BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow stroma are able to differentiate into multiple mesoderm-type cell lineages. Because of the ease of their isolation and their extensive differentiated potentiality, mesenchymal stem cells become potential resource of cell and gene therapy. OBJECTIVE: To summarize biological characteristics and application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:An online search of Pubmed was undertaken by using the keywords of "Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, gene therapy, transplant"to identify the relevant articles published in English from January 1999 to December 2006. At the same time,Wanfang database was undertaken to identify the relevant articles published between January 1999 and December 2006 with the key words of "Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, gene therapy, transplant" in Chinese.The data were selected primarily, and then quotations of each article were checked. Inclusive criterion:The articles related to the biological characteristics and application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were included. Exclusive criteria:the articles with repetitive research or Meta analysis were excluded.Totally 95 relevant articles were selected and 78 of them met the inclusive criterion. The 45 excluded articles were of old or repetitive content. LITERATURE EVALUATION: Selected articles were on basic experiment or clinical study of the biological characteristics, cell transplantation and gene therapy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Totally 33 articles of the 78 articles met the inclusive criterion were included. Of them, 4 articles were on the isolation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, 3 on surface marker of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, 6 on biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, 3 on immune response between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and host and 17 on the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on disease therapy. DATA SYNTHESIS: In the suitable condition, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into multiple cells, such as bone, chondrocytes, fat, muscle, tendon, neuron-like cells, myocardial cells and stroma-cells that support hematopoietic stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells seem to be the cells of immunosuppression and low-down immunogenicity. It makes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells used in systemic transplantation, local implantation, as a vehicle for genes in gene therapy protocols or to generate transplantable tissues and organs in tissue engineering protocols. The results of these initial trials are very encouraging in animal test and several clinical trials are successful in some patients. But the enough clinical trails and long-term safety of therapeutics based on bone mesenchymal stem cells are needed. CONCLUSION: Biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been gradually recognized. It is hoped that using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in clinic will bring major advances in the therapy of some diseases.

BACKGROUND: Compared to those original viruses systems, adeasy adenovirus, a recombinant adenoviral system widely used in recent years, based on viruses with a deletion of both El and E3, reported by T.C. He in 1998, is an improved one. It simplifies the generation and production of such viruses and expedite the process of generating and testing recombinant adenoviruses using homologous recombination in bacteria rather than in eukaryotic cells. Moreover, it can be conveniently followed with the aid of green fluorescent protein encoded by EGFP gene incorporated into the viral backbone.OBJECTIVE: To construct the recombinant adenovirus and to evaluate them by transfect them to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)and detect the expression of target gene hlGF-I at gene and protein levels.DESIGN: Repetitive measurement wail.SETTING: The Institute of Pediatric Research, Chongqing University of Medical Science.METHODS: The study was performed at the Institute of Pediatric Research, Chongqing University of Medical Science from November 2004 to March 2005. After the amplification of truncated hlGF-1 gene from pcDNA3.l-hlGF-I by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the gene fragment was inserted into the shuttle plasmid pAdtrack-CMV for homologous recombination with backbone plasmid pAdeasy-I in bacteria BJ5183 to get adenovirus.Ad-hlGF-1. The high titer adenovirus supernatant was obtained by repeated transducing of HEK 293 cells by adenovirus harvested after confirmation of the adenovirus structure. As target cells,MSCs were infected with adenovirus earned target gene, hIGF-1, to determine the expression of hlGF-1 gene.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The construction of recombinant adenovirus vector;② the expression of target gene hIGF-1 in HEK 293 cells and the proper multiplicity of infection (MOI); ③ hIGF-1 gene expression in MSCs.RESULTS: The adenovirus vector based on adeasy system was constructed successfully and the Ad-hlGF transducing was successfully or efficiently expressed in MSCs cells. The ideal expression of harvested recombinant adenovirus in MSCs was detected by fluorescence microscope, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and Western Blot.CONCLUSION: Adenovirus vector is an effective vector tools for gene expression and wansfection of MSCs. MSCs transduced with Ad-hIGF-1 maybe another option to gene-modified seed cells for articular cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes and survivorship of fixed bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the risk factor for failure.Methods Between June 1993 and April 2002,285 Chinese patients accepted TKA with cemented fixed bearing platform in our center,and 226 patients (246 knees) were successfully followed up.The age was (62.2±9.4) years at index operation.The survivorship of TKA and the related impact factor were analyzed.The hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score,range of motion (ROM) and radiological results were studied at the final follow-up.Results One hundred and sixty patients (177 knees) were followed up longer than 10 years.Survival rate was 93.6％±1.7％ at 10years,92.8％±1.8％ at 15 years,with reoperation of the implant as the endpoint.Main reasons for failure were infection and aseptic loosening.There were no statistically difference in survival rate between posterior cruciate ligament retaining and posterior stabilizing group,patellar resurfacing and non-resurfacing,rheumatic arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients.Meanwhile,RA patients had lower longterm survivorship compared with OA patients.HSS knee score of 96 of the knees increased from 56.58±11.05 preoperatively to 92.29±10.95 postoperatively,and ROM increased from 84.8°±24.0° preoperatively to 99.7°±17.6° postoperatively.Totally,15 knees underwent revision surgery with the relating reason of infection for 10 knees,aseptic loosening for 3,and stiffness for 1 knee.Conclusion Fixed bearing TKA can fulfill satisfactory long-term clinical results,with more than 90％ of 10-year survival rate.The strategy for posterior cruciate ligament,patellar and preoperative diagnosis has no statistically impact on the long-term survivorship.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain and low limb disability are classical symptoms of patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis who are often treated with operative internal fixation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the improvement of low-back pain and low-limbs disability of patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis following the treatment with general spine system(GSS).DESIGN: Self control clinical study with patients as subjects.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis combined with lumbar stenosis, including 10 males and 6 females with the average age of 58.5 years(ranged from 42 to 72 years) received treatment in our hospital between September 2001 and December 2001. Patients with low back pain were found in 16 cases and low-limb claudication in 15cases; preoperative spondylolisthesis of grade I was observed in 10 cases and grade Ⅱ in 6 cases.METHODS: After receiving lumbar canal decompression by spinal process and GSS for restoring spondylolisthetic vertebra, as well as internalfixation and lumbar fusion operation, patients were followed up at postoperative week 2 and month 1,3,6,12,18,24 for assessing the low-back pain and low-limb disability and meanwhile preoperative spondylolisthesis and postoperative restroration were also assessed with X-ray.RESULTS: Totally 16 patients were followed up for an average of21.2appeared in 15 out of 16 patients, and intermittent claudication resumed to time of follow-up revealed that all spondylolisthetic vertebra were restored with restoring rate of 100% (16/16).CONCLUSION: GSS was proved of satisfactory therapeutic effect in patients with spondylolisthesis by obviously improving their low-back pain and intermittent claudication.

