Aim Toinvestigatetheeffectofhigh,me-dium and low doses of Mahuang decoction on the re-lease amount of rat hippocampal neural transmitter (Glu,Gly,Asp,GABA),then compare Mahuang de-contion with ephedra alkaloids and ephedra.Methods Ratswererandomlydividedinto6groupsandgiven orally with Mahuang decoction of high dose (calculated by ephedra 4 g·kg-1 ),medium dose (calculated by ephedra 2 g·kg-1 ),low dose (calculated by ephedra 1 g · kg-1 ),ephedra (calculated by ephedra 2 g · kg-1 ),ephedra alkaloids (ephedrine 7 mg · kg-1 , pseudoephedrine 2. 4 mg · kg-1 , methylephedrine 1. 12 mg · kg-1 )and blank control group.Samples were obtained from the hippocampus of conscious rat by microdialysis sampling technique.The content of ami-no acid neurotransmitters in dialysates was detected u-sing the established HPLC-ECD with OPA pre-column derivationmethod.Results Fouraminoacidneuro-transmitters could be well separated in 28 min.High, medium and low doses of Mahuang decoction,ephedra and ephedra alkaloids significantly increased the con-tent of these four amino acid neurotransmitters,com-pared with blank control group (P<0. 05 ).Ephedra alkaloids significantly reduced the levels of inhibitoryamino acid neurotransmitters GABA and Gly in 90 min,compared with the medium dose of Mahuang de-coction.Excitatory neurotransmitters of ASP and Glu in hippocampus showed the trend of increase first and then decrease after oral administration of Mahuang de-coction and ephedra. The levels of Glu and Asp reached peaks from 90 min to 120 min after treatment with Mahuang decoction,and also increased along with dose increase of Mahuang decoction.In comparison with the medium dose of Mahuang decoction group,the level of Glu reached peak at 90 min and 150 min in ephedra alkaloids group and ephedra group respective-ly,and the content of Glu significantly increased at peaktime.Conclusions Increasedcontentofexcita-tory amino acid neurotransmitters (Asp and Glu ) shows positive correlation with the dose of Mahuang de-coction.Other components in Mahuang decoction in-hibits the up-regulation effect of ephedra and ephedra alkaloids on Glu,and promotes the up-regulation effect of ephedra alkaloids on GABA and Gly.

Methods The maximum tolerated dose( MTD)of water and ethanol extracts of Radix millettiae speciosae were measured for the safety evaluation. Results Maximal tolerated dose( MTD)of water extract was higher than 1 000 g·kg-1 ,which equaled to 110 times the dose for human adults(60 kg). MTD of ethanol extract was higher than 1 700 g·kg-1 ,which equaled to 186 times the dose for human adults(60 kg). Conclusion Radix millettiae speciosae does not have obvious toxicity,thus its routine clinical dose is safe and feasible.

Micromachining of capillary electrophoresis chips is described.The current in channels was determined versus the voltage applied on the chip.Using laser-induced fluorescence detection,the process of injection and separation on chips was recorded with charge-coupled device(CCD).With defferent voltge of reservoirs on glass chips,profiles of the sample plug were studied. The elctropherogram of hydrolysis product of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FTTC-OH) and arginine labeled by fluorescein isothiocyante(FTTC-Arg) was obtained.

Objective To investigate the expression patterns of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in osteoblast and its responses to calcium, phosphate, exogenous PTH and 1,25(OH)_2D~3. Methods The primary rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured in MEM medium which containing 10% FBS, then were harvested when cells were in half-confluence, confluence, osteoid deposition and osteoid mineralization stages respectively. The procedure was monitored under microscopy. Total RNA was extracted from cells according to the Trizol procedure. FGF23 mRNA levels were determined by Real-time PCR. Further, the confluent osteoblasts were treated with 3.2 mmol/L CaCl_2, 4.4 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate, 10~(-9) mol/L rhPTH(1-34) and 10~(-8) mol/L 1,25(OH)_2D_3 respectively for 3 days, and same volume of the medium was added as the control. The gene expressions were determined by Real-time PCR. Results FGF23 expression was transiently up-regulated at cell confluent stage and down-regulated after that. The FGF23 mRNA levels were 7.5-fold higher in confluent cells compared with that in half-confluent cells (P<0.001). The markedlly stimulating effect (about 16 times) on FGF23 expression was stimulated by exogenous 1,25(OH)_2D_3 treatment while no significant effect was found on FGF23 mRNA levels by CaCl_2,β-glycerophosphate, and rhPTH(1-34) treatments when compared with the control. Conclusions The FGF23 expression in osteoblast is developmental stage-related and its powerful stimulator is 1,25(OH)_2D.

