Objective To master the status of"Knowledge Attitude Practice"(KAP)methodology used in China by philological research.Methods Choosing the appropriate key words to retrieve the literatures based on CNKI total library,removing the false one by intensive reading,and analyzing the valid literatures in different ways based on which subject.Results①The amount of related literatures rising steadily from the middle of 1990's and remarkably since 2000.②The over 2000 valid literatures were mostly distributed in the healthcare field,and the most common subjects related in which were disease control,nourishment,smoking control,sex,conception control,drug abuse etc.③Not all of the research reported in the literatures performed the 3 core elements of KAP, and most of the literatures did not mention about the special interference on the targets,let alone the result analysis of the interference.④There were few literature whose main topic is KAP methodology.⑤The terms used for representing the KAP concept are not standardized.Conclusion ①The KAP methodology had been introduced into China and had been widely used in many fields.but the Chinese concept and terms of which should be more standardized,and the usage of which in some special application should be more advanced.②The KAP methodology Can be used and should be useful in TCM healthcare monitoring.

Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)on expressions of tumon necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and inter leukin-6(IL-6) in rats after focal cerebral ischemia and to explore its neuroprotective mechanism.Methods A total of 36 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=12),model group (n=12) and rhEPO treatment group (n=12).The suture method to make permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model was adopted.rhEPO treatment group was injected with rhEPO 5000 U/kg intraperitoneally after 2 h of ischemia,whereas model group and sham-operated group were given identical saline at the same time.All rats were decapitated after 24 h of ischemia.6 rats were randomly selected in each group and the infarct volume of groups were measured by Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC)staining method.The expressions of TNF-α,IL-6 in other rats were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results No infarction was found in sham-operated group.Percentage of infarct volume in model group and rhEPO group were (36.672.40)％ and (27.49± 1.47)％,respectively.Compared with the model group,the volume of infarction in rhEPO group was significantly reduced.Cells stained by immunohistochemistry showed that The numbers of TNF-α-positive cells in the 3 groups were 9.001.41,27.83±2.48,17.50±1.87 and IL 6 positive cells were 8.94±2.31,20.33±3.53,14.83±1.70,respectively.Compared with sham operated group,the expressions of TNF-α and IL 6 in model group were significantly increased (q=16.1,19.6,P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the expressions of TNF α and IL-6 in rhEPO group were significantly decreased (q=8.19,3.44,all P＜0.01).Conclusions rhEPO can decrease the infarct volume in SD rats after acute focal cerebral ischemic injure.rhEPO might exert its neuroprotective effect by reducing the expressions of TNF α and IL-6.

Objective To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rat model. Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control (group A,n=12),BPH model (group B,n=12) and BPH+selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (group C,n=12). At the 5th week after treatment, the weight of the prostates was measured, and the morphological changes were examined under light microscope.Detection of ki-67 and TUNEL in prostatic epithelial and stromal cells was undertaken to assess the proliferation and apoptosis status.The protein and mRNA expression of COX-2,epidermal growth factor (EGF),basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) were analyzed by means of immunohistochemisty and RT-PCR. Results The prostate index [prostate wet weight (mg)/rat body weight (g)] of group B was significantly higher compared with those in groups A and C (1.88?0.17 vs 1.70?0.09 and 1.74?0.16,P0.05). Conclusions The increased expression of COX-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of BPH by modulating the expression of growth factors and affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of nitric oxide(NO)on the prostatic proliferation/apoptosis in rat models. Methods Twenty adult male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.Group 1 were normal controls (n=6);group 2 (n=7) and group 3 (n=7) were treated with subcutaneous injection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor-L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg, bid, respectively.The weight of the prostate was measured after 2 weeks and morphological changes were examined with light microscope.Detection of ki-67 and TUNEL in prostatic epithelial cells were undertaken so as to assess the proliferation and apoptosis index.The protein and mRNA expression of NOS were analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results The prostate weight of 3 groups was not significantly different.Compared with group 1, remarkable atrophy of prostatic epithelial cells,marked decrease in proliferation rate of epithelial and interstitial cells, and significant increase in apoptosis rate of epithelial cells were noted in group 2 and group 3 (P

0.05). Conclusions The expression of angiotensinⅡincreases in BPH tissues in rats. It is suggested that angiotensinⅡmay affect cell proliferation but not significantly affect cell apoptosis of the rat prostate.