Low frequency sensorineural deafness is a common subtype of idiopathic sudden deafness. Certain patients suffered recurrent attacks without vertigo, much alike Meniere's disease. Few of them developed into definite Meniere's disease during long-term follow-up in many clinical studies. Although the pathophysiology of recurrent low frequency deafness is yet unknown, the desease is considered associated with early state of endolymphatic hydrops or migraine. Otologists shall be aware of its clinical course and careful explanation is necessary at time of initial informed consent.
Endolymphatic Hydrops ; complications ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; complications ; diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; complications ; Vertigo

Castleman Disease ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism ; Thoracic Diseases ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Wall ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease and its involvement area in colon is influenced by a complex network of gene interactions.We analyzed the weighted gene co-expression networks in microarray dataset from colonic mucosa of patients with UC and identified one gene co-expression module that was highly associated with the progression of involved area in UC colon (Pearson coefficient=0.81,P＜0.0001).In total,523 hub genes in this module were found to be involved in immune system process after enrichment analysis in Gene Ontology.By the STRING and Cytoscape analysis,we observed that interleukin-8 (IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were centered in the network of hub genes.We then detected the expression of IL-8 and MMP-9 in mucosa from left-sided colon of patients using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay respectively.Both quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay revealed the expression levels of IL-8 and MMP-9 were significantly different among the healthy controls,left-sided colitis group and pancolitis group (P＜0.05).IL-8 and MMP-9 were detected with an enhanced expression in pancolitis as compared with left-sided colitis and healthy controls,respectively (P＜0.05).This study demonstrates that immune system process is indispensable in the progression of disease in colon,and identifies that IL-8 and MMP-9 play potential critical roles for the progression.

We report one case of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia type 2 (AML-M2) who presented with karyotypic aberration of trisomy 21 with the t(5;ll) chromosomal translocation.The patient achieved complete remission after two cycles of chemotherapy of daunorubicin,cytarabine and etoposide.Then,follow-up cytogenetic analysis from bone marrow cell cultures demonstrated a normal karyotype of 46,XY.After 9 years,the patient relapsed and the karyotypic abnormalities of trisomy 21 with t(5;ll) reappeared.It was concluded that trisomy 21 with t(5;11) is a new unfavorable cytogenetic aberration in AML-M2.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative CT-guided hardening agent localization.Methods From December 2010 to January 2012,27 patients with 29 solitary pulmonary nodules who had undergone CT-guided hardening agent localization and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were studied.Results All cases were underwent CT-guided hardening agent localization successfully,and no patient had serious complication that required any intervention.The diameter of nodules ranged from 3 to 21 mm as measured by CT[mean (11.27 ± 6.32) mm].The distance between the center of nodule and visceral pleural ranged from 4 to 38 mm[mean (14.45 ± 4.32) mm].Conversion from VATS to thoracotomies was not necessary during the diagnostic resection procedure nodules.29 solitary pulmonary nodules underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection,and no intra-or postoperative mortality or morbidity was recorded.Conclusion CT-guided hardening agent localization before video-assisted thoracoscopic solitary pulmonary nodule resection is a safe and effective procedure for accurate diagnosis and resection of indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules.

Objective To explore the change of glyoxalase I in type 2 diabetic ocular muscles palsy (DOMP) and its associations with advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and oxidative stress. Methods 58 DOMP patients, 50 T2DM and 30 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Levels of blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, serum glyoxalase I, AOPP, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were measured. Homeostasis model assessment was performed to evaluate the status of insulin resistance (IR). Results Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SOD and T-AOC were positively correlated with glyoxalase I and inversely associated to AOPP. Levels of triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , fasting blood glucose , hemoglobin A1c , IR and MDA were negatively correlated with glyoxalase I and positively related to AOPP. AOPP had an inverse association with glyoxalase I (r = -0.823, P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that serum levels of glyoxalase I (Sβ = 0.554) and AOPP (Sβ= -0.469) were influencing factors of groups. Conclusion Serum glyoxalase I levels were significantly decreased in DOMP and correlated with AOPP and levels of oxidative stress , which suggest that glyoxalase I could play crucial roles on the development of DOMP.