0.05).The effective rates of patients with recurrence or metastasis were respectively 92%(12/13) and 7/9.The rate of acute radiation reaction of the rectum between the treatment group and control group were respectively 46%(13/28)and 80%(24/30),with a significant difference(P0.05),while the rate of severe bone marrow depression between two groups showed a significant difference(0 and 13%,P 0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of 3DCRT is similar to that of traditional radiotherapy in the treatment of cervical carcinoma,but the former treatment method has a lower rate of acute complications.

Objective To analysis the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)and human T lymphotropic virus(HTLV)infection status in Beijing among voluntary blood donors.Methods Randomly selected 2 010 blood samples from five districts and counties of Beijing City to screen HCMV-IgG,HCMV-IgM and HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ antibody by ELISA method.The positive samples were reexamined two times,two test results of samples were positive that were determined positive by ELISA. HTLV positive samples was confirmed by nested PCR.Results The HCMV-IgM and HCMV-IgG positive rates of Beijing blood donors were 2.19% and 92.59%,screened 1 case of anti-HTLV positive by ELISA method,then confirmed to be neg-ative result by nested PCR.The statistics showed that the HCMV-IgG positive rate female blood donors was higher than male (P <0.05).The positive rates of HCMV-IgM and HCMV-IgG among18~25 years old donors was lowest (P <0.05). Positive rate of HCMV-IgG in college students was lower than other occupation blood donars (P <0.05)and education de-gree was independent of HCMV-IgG,HCMV-IgM positive rates (P >0.05).Conclusion In this investigation,2 010 cases of voluntary blood donors from five districts of Beijing were not found in cases of HTLV infection,HCMV infection was prevalent.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of vitamin C (VC) on alleviating peroxidative damage in gut of dogs during enteral fluid resuscitation of severe burn shock.

METHODSEighteen male Beagle dogs were subjected to 50% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness burn 24 hours after duodenostomy and cannulation of cervical artery and vein. The dogs were divided into no resuscitation (NR) group (no treatment after burn), enteral resuscitation (ER) group, and ER+VC group according to the random number table, with 6 dogs in each group. Dogs in ER and ER+VC groups were respectively infused with glucose-electrolyte solution (GES) and GES containing 250 mg/kg VC through duodenostomy tube 30 minutes after burn. The infusion rate and volume of GES were in accordance with Parkland formula. Venous blood of dogs was drawn before (0) and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 post burn hours (PBH) to determine the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) in plasma. Dogs were sacrificed at PBH 8 to collect specimens of jejunum tissue for determining the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and assessment of the water ratio of intestinal tissue by dry-wet weight method.

RESULTS50% TBSA burn injury resulted in significant elevation of DAO in every group. The activity of DAO in ER group was obviously higher than that in NR group at PBH 6 and 8 (P < 0.05), but DAO activity in ER+VC group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups after PBH 2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). MDA content, MPO and XOD activity and the water ratio of intestinal tissue [(5.74 +/- 0.51) nmol/mg, (2.08 +/- 0.46) U/g, (58.4 +/- 3.8) U/mg, (81.5 +/- 1.8)%] in ER group at PBH 8 was respectively significantly higher than that in NR group [(5.43 +/- 0.25) nmol/mg, (1.55 +/- 0.21) U/g, (50.1 +/- 2.8) U/mg, (78.3 +/- 1.5)%, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. While the activity of SOD in ER group (72 +/- 12) U/mg was lower than that in NR group (97 +/- 20) U/mg. MDA content, MPO and XOD activity and water ratio of intestinal tissue in ER+VC group was respectively lower than that in ER group, with activity of SOD in the former group higher than that in the latter group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSVitamin C can alleviate peroxidative damage and tissue edema in gut induced by ischemia and reperfusion, and intestinal complications during oral rehydration during burn shock can be reduced.

Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Burns ; therapy ; Dogs ; Fluid Therapy ; adverse effects ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Shock ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of oral fluid resuscitation on pulmonary vascular permeability and lung water content in burn dogs during shock stage.

