total of 160 outpatients and inpatients with ruptured LDH admitted to 4 medical centers from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the Yiqi Huoxue formula group and the control group, with 80 patients in each group. In the Yiqi Huoxue formula group, there were 43 males and 37 females, with an age of (41.03±9.56) years and a disease duration of (10.45±25.37) days, and the patients were treated with Yiqi Huoxue formula. In the control group, there were 34 males and 46 females, with an age of (42.14±8.73) years and a disease duration of (11.31±21.14) days;during the acute phase, patients in this group could take celecoxib capsules orally, and methylcobalamin orally at the same time. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), changes in the volume of herniated disc tissue on MRI, herniation rate, and absorption rate were recorded at the time of enrollment and during follow-ups at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 156 patients completed the clinical follow-up, and 4 patients withdrew midway. The clinical symptoms of all patients who completed the study were relieved to varying degrees, and reabsorption of herniated disc tissue was observed in all patients in the Yiqi Huoxue formula group after treatment. For the JOA score:in the Yiqi Huoxue formula group, it was (10.73±2.76) points before treatment and (24.65±2.19) points at the 12th month after treatment;in the control group, it was (11.01±1.20) points before treatment and (17.07±3.26) points at the 12th month after treatment. For the ODI score:in the Yiqi Huoxue formula group, it was (26.21±3.55) points before treatment and (5.65±2.19) points at the 12th month after treatment;in the control group, it was (27.92±2.51) points before treatment and (9.09±2.15) points at the 12th month after treatment. At the 12th month after treatment, the JOA and ODI scores of both groups were better than those before treatment, and the scores of the Yiqi Huoxue formula group were better than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). In terms of the herniated disc volume and herniation rate on MRI, the Yiqi Huoxue formula group was superior to the control group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Reabsorption occurred in 56.96%(45/79) of patients in the Yiqi Huoxue formula group, which was significantly higher than the 37.66%(29/77) in the control group. CONCLUSION After treatment with Yiqi Huoxue formula, patients with ruptured LDH show significant improvement in clinical symptoms and a marked reduction in the volume of herniated discs. During the follow-up period, no obvious adverse drug reactions are observed in patients, and no recurrence of symptoms is found at the last follow-up, indicating that the formula has safe and reliable efficacy.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/drug therapy* ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Middle Aged ; Lumbar Vertebrae

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Guangdong Province between 2010 and 2019. METHOD: Spatial and temporal variations in TB incidence were mapped using heat maps and hierarchical clustering. Socioenvironmental influencing factors were evaluated using a Bayesian spatiotemporal conditional autoregressive (ST-CAR) model. RESULTS: Annual incidence of TB in Guangdong decreased from 91.85/100,000 in 2010 to 53.06/100,000 in 2019. Spatial hotspots were found in northeastern Guangdong, particularly in Heyuan, Shanwei, and Shantou, while Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Foshan had the lowest rates in the Pearl River Delta. The ST-CAR model showed that the TB risk was lower with higher per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [Relative Risk ( RR), 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval ( CI): 0.86-0.98], more the ratio of licensed physicians and physician ( RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and higher per capita public expenditure ( RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.97), with a marginal effect of population density ( RR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.86-1.00). CONCLUSION The incidence of TB in Guangdong varies spatially and temporally. Areas with poor economic conditions and insufficient healthcare resources are at an increased risk of TB infection. Strategies focusing on equitable health resource distribution and economic development are the key to TB control.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Bayes Theorem ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology* ; Socioeconomic Factors

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and genetic basis of a male patient with Kennedy disease(KD) presenting as secondary infertility. METHODS: A male patient who had presented at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital in August 2023 for secondary infertility for 5 years was selected as the study subject. Clinical data, laboratory findings, and auxiliary examination of the patient were collected. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the patient and his family members. Following DNA extraction, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was carried out. Pathogenicity of candidate variant was predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Fluorescence probe PCR-capillary electrophoresis was employed to analyze the trinucleotide CAG repeat sequence variation in the AR gene to rule out dynamic mutation. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (Ethics No.: 2024-697). RESULTS: The patient had presented with non-obstructive azoospermia and elevated androgen sensitivity index. Ultrasound scan indicated small testicular volume and seminal vesicle atrophy. WES and bioinformatics analysis revealed abnormal amplification in the patient's AR gene. Fluorescence probe PCR and capillary electrophoresis confirmed that both the proband and his nephew had harbored 52 CAG trinucleotide repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene, confirming the diagnosis of KD. The proband's mother, elder sister, and daughter were identified as carriers of the variant, while his second elder sister did not carry the mutation. CONCLUSION As a rare X-linked recessive genetic disease, KD mainly manifests with muscle weakness, myasthenia gravis and myofascial tremor, while cases with infertility and non-obstructive azoospermia as the initial symptoms are rare and can be easily missed. Diagnosis made by genetic testing needs to be taken seriously by the clinicians.
