To clarify the origin and development of the traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo" with medicinal literatures. Medical literatures of past dynasties were analysed and combined with the modern material. The "Duhuo" in Herbal writing Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing include traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo", "Qianghuo" was separated from "Duhuo" due to the distinguish of clinical application. The origin of "Qianghuo" is Notopterygium incisum and N. forbesii, However, The origin of "Duhuo" is very complex, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata as authentic "Duhuo" was used from Song Dynasty. "Qianghuo" was originated from "Duhuo".
Angelica ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Geography ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research ; Species Specificity

Objective To explore the safety of the laparoscopic surgery in radical resection for different stage rectal cancer.Methods Clinical data of 200 cases with rectal cancer underwent laparoscopic radical resection(observation group) were analyzed retrospectively,including 52 cases of stage 0-Ⅰ,148 cases of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ.Two hundred cases patients with rectal cancer underwent open radical surgery were selected as control group,including 44 cases of stage 0-Ⅰ,156 cases of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ.The length to distal resection margin,the number of harvested lymph nodes,the incidence of postoperative complications and the prognosis of recent situation were observed,the safety of the laparoscopic surgery was analyzed.Results Whether rectal cancer of stage 0-Ⅰ or Ⅱ-Ⅲ,there were no significant differences in terms of the length of distal resection margin((2.5±0.9) cmvs.(2.4±1.1) cm,t=0.490,P=0.625;(3.1±1.0) cm vs.(3.2±1.3) cm,t=0.749,P=0.454),the number of harvested lymph nodes((12.3±4.2) vs.(12.7±3.9),t=0.480,P=0.632;(13.9±5.4) vs.(15.1±4.9),t=2.369,P=0.118),the incidence of postoperative complications (17.3％ vs.18.2％,x2 =0.012,P=0.911;27.7％ vs.28.8％,x2=0.049,P=0.825),the rate of local recurrence(1.9％vs.2.3％,x2 =0.014,P =1.000;4.1％ vs.3.2％,x2=0.157,P=0.692),the distant metastasis (3.8％ vs.2.3％,x2=0.195,P=1.000;5.4％ vs.4.5％,x2=0.137,P=0.712) and 3-year survival rate (96.2％vs.95.5％,x2=0.010,P=0.808;83.8％ vs.85.3％,x2=0.132,P=0.714) between the observation group and control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion For rectal cancer of stage 0-Ⅰ,laparoscopic surgery has good safety,and worthy of popularization and application.For rectal cancer of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ,due to its operation for a long time as well as the possible risk in postoperative anastomotic fistula,the implementation of laparoscopic surgery should be more cautious.

