Because of the long acquisition time and spin-echo planar imaging sequence, diffusion weight magnetic resonance image (DWI) should be denoised effectively to ensure the follow-up applications. The commonly used denoising methods which induced from gray level image lack the use of the specific information from multiple magnitude directions. This paper, therefore, proposes a modified linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) denosing method used for DWI. The proposed method uses the local information to estimate the parameter of the Rician noise and modifies the LMMSE using the information of multiple magnitude directions synthetically. The simulation and experiment of the synthetic DWI and real human brain DWI dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can more effectively remove the Rician noise compared to the commonly used denoising method and improve the robustness and validity of the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance image (DTI).
Algorithms ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Computer Simulation ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To investgate the application of overall hemostasis potential (OHP) experiment in the high-risk population of prethrombotic state (PTS). Methods The change of absorbance in fibrin formation and degradation was measured with a spectrophotometer at 340 nm when the plasma clotting was triggered by the low concentration of TF in the presence of urokinase. The OHP,overall coagulation potential (OCP) and the overall fibrinolysis potential (OFP) were obtained from the coagulation-fibrinolysis curve based on the computer analysis. To evaluate this OHP method,52 cancer patients,31 coronary artery disease patients,27 mid/late-stage pregnancy women and 100 healthy controls were detected. In addition,the plasma fibrinogen was detected and its correlation with OHP was studied. Results The level of OCP and OHP in PTS high-risk population was significantly higher in cancer,coronary heart disease patients and the mid/late-stage pregnancy women than in the healthy controls (P0.05). Conclusion The OHP assay may indicate the hemostatic balance; therefore,it can be used for evaluation of PTS.

Objective To study the construction and function of platelet (PL) and the protection of PL by blood anesthesia during the eardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was immobi-lized on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) which was used as artificial vascular materials,to obtain the samples of PET-BSA. (1) The quantity of PL adhesion of PET and PET-BSA samples were investigated by lactate de-hydrogenase(LDH) test. (2) The quantity of PL activation was investigated by a-granule membrane protein-140 (GMPI40) test. (3)PL adhesion test was conducted on the surface of the samples and the morphology of the adhered PL was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (4)30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery under CPB were randomly divided into aprotinin group and control group,quantities of FDP, PK, PLG and thromboxance B2 (TXB2) in the blood were measured in various time, PLs were observed by electron microscopy, and postoperative blood loss from chest and medium were recorded during first 24 hours. Results Compared with the control group,the quantity of PL adhesion on the PET-BSA samples significantly decreased and the quantity of PL activation of the PET-BSA group was only 20% of the control group. The results of SEM showed PL on PET-BSA surface was few,whereas on the PET sur-face overlaped and had pseudopodium. The decomposition of PLG is fewer in blood anaesthesia group,indicated the fi-brinolytie system was inhibited and construction of PL was protected. Conclusion During CPB,plasma proteins com-pete against each other to adhere on the tube of CPB,then PL interact to the adhered proteins,and PL combine with conformation changed fibrin at its C extreme of γ chain. At the same time,PL is activated and its GPⅡb/Ⅲa point is ex-posed. The function of blood anesthesia of aprotinin is to inhibit the activation of PIg; and PK,protect the GPⅡb of PL from being destroyed, and protect the coagulation funeion of PL of postoperation.

Objective:To observe the change of periphery and centra lymphocyte subsets at the crest-time of MOG_(35-55) induced EAE disease in mice,and to explore the alteration of cellular immunity and humoral immunity in the invasion process in EAE.Methods:MOG_(35-55) was used to establish EAE model in femina C57BL/6 mice.The behavioral changes and the histological scores were recorded after the mice were immuned .The changes of CD3~+CD4~+,CD3~+CD8~+,CD4~+CD25~+ and B220~+ on periphery and centra lymphocytes in spleen,brain and spinal cord were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:The CD3~+CD4~+,CD3~+CD8~+,CD4~+CD25~+ and B220~+ lymphocytes were detected in the brain and spinal cord of EAE group mice,but they were not detected in CFA control group.The CD3~+CD4~+ and CD3+CD8+lymphocytes in the spleen of EAE crest-time group were lower than those in CFA control group(P＜0.05).The B220~+ lymphocytes were obviously higher than in the CFA control group (P＜0.01).And CD4~+CD25~+ lymphocytes were slight higher than the CFA control group.Conclusion:At the crest-time during EAE,the CD3~+CD4~+,CD3~+CD8~+lymphocytes of spleen reduced obviously,B220~+ lymphocytes increased markedly,and the CD4~+CD25~+ lymphocytes just have the increasing trend.It indicates that cellular immunity and humoral immunity coregulated the patho-process at the crest-time of EAE,T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes all played important roles in the pathogenesy of EAE.

Objective To investigate the effects of compound bifonazole solution for the treatment of superficial mycosis.Methods The study groups were treated with compound bifonazole solution and the control group with clotrimazole solution in a double-blind controlled clinical trial.The solutions were applied to skin lesions once a day.The course of treatment was two weeks for tinea corporis and tinea cruris and four weeks for tinea manus and tinea pedis.The patients were followed up weekly for two weeks after cessation of treatment and evaluated with regard to erythema,papule,blister,scale,keratinization and pruritus.Mycologic examinations were performed before,during and right after treatment and two weeks after treatment.Results A total of434patients participated into the study.The clinical cure rates of study group were82.25%in tinea corporis and tinea cruris,and68.75%tinea manus and tinea pedis,with a total response rates of95.85%and92.5%in tinea corporis and tinea cruris,and92.5%in tinea manus and tinea pedis,respectively.The clinical cure rates of control group were58.6%in tinea corporis and tinea cruris,and44.7%in tinea manus and tinea pedis,with a total response rates of83.0%and87.2%in tinea corporis and tinea cruris,and in tinea manus and tinea pedis,respectively.The MICs to350clinical isolates of pathogenic fungi were1.6~2.5mg/L for compound bifonazole solution,and3.125~25mg/L for clotrimazole solution.Conclusions Compound bifonazole solution is a high-effective,broad-spectrum anti-fungal agent.It is keratolytic,well permeable and safe for relatively long term application.