METHODSEighteen male Beagle dogs with catheterization of carotid artery and jugular vein for 24 hours were subjected to 50% TBSA full-thickness burn, then they were divided into non-fluid resuscitation (NR), oral fluid resuscitation (OR), intravenous fluid resuscitation (IR) groups, with 6 dogs in each group. Dogs in OR and IR groups were given glucose-electrolyte solution (GES) by gastric tube or intravenous infusion according to Parkland formula within 24 hours after burn, while those in NR group were not given any treatment. Dogs in each group were then given intravenous fluid for further resuscitation after 24 post burn hours (PBH). Deaths were recorded within 72 hours after burn. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), PaO2, extravascular lung water index (ELWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were determined before burn and at 30 mins and 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 PBH with the aid of PICCO. Dogs were sacrificed to collect lung tissue for determination of water content at 72 PBH or just before death.

RESULTSAll dogs died during 9-22 PBH in NR group, 3 dogs died during 25-47 PBH in OR group, and all dogs survived within 72 PBH in IR groups. Compared with those before burn, RR (44.0 +/- 5.0) times/min, ELWI (10.3 +/- 0.6) mL/kg and PVPI (6.6 +/- 0.6) were markedly increased in NR group at 8 PBH, but PaO2 and MAP were obviously decreased (P < 0.05). In OR group, RR (33.0 +/- 4.0) times/min, ELWI (8.9 +/- 0.3) mL/kg and PVPI (5.7 +/- 0.4) were significantly lower than those of NR group (P < 0.05), but higher than those of IR group [RR (26.0 +/- 3.0) times/min, ELWI (8.2 +/-0.3) mL/kg, PVPI (4.2 +/- 0.4), P < 0.05] at 8 PBH. PaO2 and MAP in OR group were higher than that in NR group (P < 0.05). Lung water content showed no statistically significant difference between OR ang IR groups (P > 0.05), which were lower than that in NR group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the protective effect of oral fluid resuscitation with GES on the lung of burn dog at shock stage was inferior to intravenous fluid, it still can decrease pulmonary vascular permeability, alleviate pulmonary edema, and reduce pulmonary complication compared with no resuscitation with fluids.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Capillary Permeability ; Dogs ; Extravascular Lung Water ; Fluid Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Lung ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; etiology ; Shock

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of carbachol(CAR) on oxygen dynamic parameters and hyperlactacidemia during oral fluid resuscitation of burn shock.

METHODSTwelve male Beagle dogs were surgically prepared for cannulation of carotid and jugular vein, and enterostomy, 24 hours later they were subjected to a 50% (total body surface area, TBSA) full-thickness flame injury under a 10-15 minute anesthesia by IV injection of propofol. The dogs were randomized to gastric fluid infusion group (GI group)and gastric fluid infusion plus CAR group (GI + CAR). Either a glucose-electrolyte solution(GES) or GES containing CAR (20 microg/kg) were intragastricly given to animals in GI group or GI+ CAR groups. The delivery rate and volume of GES was in accordance with that of Parkland formula. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), intestinal mucosal blood flow (IMBF) and blood lactic acid were determined, and blood gas analysis evaluated for oxygen delivery (DO2), oxygen consumption (VO2) and oxygen uptake (O2ext) at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injury.

RESULTSThe levels of MAP and IMBF markedly reduced, and LAC obviously increased in both groups after burn. MAP returned to 0 h level at 72 h post burn, while IMBF, and LAC were still higher or lower than 0 h levels. The level of MAP of GI + CAR group was significantly higher than that of GI group at 2 h, and those showed no significant differences between two groups after then. Carbochol administration led to a markedly higher levels of IMBF, and significant lower levels of LAC from 8 h after burn compared with those of GI group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The levels of DO2 VO2 and Oext were reduced markedly after burn in both groups. At 72 h after burn, DOQ returned to 0 h level; while VO2 and Oext though still much lower than 0 h levels. The level of DO2. VO2 and Oext of GI + CAR group were significantly higher than those of GI group from 8 h after burn (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Three of six animals died in GI+ CAR group, which was lower than two of six in GI group.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicates that carbachol promotes intragastric fluid resuscitative effect of burn shock by increasing oxygen delivery and decreasing hyperlactacidemia.

Animals ; Burns ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Carbachol ; pharmacology ; Dogs ; Electrolytes ; administration & dosage ; Fluid Therapy ; methods ; Glucose ; administration & dosage ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Male ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Resuscitation ; methods ; Shock ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the change in intestinal barrier and organ functions of burned dog after enteral administration of hypertonic electrolyte glucose solution (HEGS) in shock stage.