Purpose To investigate the CT gemstone spectral imaging features of gastric stromal tumors (GST), so as to discuss the value of CT gemstone spectral imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of GST. Materials and Methods Thirty patients with GST proved pathologically were scanned by gemstone spectral imaging. Their GSI scanning image data and the related clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, and the quantitative analysis based on iodine content of the lesions in both arterial phase and portal phase was carried out. Results The GSI findings showed that the lesions were intra-luminal, extra-luminal or both intra-and extra-luminal soft tissue mass, the sizes were various, and they protruded either toward the inner side of stomach or the opposite or both. Among them, the diameter of 4 tumors in the low risk group ranged from 1 to 5 cm; in the intermediate risk group, 3 tumors had diameters from 1 to 5 cm, and 3 others were from 6 to 19 cm; in high-risk group, 18 tumors' diameter were between 6 to 9 cm, 2 were between 1 to 5 cm, and the rest 1 had multiple lesions in various sizes. Fifteen tumors occurred in gastric body, 10 occurred in gastric antrum, 4 were at the bottom of the stomach, and 1 had multifocal growth. Sixteen patients had internal and external growth of lesions, among whom 14 patients were at high risk; 10 patients' lesions were outside the cavity, including 6 patients at high risk and 1 patient at low risk; and 4 patients had lesions inside the cavity, including 3 patients at low risk. At the arterial phase the foci mildly strengthened, and they strengthened increasingly at the portal phase. The material value based water and iodine figure showed that material value based iodine of the lesions at both arterial phase and portal phase was higher than that in the normal gastric wall tissue, and the material value based iodine of the lesions at portal phase was higher than that at arterial phase (F=378.6 and 296.6, P<0.05). At arterial phase, the iodine content of the lesions in the mucosa was slightly higher than that in the submucosa and muscular layer (t= - 2.245, P<0.05). Conclusion CT gemstone spectral imaging can accurately show the external forms and internal changes of GST lesions and iodine content measurement can provide quantitative diagnostic information, therefore they can provide more effective information for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To explore the value of preoperative spleen-liver volume ratio (SLVR) for predicting recurrence of primary liver cancer after hepatectomy.Methods Clinical data of 86 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy were analyzed retrospectively from January 2009 to December 2014.According to the preoperative SLVR,these patients were divided into two groups:SLVR ＜ 0.8 group (low SLVR group) and SLVR≥0.8 group (high SLVR group).Patients were followed-up until June 2015.Cox ratio risk pattern analysis was used for the recurrent correlative factors.Results The 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates were 95.5％,88.6％,and 81.8％ in the low SLVR group,and 73.8％,47.6％,and 40.5％ in the high SLVR group,respectively.The difference were statistically significant between two groups (P ＜0.05).Cox regression analysis revealed that SLVR≥0.8,AFP-L3％ ≥10％,the maximum diameter of the tumor ＞ 5 cm,and hepatic or portal vein tumor thrombus were independent predictors of poor disease-free survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinomas (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Preoperative SLVR≥0.8 is an independent adverse predictor of poor disease-free survival.

To clarify the origin and application development of the traditional Chinese medicine " Zi-hua Qianhu" and " Qianhu", the medicinal literatures of past dynasties and modern researches were analysed. The plant Angelica decursivum was used as a substitute for traditional Chinese medicine "Angelica sinensis Radix" for a long historical period, it is used incorrectly for traditional Chinese medicine "Qianhu" due to origin research in modern times. The plant origin of "Qianhu" is Peucedanum praeruptorum. There are significant differences in clinical applications and chemical composition of the two drugs. The same efficacy description of "Zi-huaQianhu" and "Qianhu" could not stop "Zi-huaQianhu" used as "Qianhu" in practical application. Therefore, we need to further research for the plant A. decursivum, delimit its medicinal attribution.
Angelica ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Pharmacopoeias as Topic ; history ; Phytotherapy ; history

The excipient processing is an essential part of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and understanding its scientific connotations is a critical scientific issue that urgently needs resolution. Building upon a foundation where the composition of traditional Chinese medicine substances is fundamentally clear, this paper applies the techniques and methods of chemoinformatics to the study of the excipient processing mechanism. Relevant information on traditional Chinese medicines processed with four kinds of excipients (wine, vinegar, salt and honey) was collected, including properties, taste, meridian tropism, chemical components, etc. Molecular descritors and skeletons corresponding to each chemical component were calculated using chemoinformatics to characterize the properties and structural features of the components. Characteristic components associated with the four excipients (wine, vinegar, salt and honey) were explored through multivariate statistical analysis and Murcko skeleton analysis. Further analysis, taking honey-processed Astragali Radix as an example, the focus was on the impact of the processing excipient honey on the solubility and permeability of its characteristic pharmacologically active components (isoflavones). It was discovered that the excipient honey can increase their solubility and permeability, emphasizing that the impact of processing excipients on the pharmacological classification properties is a key breakthrough in elucidating the mechanism of excipient processing. In summary, this study analyzed the characteristic components associated with the processing excipients "wine, vinegar, salt and honey" based on their composition characteristics, providing data support for the research on the mechanism of excipient processing from a biopharmaceutical perspective.

OBJECTIVEThe present study investigated the effects of rapamycin on Aβ1-42-induced deficits in working memory and synaptic plasticity.