Humans ; Male ; Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked/diagnosis* ; Adult ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Receptors, Androgen/genetics* ; Exome Sequencing ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Trinucleotide Repeats

Objective To construct a symptom network in patients with acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD),so as to provide theoretical basis for the screening of dissection ATAAD during emergency pre-screening triage.Methods There were 433 patients diagnosed with ATAAD during 2019 to 2023 in an emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan.Their basic information and medical records were reviewed by self-designed data questionnaire.UCINET6.0 software was used to construct a symptom network,analyze the centrality index and determine the core symptoms.Symptom distribution of patients with positive and negative blood pressure in extremities was analyzed in the further.Results The most common symptoms in patients with type A aortic dissection were chest pain(77.37％),back pain(42.96％),and sweating(29.79％).In the symptom network,chest pain had the highest degree(rs=659).The closeness of chest pain,chest tightness,shortness of breath,back pain,nausea and vomiting,limb numbness and fatigue were same(rc=93.33).Fatigue has the highest betweenness(rb=13.69).Patients with positive limbs blood pressure mainly reported chest pain(70.17％),back pain(44.96％),and nausea and vomiting(19.33％),while those with negative limb blood pressure mainly reported chest pain(63.64％),back pain(63.64％),and orosphyalgia(39.40％).Orosphyalgia had the highest degree(rs=20).Conclusion The symptoms of ATAAD are complex and varied in patients.During triage,nurses should measure the limb blood pressure when patients complained chest pain alone or when combined with other hypoperfusion symptoms,such as back pain,chest tightness,sweating,near-death sensation,and shortness of breath.Aortic dissection cannot be ruled out in patients with negative blood pressure when they had chest pain,back pain or orosphyalgia.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic suture anchor fixation for acute bony Bankart lesions.Methods:Data of 49 patients with acute bone Bankart injury treated with suture anchor fixation under arthroscopy at the Affiliate Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University School of Medicine from February 2019 to July 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 males and 15 females, aged 46.4±17.7 years (range, 18-81 years). Body mass index was 26.3±4.2 kg/m 2 (range, 19.8-37.9 kg/m 2). There were 17 patients with left shoulder and 32 patients with right shoulder. The time from injury to operation was 12.6±10.5 d (range, 1-50 d). CT three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the area of bone defect accounted for 20.1%±11.4% (range, 8%-49%) of the glenoid area. According to the degree of bone defect, there were 38 cases in the bone defect area ≤25% group and 11 cases in the bone defect area >25% group. All 49 patients received shoulder arthroscopic fixation with wire anchor. All 49 the patients were treated under shoulder arthroscopy using suture anchor technique. Using American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Rowe score as well as shoulder range of motion to evaluate shoulder function. The position and healing of the fracture mass were evaluated with shoulder joint CT and three-dimensional reconstruction at immediate and final follow-up. Results:The incision healed in one stage and no infection occurred in all patients. All 49 patients were followed up for a period of 3 to 81 months, with an average follow-up of 23.8±20.2 months. At the final follow-up, the mean forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation improved from 126.1°±20.3°, 36.9°±14.0°, and 10±2 preoperatively to 167.1°±15.5°, 66.8°±8.3°, and 6±1 at the last follow-up, respectively ( P<0.05). At the final follow-up, the mean ASES score, UCLA score, and Rowe score were all significantly improved from 41.3±11.9, 14.2±6.1 and 46.9±14.7 preoperatively to 89.7±7.8, 31.5±3.6 and 92.4±7.4, respectively ( P<0.05). The differences between the final follow-up and preoperative values for forward elevation in the bone defect area >25% group and the bone defect area ≤25% group were 43°±20° and 41°±21°, respectively. The differences in lateral external rotation were 34°±8° and 29°±18°, while the differences in internal rotation (measured by hand-behind-back reach) were 5±2 and 4±2, respectively. None of these differences were statistically significant. The differences between the final follow-up and preoperative scores in the bone defect area >25% fracture fragment group and the bone defect area ≤25% group were as follows: ASES score, 50.9±14.4 vs. 47.7±12.8; UCLA score, 18.4±3.2 vs. 17.0±6.9; and Rowe score, 40.5±13.5 vs. 46.9±15.0. None of these differences were statistically significant. CT examination at the last follow-up showed that all fractures were healed, all patients in the bone defect area ≤25% group achieved good reduction, and 3 patients in the bone defect area >25% group had step-offs on the glenoid surface. Postoperative shoulder adhesion occurred in 5 patients, which was improved after intensive abduction and external rotation exercise. Conclusions:Arthroscopic suture anchor fixation is effective for the bone defect area ≤25% bony Bankart lesions, offering advantages of minimal invasiveness and rapid recovery. For lesions involving more than the bone defect area 25% of the glenoid surface, enhanced fixation strength is recommended to prevent fracture fragment displacement.