Objective To evaluate the results and toxic effects in three dimensional radiotherapy (3DCRT)with late course accelerated hyper-fractionation for advanced esophageal carcinoma.Methods From December 2001 to December 2003,115 patients were randomly divided into two groups:in 3DCRT group,55 patients were given late course accelerated hyper-fractionation radiotherapy to a total close of 66 Gy (2.0 Gy per fraction,5 times per week;to a dose of 36 Gy were changed into 1.5 Gy/f,2 f/d).In CF group,60 patients were given late course accelerated hyper-fractionation radiotherapy to a total dose of 66 Gy.Results The 1-, 2-,3-,4-year survival rates in 3DCRT group were 63.6 %, 50.9 %, 38.2 %, 30.9 % compared to 58.3 %, 38.3 %,33.3 %,23.3 % in CF group(X~2=4.44,P=0.031),and local control rates in 1-,2-,3-,and 4- years in 3DCRT group were 72.7 %,58.1%,47.2 % and 36.3 %,compared to 53.3 %,40 %,28.3 %,and 20 %(X~2=5.33,P=0.013)in CF group.However,in the 3DCRT group,the incidence of acute esophagitis was similar to CF group; hematogenous toxic and acute bronchitis were similar between the two groups. Late course lung injury in CF group was higher than that in 3DCRT group.Conclusion 3DCRT is able to improve the local control rate and survival rate,and unable to improve acute and late radiation toxie effects.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) pretreatment on diaphragmatic function in septic rats.Methods:Twenty-six clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 220-260 g, were divided into 3 groups using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S, n=6), sepsis group (group Sep, n=10) and NRG-1 group (group N, n=10). Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized rats.Group S underwent simple laparotomy.At 30 min before operation, recombinant human NRG-1β 10 μg/kg was injected through tail vein in group N, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in S and Sep groups.At 24 h after operation, the survived rats were sacrificed, and the diaphragm was removed for determination of the contractile function and contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and for examination of the pathological changes (by hematoxylin and eosin staining). Results:Compared with group S, the force-frequency curve was shifted downward, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased ( P<0.01), inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in Sep and N groups.Compared with group Sep, the force-frequency curve was shifted upward , and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased ( P<0.01), inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated in group N. Conclusion:NRG-1 pretreatment can improve diaphragmatic contractile function in septic rats, and the mechanism is related to reducing diaphragmatic inflammatory responses.

Dendrobium officinale is a kind of precious Chinese herbal medicine, which has good effects on the anti-aging, antineoplastic, and blood glucose reducing treatment. It has been listed in the top of “Nine Magic Herbs”, with significant cultural features of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Planting, processing, and cultural base construction of Dendrobium officinale in Hunan Province have obtained great achievements. Further combination of Dendrobium officinale with TCM culture will develop a series portable and convenient tourism products with the features of wide taking habits and large intended population. The planting of Dendrobium officinale should be integrated with ecofallow organically; the construction of science museums about Dendrobium officinale should be improved; the modern view on health maintenance “Health maintenance should focus on Yin nourishment” should be included in TCM cultural tourism in Hunan Province. All of these can improve the potential of tourism product development, meet the living requirements of modern people, and drive the development of tourist industry in Hunan Province.

BackgroundWhether the peeling of the inner limiting membrane (ILMP) increase the closure rate of idiopathic macular hole is still in controversy.Some ophthalmologist recommend vitrectomy combined with inner limiting membrane peeling for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole.However,the removal of ILMP is difficult because of its similar appearance to adjacent tissues.Objective This study was to investigate the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide(TA) and indocyanine green(ICG) double staining-assisted vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling during the surgery.Methods A consecutive case- observational study was designed.The standardized vitrectomy was performed in 25 eye of 23 cases with IMH.During the vitrectomy,TA and ICG were injected into posterior pole vitreous to visualize and assist the ILM peeling.The dying effectiveness was observed,and the closure rate of macular hole,visual acuity,intraocular pressure and complications were evaluated after surgery.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to operation.Results Posterior vitreous cortex and ILM were visible and the residual vitreous and cortex were removed clearly after dying of TA and ICG in all the 25 eyes.During the following-up duration of 3-8 months,the completely anatomical reattachment of the macular area was in 22 eyes ( 88.0％ ) and partially reattachment in 3 eyes( 12.0％ ).The best corrected vision was 0.07-0.60 in all of the operated eyes 2 months after surgery.Conclusions TA and ICG- assisted vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling appears to be a safe and effective method for IMH repair.