METHODSAfter bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 and rapamycinin rats, spontaneous alternation in Y-maze and in vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) of rats were recorded. All data were analized by two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS(Hippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 alone impaired working memory of rats; (2) Rapamycin did not affect working memory of rats, but alleviated Aβ1-42-induced working memory deficits, compared with Aβ1-42 alone group; (Aβ1-42 remarkably suppressed in vivo hippocampal LTP of fEPSPs in the CA1 region; (4) Pretreatment with rapamycin prevented Aβ1-42-induced suppression of LTP.

CONCLUSIONThese data indicates that rapamycin could protect against Aβ1-42-induced impairments in working memory and synaptic plasticity in rats.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Maze Learning ; Memory, Short-Term ; drug effects ; Neuronal Plasticity ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology

Designing of natural product-like compounds using natural products as template structures is an important strategy for the discovery of new drugs. Gambogic acid (GA), which is a Garcinia natural product with a unique caged xanthone scaffold, inhibits potent antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarized the researches on the identification of the antitumor pharmacophore of GA, and the design, structural optimization and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of natural product-like caged xanthones based on it.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Biological Products ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Garcinia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Xanthones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

To analysis the differences between Tripterygium wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum, specimens of their leaves were collected from five production regions and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The data were analyzed by multivariate statistical method, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal signal correction partial least square discrimination (OPLS-DA). Potential markers with VIP values above 5.0 and corresponding r values above 0.85, were selected and further tested by combining mann-Whitney nonparametric. Those with P < 0.001 and AUC = 1 were confirmed as metabolite markers to discriminate them from each other. Results revealed that the two species were obviously different in their leaf metabolites. Based on their mass spectra, 23 potential metabolite markers were identified to distinguish T. wilfordii from T. hypoglaucum.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; classification ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of auscultation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in end-expiration (PETCO2), transillumination technique to judge whether the endotracheal tube is misplaced into the esophagus. Methods A blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted. Sixty patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) gradeⅠ-Ⅱundergoing endotracheal intubation in Fengxian Central Hospital admitted from September 2014 to February 2015 were enrolled. Two endotracheal tubes with the same size were respectively inserted into the trachea and esophagus for the same depth after general anesthesia by the same person. Two blinded anesthetists with different experience checked the tube position using three methods including auscultation, PETCO2, and transillumination technique, respectively. The order of the tubes tested (trachea or esophagus) and the method used were randomized according to randomise numbers table. The experienced anesthetists conducted the test first, followed by an inexperienced anesthetist conducting the same methods. The numbers of right and wrong determinations with different methods by different anesthetists were recorded.Results Sixty patients underwent the procedures for 180 times, with intratracheal intubation for 90 times, and esophageal intubation for 90 times. It was shown that the results were not different in two groups [96.7% (174/180) vs. 92.2% (166/180),χ2 = 3.500,P = 0.057]. By using auscultation, the correct rate of experienced anesthetist was higher than that of inexperienced (95.0% vs. 78.3%,χ2 = 5.786,P = 0.013). Using PETCO2, both anesthetists were correct in all cases, and the accuracy was 100%. Using transillumination, the experienced anesthetist was mistaken in 3 cases (accuracy was 95.0%), while the inexperienced mistook in 1 case (accuracy was 98.3%), and no significant difference was found between two groups (χ2 = 0.500,P = 0.250). The correct rate of using transilluminaion was significantly higher than that of using auscultation (χ2 = 7.563,P = 0.004). The sensitivity and specificity of the auscultation was 70.0% and 80.0%, that of transillumination technique was 96.7% and 93.3%,and PETCO2 was 100%, respectively, for two groups.ConclusionsPETCO2 is the most reliable method for determining tube position, and it is superior to auscultation and transilluminaion. Transillumintaion technique is superior to auscultation, irrespective of anesthetists' experience, while the accuracy of auscultation showed an obvious relationship with the anesthetists' experience.