Objective To identify differences in the anal sphincter surface electromyography (sEMG)variables in spinal cord injury (SCI) subjects with different severities. Methods One hundred and ten SCI patients' impairments were classified as ASIA A,B,C or D using the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury.The evaluation was pedormed using sEMG equipment with an inserted anal sensor electrode and the Glazer pelvic floor muscle sEMG protocol.The sEMG variables were recorded and compared. Results There was no significant difference in sEMG variables between groups A and B,but the mean and maximum sEMG values of groups C and D in flick contractions ( 1 s),tonic contractions ( 10 s),and endurance contractions (60 s) were significantly higher than those of group A.Compared with group C,the mean and maximum sEMG values of group D were all significantly higher. Conclusions The sEMG data from the anal sphincter during contractions decreases significantly after SCI.Glazer's pelvic floor muscle sEMG protocol is a noninvasive and convenient real-time assessment.It is a useful complementary tool for quantitative assessment of the pelvic floor muscles of SCI patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of paroxetine in the adjuvant treatment of maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)com-plicating depression.Methods 60 patients with MHD complicating depression were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,30 cases in each group.The control group received the routine therapeutical scheme(hemodialysis,complication treatment and correcting the renal anemia,etc).On the basis of the routine therapy the observation group was given oral paroxetine 10 mg/d,once daily for continuous 8 weeks.The depression level was assessed by the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD).The clinical symptoms,levels of Hb,ALB,Kt/V,iPTH,SF and HAMD scores were statistically analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The clinical symptoms,levels of Hb,ALB,Kt/V after 8-week treatment in the two groups were significantly im-proved compared with pretherapy(P<0.05);the level of iPTH,SF and the HAMD scores in the two groups were decreased com-pared with pretherapy(P<0.05).The effective rate of depression was 86.67% in the observation group and 23.33% in the control group,the difference between the two groups had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Paroxetine in the assisted treat-ment of MHD complicating depression symptom can improve the quality of life in MHD patients.

Objective To establish the radiolabeling method for peptide K237 with 131I and investigate the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of 131I-K237 on nude mice bearing human lung cancer.Methods Iodogen method was used for labeling K237. The bioactivity of 131I-K237 was tested by human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC ) proliferation inhibitory assay and the affinity of 131I-K237 was examined by competition binding studies. Twenty-five mice were divided into five groups randomly, including physiologic saline (group 1), K237 (40 μg) (group 2), 131I ( 11. 1 MBq) (group 3), 131I-K237 (K237 40 μg, 11. 1 MBq) intravenously ( group 4), and 131I-K237 ( K237 40 μg, 11.1 MBq) intratumorally (group 5). Injections were repeated at 15 d after the first injection. The tumor growth inhibition rate was calculated. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for testing significant differences of data. Results The inhibition rate of HUVEC proliferation had no significant difference between radiolabeled K237 and unlabeled K237 ( (73.69 ± 5.36) % vs ( 62.68 ± 3.83 ) %, t = 1.67, P ＞ 0.05 ). The growth of transplanted lung cancer was inhibited by 75. 01 % in group 4, 78.99% in group 5, 31.15% in group 2 and 12.61% in group 3, respectively. The average tumor volume of groups 4 and 5 were significantly smaller than that of groups 1,2, and 3 ( F = 15. 233 and 13.611, respectively, P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusion 131I-K237 can be readily radiolabeled and it can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor in nude mice bearing human lung cancer.

Objective To understand the mechanism of cerebral energy failure after hypoxia ischemia at the molecular level and to establish the protocol for the safe and effective treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods One hundred neonatal rats were divided into normal control group and hypoxic-ischemic(HI) group. SD rats of both groups were decapitated at the time of 2 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 7 d after HI.These tissues of cerebrum,cortex and hippocampus were taken out to explore the influence of HI on the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 genes with the method of RT-PCR.Results There was an enhancement in the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 genes with the increasing of day age. The expression was more intense in hippocampus than that in cortex. However, HI could significantly enhance the expression of GLUT genes. The expression was higher in cortex than that in hippocampus. The expression of two genes reached the peak at 24 h after HI, but was significantly lower than that in control group at 7 d after HI.Conclusion The increased expression of GLUT genes can maintain the energy supplement for the brain and delay a cascade reaction of cerebral energy failure.