METHODSTwenty-four Beagle dogs inflicted with 35% TBSA full-thickness burn were divided into no-fluid group (NF), intravenous infusion with isotonic electrolyte glucose solution (IEGS) group (II group), enteral infusion with IEGS group (EI), and enteral infusion with HEGS group (EH) according to the random number table, with 6 dogs in each group. Saline, containing 50 g/L glucose, was intravenously or enterally infused into dogs in II group and EI group respectively 0.5 hour post injury (PIH) for resuscitation. Total infusion volume within PIH 24 was 4 mL x kg(-1) x %TBSA(-1) (half of the total volume was infused in the first 8 hours in a constant speed, the other half volume was infused in the rest 16 hours in a constant speed). HEGS, containing 18 g/L NaCl and 50 g/L glucose, was enterally infused into dogs in EH group. Total infusion volume within PIH 24 was 2 mL x kg(-1) x %TBSA(-1), with the same infusion speed as that in II and EI groups. Liver and kidney function indexes [activity of ALT and CK-MB, expression levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum], activity of diamine oxidase (DAO), and activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in intestinal mucosa at PIH 24 were determined.

RESULTSALT activity in each group was close to one another. Serum levels of creatinine and BUN in II, EI, and EH groups were significantly lower than those in NF group. CK-MB activity obviously increased at PIH 2 in every group. CK-MB activity in EH group at PIH 2 to 8 was respectively lower than that in NF and II groups. DAO activity in serum in II, EI, and EH groups decreased since PIH 4 or PIH 6, respectively from (3.9 + or - 0.6) U/L to (3.6 + or - 0.5) U/L, (4.8 + or - 0.4) U/L to (2.8 + or - 0.8) U/L, (6.4 + or - 1.8) U/L to (3.5 + or - 0.8) U/L, all were significantly lower than those in NF group [from (12.5 + or - 0.4) U/L to (9.7 + or - 1.1) U/L, comparison between EH group and NF group, t value at PIH 4, 6, 8, 24 was respectively 10.25, 12.44, 17.99, 16.21, P values all below 0.05]. The order of Na(+)-k(+)-ATPase activity in intestinal mucosa at PIH 24 in each group from high to low was II group, EH group, EI group, and NF group (comparison between former 3 groups and NF group, t value was respectively 10.09, 4.96, 8.32, F value was 26.79, P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHEGS does not cause significant harm to the barrier function of intestinal mucosa of shock dog after burn. Compared with NF, HEGS can significantly improve functions of heart, liver, and kidney, and it can achieve the same resuscitation effect as enteral or intravenous infusion of IEGS with only half of the solution volume.

Animals ; Burns ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Fluid Therapy ; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; physiopathology ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Liver ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the resuscitative effect of hypertonic electrolyte glucose solution (HEGS) in enteral resuscitation of burn shock.

METHODSEighteen Beagle dogs with 35% TBSA full-thickness flame injury were used in this study. They were randomized to a control group (no-fluid resuscitation, N group), a HEGS resuscitation group (H group) or an isotonic electrolyte glucose solution (IEGS) resuscitation group (I group). The solution enterally was given for resuscitation from half an hour after burn. The volumes and rates of fluid infusion in the H group were basically in accordance with 2 ml/(kg x 1%TBSA), those in the I group were basically in accordance with parkland formula [4 ml/(kg x 1%TBSA)]. The haemodynamic parameters, global end-diastolic volume index, plasma volume, osmotic pressure of plasma, intestinal absorptive rates of water and Na(+), and intestine mucosa blood flow were continuously assessed.

RESULTSThe cardiac output index, global end-diastolic volume index, plasma volume and intestine blood mucosa flow reduced markedly after burn in the three groups, and then gradually returned from 2 h after burn in two resuscitation groups, which were higher than that in the N group (P < 0.05). The activities of diamine oxidase in plasma in the two resuscitation groups were higher than that in N group (P < 0.05). The intestinal absorption rates of water and Na(+) reduced markedly after burn in two resuscitation groups with the lowest levels, and then returned from 6 h after burn. The rates of water in H group were lower than that in I group (P < 0.05); the rates of Na(+) in H group were higher than in I group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that 35%TBSA III degrees burn-injury dogs be resuscitated effectively with 1.8% hypertonic electrolyte-glucose solution by enteral, which 1/2 volume of an isotonic electrolyte glucose solution.

Animals ; Burns ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Enteral Nutrition ; Fluid Therapy ; methods ; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Resuscitation ; methods ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy on the sphincter preservation and local tumor control as well as survival for the patient with locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer.