Objective To explore the functional mechanism of a Chinese medicine compound “Qiangzhizufang”on rat model of Tourette syndrome ( TS) combined with fear.Methods The rat model of TS combined with fear was established by intraperitoneal injection of 3,3’-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) combined with acoustic stimulation.After giving different drug lavage treatment, the changes of behavior of the rat models were assessed by field test and behavior test.The content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue was detected by HPLC, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, separately.Results Compared with the normal control group, stereotyped behavior and exercise behavior were increased, freezing time prolonged, but the content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue were not obviously changed in the model control group.Compared with the model control group, the stereotyped behavior and exercise behavior were decreased, content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue was decreased in the “Qiangzhizufang” group. Conclusions The Chinese medicine compound“Qiangzhizufang” can improve the behavior in rat models of TS combined with fear.This effect may be realized through down-regurating TH mRNA expression, reducing the content of TH, and reducing the dopamine synthesis.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for protein degradation in both normal and pathological states. E3 ligases selectively attach ubiquitin to specific substrates, which is essential for regulating cellular homeostasis. The function of E3 ligases has been associated with a variety of diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. The discovery of E3 ligands can help regulate E3 ligases, thus expanding new ideas for disease treatment. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) drugs, including proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their dependence on E3 ligands. In this paper, we review the discovery techniques of E3 ligands, including activity-based protein mapping, fragment-based drug discovery, and library-based methods, and briefly introduce the protein interaction detection techniques involved in the ligand discovery techniques, in the hope of providing certain ideas for the future discovery of E3 ligands as well as the treatment of diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride on static balance stability patients with of Parkinson disease (PD) by using wearable device.Methods:PD patients with Hoehn & Yahr stage of grade 3 were enrolled and age-matched healthy subjects were selected as control group.The balance stability data under different positions,including natural standing with open eyes,standing on the feet with open eyes and natural standing with close eyes,were recorded by wearable sensor in ON and OFF state of drug.The swing displacements of antero-posterior/medio-lateral (the center of gravity swing parameters) under different standing positions were compared between two groups.Results:Totally 12 PD patients with Hoehn & Yahr stage of grade 3 and 12 healthy subjects were selected.The age,gender,and score of Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were not significantly different between two groups.In control group,the swing displacement under position of natural standing with open eyes was significantly less than that under position of natural standing with close eyes (P＜0.05).In PD group,the swing displacement was not significantly changed in ON and OFF stage of drug.However,under position of natural standing with open eyes,the displacement of antero-posterior swing in PD group was significantly less than that in control group in OFF state of the drug (P＜0.05);under naturally standing state with close eyes,the displacement of medio-lateral swing in PD group was significantly greater than that in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Digital wearable devices can effectively assess the balance stability of PD patients and healthy people;levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride do not improve the balance capacity of PD patients significantly;PD patients may have abnormal integration of visual and somatosensory.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and clinical application of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in diagnosis of occupying lesions in upper digestive tract and its pe-ripheral areas. Methods The data of 64 patients who underwent EUS-FNA for occupying lesions in upper di-gestive tract, between July 2006 and December 2007, were retrospectively analyzed. Results EUS-FNA was successfully performed on 62 patients, with a success rate of 96.88%. The overall diagnostic accuracy, sensi-tivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS-FNA for occupying lesions in upper digestive tract and its peripheral areas were 88.71%, 86.54%, 100.00%, 100.00%, and 58.82%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the foei larger and smaller than 3cm (P > 0.05), re-garding the diagnostic accuracy and average puncture numbers. Diagnostic accuracy of those with real-time cy-tolngical evaluation was significantly higher than those without (P=0.029), and the puncture numbers were less (P=0.001). Among the total 99 punctures, the positive diagnostic accuracy of those with 5ml negative pressure suction was significantly higher than those of 10 ml (P = 0.044). Conclusion EUS-FNA is a safe and applicable approach to diagnosis of occupying lesions in upper digestive tract and its peripheral areas with higher diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. Moreover, the real-time cyto-logical evaluation and adequate negative pressure might facilitate the diagnosis accuracy.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinic symptom improving time in uncertain SARS patients and the therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) in treating SARS.

METHODSThe clinic symptoms, chest film and tongue figure of 40 uncertain SARS patients treated with ICWM were observed and T-lymphocyte subsets, serum coronavirus nucleic acid and antibody in 20 patients were tested dynamically.

RESULTSAll the symptoms, such as fever, sweating, fatigue, cough without phlegm, etc. were obviously improved after treatment. Lung shadow in chest film began to be absorbed 4.54 +/- 2.85 days, and obviously absorbed 7.74 +/- 4.68 days after treatment. CD3, CD4 and CD8 in 20 patients, which were lower than the normal range when hospitalization, began to increase 3 days later and gradually recovered to the normal in 6-10 days. Serum coronavirus nucleic acid was positive in 3 patients, coronavirus antibody positive in two and both were positive in one.

CONCLUSIONICWM can improve the symptoms and regulate the immune function in uncertain SARS patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Uncertainty