Objective To study the relationship between lymph node micrometastasis in early gastric cancer and clinicopathology of tumor,and explore an appropriate operative procedure.Methods A total of 1 004 lymph nodes from 50 patients with early gastric cancer(EGC)were sliced and restained with H.E and immunohistochemical technique,respectively.Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method with cytokeratin-specific monoclonal antibody CAM5.2.The relationship between lymph node micrometastasis and clinicopathological characteristics of primary tumors and prognosis of EGC was analysed.Results The incidence of nodal micro-involvement was significantly increased in diffuse type cancerous lesions(n=11,32.35%)as compared with intestinal type cancerous lesions(n=1,6.25%)(P

BACKGROUND: Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus can be used to treat many diseases of cardiovesculer and neurosystem by calming and protecting endothelium and neuron.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of drinking water extracts of Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus on body mass, food intake, energy intakes, serum glucose, insulin, total antioxidative ability of high-fat-fed rats.DESIGN: A completely randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Institute of Physiology, Foundational Medical College of Lanzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment which is Gansu Province Key Labor of Pre-clinical Research for Chinese Herbs & New Drugs was carried out at the Physiological Laboratory of Institute of Foundational Medical College of Lanzhou University from March 2003 to May 2003. Twenty-seven healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the following three groups (9 rats each group): namely, the normal control group, the high-fat-fed group and the Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group.METHODS: [1] The rats of control group were fed with referenced diets(Protein, fat and carbohydrate was made up fore18.2%, 4.5%, 55.2% respectively), while the rats of high-fat-fed and the Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group were fed with high-fat diets in which protein, fat and carbohydrate accounted for 23.7%, 21.6%, 39.0% respectively. [2]The rats in control and high-fat group could drink water freely every day while the rats in Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group drank freely one percent water extract of Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus at the first day of the experiment, later the concentration of Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus increased gradually to six percent at the sixth day, which lasted until the end of the experiment. [3]Food intake was monitored daily, and body mass weekly at set time, the energy intake was calculated on basis of food intake. We calculated the Lee's Index [(body mass)1/3 (g) × 103 / body length (cm)]. [4] At the end of the seventh week, all rats were fasted for twelve hours to collect blood for the measure of some serum items. The serum levels of glucose were determined with hexokinase. The levels of insulin was measured by Radioimmunology methods. Malondiadehyde was measured by thiobarbituricbased colorimetric assay. Total antioxidative ability and free fatty acid were evaluated by colorimetric assay. [5] The difference of quantity data among the tree groups were statistically analyzed by F analysis, while the difference between two groups was analyzed by LSD methods. The main indexes of the experiment were body mass, food intake, energy intake, serum glucose after fasting, insulin, free fatty acid, malondialdehyde and total antioxidative ability respectively.RESULTS: Twenty-seven rats date was analyzed and nine rats in every group. [1] Body mass: Compared with the high-fat-fed group, body mass in rats of the control group and the Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group were less from the end of the third week to the end of the experiment (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).As compared between the Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group and the control group, there was no significant difference from the first week to the sixth week (P ＞ 0.05), while the body mass of the former group was bigger than that of the latter at the end of the seventh week (P ＜ 0.01). [2] Lee's Index of the rats in high-fat-fed group was significantly higher than those of the rats in the control and Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group (P ＜ 0.01).[3] Food intake: From the first week, compared with the control group, the food intake of rats in Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group was less (P ＜ 0.01)and lower than that in high-fat-fed group at the end of the third, fifth, sixth and seventh week, too (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). [4] Energy intake: As the food was high-fat, the Energy intake of rats in the Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group was higher than that of the control group at the end of the first, second and forth week (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), while less than that of the high-fat-fed group at the end of the third, fifth, sixth and seventh week (P ＜ 0.01). [5] The serum glucose: There was no statistical significance among the three groups. [6]The level of serum insulin and malondiadehyde of the rats in high-fat-fed group were higher than that of the control group and the Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus (P ＜ 0.01). [7] The level of free fatly acid of rats in high-fat-fed group was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05), while there wasno statistical difference compared with the Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group. [8] The level of total antioxidative of the rats in high-fat group was lower than that of the Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: [1] Drinking water extracts of Ramulus Uncariae et Uncus could inhibit the weight gain and food intake, [2] reduce level of free radical and insulin of serum, which could be caused by the dec lining of free fatty acid. [3] In the same time, increase the total antioxidative ability of the obese rats caused by high-fat diets.

