0.1 mV. The rabbits were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 12 animals in each group: Ⅰ control group in which normal saline 0.2-0.3 ml?kg-1 was injected through epidural catheter; Ⅱ epidural group in which 1% lidocaine 2-3 mg?kg-1 was injected epidurally; Ⅲ propofol group in which propofol was infused iv at 20 mg ? kg-1 ?h-1 for 30 min; Ⅳ combined epidural-propofol group in which epidural 1% lidocaine and propofol iv were both administered. Blood samples were taken before and 4 h, 8 h after ligation for determination of serum concentrations of myocardial troponin I (cTn I ) and MDA and serum SOD activity.The myocardial tissue was taken from the infarct area for determination of the apoptotic myocyte count (TUNEL) and p53 and Bcl-2 protein expressions (LSAB) . Results In control group serum cTn I and MDA increased and SOD decreased significantly after ligation of LAD. Thoracic epidural anesthesia, propofol iv infusion and especially the combination of them suppressed the increase in serum cTn I and MDA and decrease in serum SOD induced by ligation of LAD.In epidural-propofol group and propofol group the apoptotic myocytes count and p53 protein expression significantly decreased, the Bcl-2 protein expression increased as compared with those in control group. Conclusion Thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with propofol can significantly protect myocardium from injury induced by myocardial infarction. This action is mediated by the depression of myocyte apoptosis and the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals.

Objective To investigate the effects of right or left transaction of cervical sympathetic trunk (TCST) on left ventricalar remodeling (LVRM) after acute myocardial infarction in rats and the mechanism. Methods Sixty-four adult mule pathogen-free SD rats (230-250 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=16 each): group Ⅰsham operation (group S) ; group Ⅱ LVRM; group Ⅲ left TCST and group Ⅳ right TCST. Myocardial infarct was induced by ligation of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Left and right TCST were performed immediately after myocardial infarct was successfully induced in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively. In group S LAD and cervical sympathetic trunk were exposed but not ligated and transected. The animals were killed at 4 weeks after ligation of LAD and TCST. The weight of left ventricle was measured and left ventricle weight index calculated, Left veatricular myocardial tissue volume (V_t), the volume density of myocardial cells (V_v) and myocardial cell volmne (V_c) were quantitatively analyzed by stereological method. The c-fos mRNA expression in myocardium was determined by RT-PCR. Results The left ventricle weight index, V_t, V_c and c-fos mRNA expression were significantly increased in group LVRM (Ⅱ), left and right TCST (Ⅲ, Ⅳ) as compared with group S. Left ventricle weight index, V_v, V_t, V_c and c-fos mRNA expression were all significantly decreased in fight TCST group (Ⅳ), while left ventricle weight index, V_t, V_c and c-fos mRNA expression were significantly increased in left TCST group (Ⅲ) as compared with LVRM group (Ⅱ). Conclusion Right TCST down-regulates the increase in c-fos mRNA expression after acute myocardial infarction and inhibits the left ventricular remodeling while left TCST up-regulates the c-fos mRNA expression and promotes the development of left ventricular remodeling.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RLIP) combined with electro-acupuncture postconditioning (EAP) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Seventy male Sprague-lDawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =14 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,RLIP group,EAP group and RLIP combined with EAP group (group RLIP +EAP).Focal cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).MCAO was maintained for 120 min.The animals were subjected to 3 cycles of 15 min ischemia of bilateral hind limbs followed by 30 s reperfusion starting from onset of reperfusion.Dazhui and Baihui acupoints were stimulated with electric stimulator (frequency 15 Hz/2 Hz,intensity 1 mA) for 30 min starting from onset of reperfusion.Neurological deficit scores (NDSs) were evaluated at 24 h of reperfusion.The animals were then sacrificed and brains were removed to measure the infarct size and for microscopic examination of pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region.The number of survival neurons was counted.The apoptosis in neurons was determined by TUNEL.Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly increased,and the number of survival neurons was decreased in the other four groups.Compared with group I/R,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly decreased,and the number of survival neurons was increased in EAP,RLIP and RLIP+EAP groups.Compared with RLIP and EAP groups,the NDSs,percentage of cerebral infarct size and AI were significantly decreased,and the number of survival neurons was increased in group RLIP+ EAP.Conclusion The combination of RLIP and EAP provides better efficacy than either alone in attenuating focal cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Diseases, Metabolic ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glutarates ; metabolism ; Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase ; deficiency ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lysine ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Mutation ; Neonatal Screening ; methods ; Radiography

Objective To study the relationship between helicobacter pylori (HP)infection and hemicrania.Methods The serum HP IgG level and ~ 14 C expiration test were detected in patients with HP infected. The patients with hemicrania, health and at attack stage or interval stage or any degree attack stage of hemicrania were observed the condition of HP infection. The curative effect of HP patients treated with traditional method and plus with three combined anti-HP infection treatment was observed.Results The positive rate of HP infected in patients with hemicrania was higher than that of control(81.0% vs 30.96%, P