Objective To investigate the effects of Gefarnate on expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO),cyelooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced experimental colitis in rats and its therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 each. The rats in group A, B and C were infused with TNBS/alcohol by enema. After the production of colitis, the rats in group A or B were treated daily with 1 ml of normal saline or with 1 ml of 5-ASA (100 mg/kg) by enema,and those in group C were treated daily with 1 ml of Gefarnate by gavage. Group D was served as normal control. After the production of colitis,animals were sacrificed at day 7 and 14 with 5 in each group. The macroscopic changes of the colon were evaluated according to disease activity index (DAD scoring and histological change was assessed by HE staining. MPO activity of the mucosa was detected by biochemical methods. Expressions of COX-1 and COX-2 in tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with group A, macroscopic and histological scores and MPO activity were significantly decreased in group B and C (P<0.05). The expressions of COX-1 at day 7 and 14 were 1.86±0.51 and 1.96±0.41 in group B, 1.73±0.68 and 1.79±0.6 in group C, 1.91±0.34 and 1.99±0.45 in group D, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in group A (0.87±0.18 and 0.93±0.15, P<0.05). Whereas the expressions of COX-2 at day 7 and 14 were 1.53±0.19 and 0.73±0.15 in group B, 1.73±0.94 and 0.86±0.29 in group C, 0.24±0.18 and 0.18±0. 16 in group D, respectivley, which were significantly lower that those in group A (3.50±0.2;3 and 3.06±0.27). There was a significant difference between group D and group B or C (P<0.05). Conclusions Gefarnate provides a therapeutic effect during TNBS-induced colitis in rats, which is similar to that of 5-ASA. The mechanisms are involved in decreasing the concentration of colonic MPO and regulating the expression of COX-1/COX-2.

Objective To analyze the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype in the diseases associated with HPV infection and explore the role of HPV genotype in these diseases. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out to compare HPV genotypes of 353 outpatients suffering the diseases associated with HPV infection including cervical caner,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN),genital duc condyloma,and subclinical cervical human papillomavirus infection (SPI) in our department from January to October 2008. HybriMax were used to detect HPV genotype. The distribution data of HPV genotype were statistically analyzed. Results Totally 176 HPV positive females were found with a positive rate of 49.86%. HPV positive rate in cervical cancer was 100%,and all of them were high risk HPV. The positive rate was increased with the severity of CIN,and the higher histological-grade was,the higher HPV positive rate was (P

Objective To determine the anatomical basis of an algorithm to safely elevate the deep circumflex iliac artery osteocutaneous perforator(DCIAP) flap. Methods 1.Six unfixed corpses underwent whole body gelatine/lead oxide injection.Specimens were dissected by layers.Angiography and photography were used to document the precise course,size,location,and type of individual perforators in the lateral lumbar region.The surface areas of cutaneous territories and perforator zones were measured and calculated with Photoshop and Scion Image.2.One specimen also underwent whole body carboxymethylcellulose/lead oxide injection,CT scan and 3D-Reconstrution. Results An average of 1.6 DCIA perforators with a diameter of 0.7mm was present in 92% of specimens.Perforators were located 5～10 cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine,12～35mm above the crest,with a perforator zone of 31 cm~2.The DCIA reliably perfused the medial aspect of the iliac crest.Conclusion The DCIA reliably perfused the medial aspect of the iliac crest and lateral lumbar region.It offers a large quantity of bone on a pedicle of large diameter.The mobility of the skin component allows better tissue positioning during complex reconstructions.

Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Phytotherapy

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in China. Methods Eighty-seven patients were retrospectively studied in the aspects of family history, febrile seizures, clinical features, EEG, treatment effect. Results There was a female preponderance of incidence. In contrast to the earlier studies we found a high incidence of febrile seizures and a low incidence of family history. myoclonic seizures began at age of ( 13.1?3.4) years. That combined with generalized tonoclonic seizures began at age (14.3?3.8) years. Absence seizures began at age (10.0?3.3) years. The correct diagnosis was delayed at a mean of 2.2 years from onset of the disease. The incidence of abnormal EEG discharge could be enhanced by hyperventilation, photic stimulation and sleep. Sixteen patients who had received carbamazepine or phenytoin were experienced aggravation of seizures. Forty-five patients who received monotherapy with sodium valproate remained seizure-free in a follow-up longer than 0.5 years. Conclusions Failure to recognize JME may result in uncontrolled seizures, and even aggravated of seizures by using antiepilepsy drugs. Effective treatment was achieved with small doses of sodium valproate.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of anticoagulation complication,heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT),induced by low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) after joint replacement.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations,treatment and prognosis of 4 patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) suffered from HIT induced by LMWH.Results The morbidity rate of HIT induced by LMWH was 0.3％(4/1376).Platelets were found less than 70 × 109/L after 4-9 d,minimum to 16 × 109/L.Different level of cardiorespiratory distress and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis all appeared.Once diagnosed,patients were immediately stopped using LMWH and replaced with argatroban,fondaparinux or rivaroxaban and warfarin.Deep vein thrombosis gradually disappeared and cured in 3 patients after treatment.One patient suffered cerebral hemorrhage and multiple pulmonary embolism,received craniotomy hematoma removal and decompressive craniectomy.But the patient didn't wake up after 1-month treatment,became a vegetative one.Conclusions HIT is rare but dangerous,which can result in deep vein thrombosis,pulmonary embolism,cerebral hemorrhage and other serious consequences.Early diagnosis and timely treatment can reduce the rate of disability and mortality.