Neuronal damage is associated with the excessive stimulation of N-Methyl-D- Aspartate (NMDA) receptors by glutamate during cerebral ischemia.Because of non-selective NMDA receptor antagonist can influence all NMDA receptors and produce adverse effects,and its clinical application has been restricted significantly,an increasing attention has been paid to the selective NMDA receptor in recent years.NR2B subunit antagonists are mainly divided into piperidine derivatives,amide derivatives,amidine derivatives,and aminoquinoline derivatives,etc. The representative drugs include ifenprodil and eliprodil.These drugs can selectively act on NMDA receptor NR2B subunit,and they are expected to become safe and effective neuropro- tective agents in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided and nerve stimulator after artificial total knee athroplasty(TKA).Methods Forty elective cases receiving TKA under gen-eral anesthesia were randomly allocated into the ultrasound group (group C)and stimulator group (group S).The time for nerve block,onset time and complications were recorded in both groups. Results Compared to group S,the time for nerve block and onset time was significantly shortened in group C (P <0.05).There was no statistical difference in times of pressing analgesic pump and VAS score in postoperative 48 h.One patient suffered from nerve injury and two underwent vascular dam-age and hematoma in group S,while no complication was found in group C.Conclusion Compared to nerve stimulator,ultrasound-guided continuous femoral nerve block(CFNB)may reduce nerve block time and onset time and decrease complications,so that to increase safety of CFNB.

Objective To observe the immunologic effect of lactoferrin on repeated respiratory infection(IRRI) in children.Methods Ninety-eight cases of IRRI were divided into two groups randomly.The control group (48 cases)were treated with routine therapy.The treatment group(50 cases) were treated with lactoferrin based on routine therapy for 2-3 months.T cell subgroup,immunoglobulin and complements were determined before and after treatment.Results Total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 86% and 22.9% respectively.The therapeutic efficacy in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group(P

Objective To explore the clinical modalities and diagnosis of respiratory failure due to laryngotracheal disorders in children,in order to reduce the misdiagnosis.Methods Fifteen patients(11 cases were male,4 cases were female) with respiratory failure in Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Children′s Hospital from Jul.2006 to Jul.2009 were selected.Data including history,characteristics and results of spiral computerized tomography(CT) and reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were reviewed.Results The major clinical manifestations indicated that 7 cases had laryngeal stridor,6 cases had recurrent pneumonia,5 cases had cyanosis after crying,and 12 patients were complicated with respiratory failure in 12 hours.Nine cases were recovered,3 cases were given up,and 3 cases died.All patients were performed with CT about laryngohypopharynx,and the results were cyst of root of tongue in 3 cases,trachea pressed by cyst of parapharyngeal space in 1 case.There were 11 cases examined by spiral CT and reconstruction,in which 6 cases were confirmed as tracheal stenosis,2 cases were left bifid tracheostoma,2 cases were pulmonary artery sling,and 1 case was diagnosed as tracheomalacia.Chest X-ray radiograph indicated that bronchopneumonia in 8 cases,bronchitis in 3 cases and negative in 4 cases.Echocardiograph examination was performed among 11 cases,in which 2 cases were pulmonary artery sling,2 cases were atrial septal defect,1 case was patent ductus arteriosus, and 6 cases were negative.Conclusions There is high morbidity of respiratory failure caused by laryngotracheal disorders in infants,but misdiagnosis ccures usually because of non-specific symptoms.If the infant must depend on mechanic ventilation for a long time and has airway obstruction,he should be examined early by using spiral CT.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hormones, Ectopic ; secretion ; Humans ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Keratin-8 ; metabolism ; Myelolipoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secretion ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To perform a biomechanical study on and compare the stability of internal fixation with closed Kirschner wire in different spots from the epicondylus medialis to sulcus nervi ulnaris and epicondylus lateralis of humerus in the treatment of GartlandⅢsupracondylar fractures of humerus in children in order to provide basis for avoiding cubitus varus in clinic.Methods Twenty models of su- pracondylar fractures were made from ten humerus samples,then divided into two groups(group A and group B).They were fixed with closed Kirschner'wires.Ulnar Kirschner wire varied.In group A five spots were selected averagely from the epicondylus medialis to the sulcus nervi ulnaris.Kirschner wires entered from one of the five spots into another spot of humerus.In group B Kirschner wires entered defferent spots of humerus from the central spot of sulcus nervi ulnaris.Biomechanical tests were carried out,such as axial load,axial displacement,stress intensity,axial rigidity and anti-twisty ability.Forty-six children with Gart- landⅢsupracondylar fracture of humerus were treated and followed up for more than one year.Results In beth groups,with the angle of Kirschner wires and fracture side increasing,the strain and the vertical displacement decreased,the stress intensity and the axial rigidity increased,and the anti-twists ability was enhanced.There was statistic difference(P＜0.05).The follow-up of the 46 patients showed the elbow joint function recovered well with no cubitus varus malformation.Conclusion Internal fixation with closed Kirschner wires in sulcus nervi ulnaris from the epicondylus medialis and the epicondylns lateralis of humerus for GartlandⅢsupracondylar fracture of humerus in children has the advantages of enhancing bio- mechanical stability,effective prevention of secondary replacement of outlying black of the fracture and a- voidance of cubitus varus.It can be widely used clinically.

Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bifidobacterium ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Liver Function Tests ; Parenteral Nutrition ; methods ; Rabbits

Rice straw degradation with white rot fungi and cellulose multienzyme was studied. The results indicated that the LiP, MnP activity produced by P. chrysosoporium 172 could reach 28.3U/g and 12.6U/g respectively under suitable culture condition. And the lignin was degraded efficiently in contrast with the cellulose and hemicellulose in rice straw solid fermentation. Following treatment with white rot fungi, using multienzyme produced by A. niger NL-1 could greatly accelerate the decomposition of rice straw. The decomposition rate of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the loss rate of dry material were 53.8%,57.8%,44.5% and 46.3% respectivity when hydrolysis rice straw 48h with cellulase multienzyme (including 3 IU /g rice straw) after culture P. chrysosoporium 172 for 10 days. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed the cell wall of rice straw was destroyed severely, and the whole tissue got loosely. These results demonstrated the rice straw had been decomposed efficiently and completely.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods A total of 260 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,sham group,CLP model group,the large dose rHuEPO (5000 U/kg)group,the middle dose rHuEPO (1000 U/kg) group,and the small dose rHuEPO (500 U/kg) group.The rat models of sepsis were established by CLP.In treatment groups,rats were treated with rHuEPO through caudalis injection after CLP surgery.Each group was divided into 2-,6-,12-,24-,36-hour subgroups with 10 rats.Rats were sacrificed and the tissue samples including kidney and blood samples were collected.The kidney function,plasma cytokines [interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)],kidney injury moleclue 1 (KIM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)were measured.Cytokines were determined by ELISA method.The expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) protein in kidneys were detected by immnunohistochemistry method.Pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy for cytokine content and apoptosis.Results Compared with CLP model group,renal function,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,KIM-1 and iNOS in serum,the expression of NF-κB,significantly decresed in large dose rHuEPO group (all P ＜ 0.05).rHuEPO also lessened the histological changes in large dose group.rHuEPO did not lessen the histological changes in others.Conclusion rHuEPO can inhibit the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and iNOS in serum,thus modify the inflammatory response and provide protective effects against acute kidney injury induced by sepsis.