Objective To assess the value of upper airway narrowing with MSCT under quiet respiration in patients with the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods CT scan of upper airway was performed in 63 patients with OSAHS during inspiration, expiration and quiet respiration respectively with 16-slice spiral CT. The state of the soft palate, the area of the smallest cross-sectional area of retropalatal and retroglossal space of the upper airway during the different respiratory phase were compared. The correlation between these dimensions and the polysomnography (PSG) results were analyzed. Results Some particular pattern of events occurred in 14 patients during the different phase of respiration, such as hooking of the soft palate, raising of the soft palate, artifacts, etc. These events occurred more often in the expiration phase. The cross-sectional area of the retropalatal space was the smallest during quiet breathing. There were statistically significant differences in the smallest cross-sectional area of retropalatal space among different phases of respiration (F=4.602, P＜0.05), also between inspiration and expiration, quiet breathing groups. No statistically significant difference was found between expiration and quiet breathing, nor in the smallest cross-sectional areas of retroglossal space among the three groups (P＞0.05). There was positive correlation between the smallest area of retropalatal space and LSaO_2 in quiet breathing and expiration groups (r=0.511, 0.300, P＜0.05). Conclusion MSCT scan of upper airway may be a better way to evaluate upper airway narrowing under quiet breathing when patients failed to carry out the required mode (keeping exhalation) or some undesirable events occurred.

Tracheal intubation is an important part in clinical teaching of anesthesiology,it is also the basic skill that each anesthesiologist must master.The distinctive feature of visual technology is intuitive visual,meaning operation process and anatomical structure can be seen directly and clearly.Our department tried to teach tracheal intubation with visual technology.Teachers firstly demonstrated standard incubation with video laryngoscope and explained the related basic theoretical knowledge.Then students practiced the intubation in models until becoming skilled,finally students can practice in real patients.The teaching effect of the modified method was better compared with that of traditional method.

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) pretreatment on expression of NF-κB and iNOS in rats with LPS-induced brain injury. Methods One hundred and five male SD rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=21 each): group Ⅰ normal saline (NS);group Ⅱ LPS (L);group Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ PHCD 0.05, 0.15, 0.45 mg/kg (D1,2,3). The animals were anesthetized with chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg. Brain injury was induced by intra-arterial LPS 150 μg administered via left internal carotid artery in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ. In group Ⅲ,Ⅳ, and Ⅴ PHCD 0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally (IP) at 10 min before intra-arterial LPS. The animals were decapitated at 4, 6 and 12 h after administration of PHCD (n=7 at each time point in each group). The brains were immediately removed for determination of water content, expression of NF-κB and iNOS protein and examination with light and electron microscope. Results Water content of the brain and expression of NF-κB and iNOS protein were significantly higher in group L, D1, D2 and D3 than in group NS and were significantly lower in group D2 and D3 than in group L. Intra-arterial LPS produced severe damage to the brain which was significantly attenuated by PHCD in group D2 and D3. Conclusion PHCD 0.15,0.45 mg/kg pretreatment can attenuate LPS-induced brain injury by inhibiting the up-regulation of expression of NF-κB and iNOS.

Objective:Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) speculated to be an endothelial-specific growth factor which protects or repaire the vascular endothelial cells. To test the serum HGF level might be elevated in response to hypertension-induced endothelial cell damage, we measured serum HGF concentrations in normotensive and hypertensive subjects without liver, kidney and other complications.Methods:Eighteen male hypertensive patients and thirteen male normotensive subjects were recruited. All antihypertensive agents were stopped for 2 weeks before the study. The serum HGF concentrations were measured by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:Serum HGF concentrations were 0.32±0.13 ng/ml in normotensive subjects and 0.37±0.27 ng/ml in hypertensive patients. No significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05) was found. Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure did not show any correlation with serum HGF concentrations.Conclusions:This study showed that serum HGF levels did not be increased in male patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Although local HGF is produced rapidly because of the damage of endothelial cells by high blood pressure, the circulating level of HGF did not represent the local changes of HGF production.

Objective To investigate the effects of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) on proliferation and collagen synthesis induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)in SD rat cardiac fibroblasts(CFbs),and determine the role it plays in hypertensive ventricular remodeling.Methods CFbs in SD rat were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of AngⅡ and/or HGF.Collagen type Ⅰ synthesis of CFbs was measured by Western blotting,and proliferation of CFbs was detected by MTT assay. Results AngⅡ promoted collagen synthesis and proliferation in CFbs in a certain concentration range,which can be significantly inhibited by HGF. ConclusionHGF can inhibit the proliferation and collagen synthesis induced by AngⅡin SD rat CFbs,and may protect against hypertensive ventricular remodeling.