METHODS121 locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer patients were treated with preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery after rest of 4 to 6 weeks. 103 of these patients who underwent radical surgery were finally included in this study. The irradiation regimen was: 40 Gy/4 - 5 weeks, whereas 57 of these 103 patients received concurrent chemotherapy of 5-Fu or Xeloda. Sphincter-preserving surgery was performed in 59 patients and abdominoperineal resection in 44 patients. The survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier model, and the differences between groups were compared using Log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox's model.

RESULTSTen patients (9.7%) achieved a complete pathological response (pCR) to preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The sphincter preservation rate was 57.3%. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) was 66.3% and 59.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that pCR and postoperative pTNM stage were prognostic factors affecting survival, whereas, only pTNM stage was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.003) by multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONNeoadjuvant preoperative radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy is effective in local tumor control and improving survival for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer, which can raise the rate of sphincter-preserving surgery, and achieve comparable result to abdominoperineal resection.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Capecitabine ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Deoxycytidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Leucovorin ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Particle Accelerators ; Preoperative Care ; Radiotherapy, High-Energy ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo prepare and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and polyclonal antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and to establish antibodies-based sandwich ELISA for detecting N protein of SARS-CoV, which might apply to early diagnosis of patients with SARS-CoV infection.

METHODSBALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant N protein of SARS-CoV for producing mAbs, and New Zealand white rabbits were immunized for producing polyclonal antibodies. The identification of antibodies was performed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA), and Western immunoblotting. Capturing and detecting antibodies were selected by pairing the mAbs and polyclonal antibodies one by one and an antibodies-based sandwich antigen capture ELISA was used for detecting N antigen of SARS-CoV.

RESULTSNine mAbs and hyperimmune rabbit polyclonal antibodies, specifically against SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein were obtained. Using paired ELISA assay, three mAbs N1E8, N8E1 and N10E4 were selected as capturing antibody and rabbit polyclonal antibodies as detecting antibody then triple antibodies-based sandwich ELISA was established following horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G. The recombinant N protein was used as a standard to establish a detection sensitivity of approximated 50 pg/ml with this assay. When tested with 420 serum specimens from serologically confirmed SARS patients, the positive rates of serum N protein were 90.1%, 23% and 0%, in which sera collected from 1 to 10 days, 11 to 20 days and beyond 21 days respectively after the onset of symptoms. The specificity of the assay was 99.86% in 715 control serum specimens. There was no cross-reaction with other respiratory viruses and coronaviruses.

CONCLUSIONSpecific and high affinity mAbs and rabbit polyclonal antibodies were obtained. By paired and optimized sandwich ELISA, a sensitive and specific antigen capture ELISA was established for detecting N antigen of SARS-CoV, which might apply to early diagnosis, source tracing and epidemiological studies of SARS.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nucleocapsid ; immunology ; Rabbits ; SARS Virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; virology

Objective To explore the effect of long noncoding RNA-ATB (LncRNA-ATB) on phenotypic transition and proliferation of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) induced by high glucose.Methods HPMCs used in experiment were divided into three groups:control group,mannitol group and hypertonic glucose group.HPMCs in control group received no treatment,and in hypertonic glucose group and mannitol group were treated with 50mmol/L D-glucose and isotonic mannitol for 72 hours,respectively.Real-time PCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression of LncRNA-ATB,E-cadherin,α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),Cyclin D1,cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 4 (CDK4),protein 27 (p27)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Western blotting was performed to detect the proteins expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA,CTGF,Cyclin D1,CDK4,p27 and PCNA,and flow cytometry was used to test the cell cycle.Lentivirus artifice was used to up-or down-regulate the expression of LncRNA-ATB in untreated HPMCs.Real-time PCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA and CTGF,Western blotting was performed to detect the proteins expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA and CTGF,and flow cytometry was used to test the cell cycle.Results It is revealed by Real-time PCR,Western blotting and flow cytometry that the expressions increased of LncRNA-ATB,α-SMA,CTGF,Cyclin D1,CDK4 and PCNA induced by hypertonic glucose,and decreased of E-cadherin and p27 (P＜0.05).Up-regulation of LncRNA-ATB promoted HPMCs phenotypic transition and proliferation,while down-regulation alleviated HPMCs phenotypic transition and proliferation.Conclusion Hypertonic glucose may accelerate HPMCs phenotypic transition and proliferation by up-regulating the expression of LncRNA-ATB.