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends of cancer incidence and mortality from 1991 to 2020 in Jiashan County of Zhejiang Province,and to predict trends from 2021 to 2035.[Methods]Cancer cases and deaths from 1991 to 2020 in Jiashan County were collected.The crude inci-dence rate and mortality rate,age-standardized rate(ASR)were calculated.The annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC)were calculated by Joinpoint model to analyze the trend of cancer incidence and mortality.The age-period-cohort model was used to predict the trends of cancer incidence and mortality from 2021 to 2035 and the estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was calculated.[Results]The age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC)in Jiashan were 159.06/105,187.25/105,and 254.37/105 during 1991-2000,2001-2010,and 2011-2020,respectively.The trends in young and middle-aged women and people above 65 years old were more predominant.Lung,stomach,colorectal,liver and female breast cancers were major incident cancers for the period from 1991 to 2020.The cancer incidence showed an increasing trend from 1991 to 2020(AAPC=2.17％,P＜0.05)and is expect-ed to continue to increase over 2021 to 2035(EAPC=3.03％,P＜0.05).The age-standardized mor-tality rates by Chinese standard population(ASMRC)in Jiashan were 119.74/105,117.79/105,and 100.11/105 during 1991-2000,2001-2010,and 2011-2020,respectively.Lung,liver,stomach,colorectal,esophageal,and pancreatic cancers were leading causes of cancer deaths from 1991 to 2020.The cancer mortality showed a decreasing trend from 1991 to 2020(AAPC=-1.00％,P＜0.05)and is expected to continue to decline over 2021 to 2035(EAPC=-1.67％,P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The mortality rate from cancers has been gradually declined in Jiashan County,while the incidence rate has increased significantly and will continue to increase in the next 15 years.High incidence of lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer and colorectal cancer makes it crucial to pay close attention to key groups and strengthen the control of risk factors of high inci-dence cancer.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To assess the predictive value of the percentage of Gleason pattern 4 (G4%) in prostate biopsy for adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in our institution between January 2019 and December 2023, and included those who were diagnosed with ISUP 2-3 cancer at biopsy. A total of 109 patients were included in this study. The average age of patients was (67.40±6.11) years, and the average BMI of patients was (25.36±2.97) kg/m 2. 49 Cases (45.0%) had a PI-RADS score of 5, and the median prostate volume was 32.60 (24.57, 45.63) ml. The median of most recent tPSA before biopsy was 9.76 (6.89, 12.95) ng/ml, the median PSAD was 0.28 (0.17, 0.44) ng/ml 2, and the median f/tPSA was 0.11 (0.08, 0.16). Clinical T 2b or higher stage was found in 84 cases (77.1%). The total biopsy core length was (22.91±5.18) cm, with a median of 24 (20, 24) biopsy cores and a median of 6 (4, 9) positive cores. Gleason score 3+ 4 was found in 52 cases (47.7%), and Gleason score 4+ 3 in 57 cases (52.3%). Cribriform was present in 30 cases (27.5%). G4% was calculated based on the proportion of Gleason grade 4 tumor relative to total tumor, tumor proportion relative to total tissue, and tissue length. Patients were divided into high-G4% (≥2.45%) and low-G4% (<2.45%) groups based on the median G4% value, with 55 and 54 cases, respectively. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the two groups ( P>0.05). The main risk factor of adverse pathology was analyzed by logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were performed. Patients were further stratified by the G4% cutoff value from ROC, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to compare biochemical recurrence free survival (BCRFS) between groups. The main risk factor affecting BCRFS was analyzed by Cox regression. Adverse pathology was defined as postoperative Gleason score ≥4+ 3 or pathological stage ≥T 3a. Results:Adverse pathology occurred in 44 (80.0%) high-G4% and 16 (29.6%) low-G4% patients ( P<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified G4% as an independent risk factor for adverse pathology ( OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.50, P=0.033). The highest ROC AUC value was seen for G4% (0.799), significantly outperforming Gleason score (0.799 vs. 0.641, P=0.003), tPSA (0.799 vs. 0.615, P=0.003), PSAD (0.799 vs. 0.679, P=0.038), positive cores (0.799 vs. 0.677, P=0.009), clinical T stage (0.799 vs. 0.607, P=0.001) and cribriform (0.799 vs. 0.639, P=0.001). The G4% cutoff value for predicting biochemical recurrence was 10.97%. The median BCRFS was significantly higher in the low G4% (<10.97%) group than that in the high G4% (≥10.97%) group (55 vs. 28 months, P=0.002). Cumulative recurrence free survival rates at 1 and 3 years were 94.6% vs. 74.1% and 78.0% vs. 47.6%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicates that G4% was an independent risk factor affecting BCRFS ( HR=1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.23, P=0.041). Conclusions:For patients with ISUP 2-3 nmPCa, a higher G4% in biopsy specimens demonstrates strong predictive ability for adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence, outperforming traditional clinical indicators such as Gleason score and PSA.