In order to solve the adhesion and the softening problems of traditional Chinese medicine extract during spray drying, a new method of adding dehumidified air into spray drying process was proposed, and the storage stability conditions of extract powder could be predicted. Kouyanqing extract was taken as model drug to investigate on the wet air (RH = 70%) and dry air conditions of spray drying. Under the dry air condition, the influence of the spray drying result with different air compression ratio and the spray-dried powder properties (extract powder recovery rate, adhesion percentage, water content, angle of repose, compression ratio, particle size and distribution) with 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 °C inlet temperature were studied. The hygroscopic investigation and Tg value with different moisture content of ideal powder were determined. The water activity-equilibrium moisture content (aw-EMC) and the equilibrium moisture content-Tg (EMC-Tg) relationships were fitted by GAB equation and Gordon-Taylor model respectively, and the state diagram of kouyanqing powder was obtained to guide the rational storage conditions. The study found that in the condition of dry air, the extract powder water content decreased with the increase of air compression ratio and the spray drying effect with air compression ratio of 100% was the best performance; in the condition of wet air, the extract powder with high water content and low yield, and the value were 4.26% and 16.73 °C, while, in the dry air condition the values were 2.43% and 24.86 °C with the same other instru- ment parameters. From the analysis of kouyanqing powder state diagram, in order to keep the stability, the critical water content of 3.42% and the critical water content of 0.188. As the water decreased Tg value of extract powder is the major problem of causing adhesion and softening during spray drying, it is meaningful to aid dehumidified air during the process.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humidity ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Powders ; Temperature

Objective To evaluate the role of Janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2-STAT3) signaling pathway in sevoflurane postconditioning-induced inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)in rats.Methods Sixty pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table:I/R group,sevoflurane postconditioning group (group SP),AG-490 group (group AG) and sevoflurane postconditioning plus AG-490 group (group SP+AG).Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min ligation of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion.In group SP,2.8％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 15 min starting from 2 min before reperfusion.JAK2 inhibitor AG-490 3 mg/kg was intravenously injected at 10 min before reperfusion in group AG.In group SP+AG,AG-490 3 mg/kg was intravenously injected at 10 min before reperfusion,and 2.8％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 15 min starting from 2 min before reperfusion.At 15 min of reperfusion,5 rats were sacrificed and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of the expression of JAK2,phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2),STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3)in myocardial tissues by Western blot.The ratios of p-JAK2 to JAK2 expression (p-JAK2/JAK2) and pSTAT3 to STAT3 expression (p-STAT3/STAT3) were calculated.Five rats were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion for measurement of myocardial infarct size.The left 5 rats were selected and sacrificed,myocardial specimens were obtained,and the opening of mPTP was detected by a calcein-cobalt quenching method.Results Compared with group I/R,the myocardial infarct size and mPTP opening were significantly decreased,and JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 were increased in group SP (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in SP+AG and AG groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group SP,the myocardial infarct size was significantly enlarged,the extent of mnPTP opening was aggravated,and JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 were decreased in SP+AG and AG groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane postconditioning inhibits the opening of mPTP during myocardial I/R is related to activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To identify the relationship of pelvic floor muscle surface electromyography (sEMG) variables and the items ofthe International Bowel Function Basic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Data Set in patients with SCI. Methods 180 SCI patients were divided intoGroup A, B, C and D according to the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (American Spinal InjuryAssociation, ASIA). Testi was performed on 180 SCI subjects utilizing sEMG equipment, an inserted anal sensor electrode, and the Glazerprotocol. Questionnaire of the items in the International Bowel Function Basic SCI Data Set were conducted. Results The values of pelvicmuscle sEMG variables were significantly correlated with awareness of the need to defecate, major defecation method, average time requiredfor defecation, frequency of fecal incontinence, need to wear pad or plug (P<0.05), as well as the impairment scale of ASIA (P<0.01).Conclusion Glazer pelvic floor muscle sEMG protocol and questionnaire of the International Bowel Function Basic SCI Data Set are usefulcomplementary methods for the choice of hydrotherapy types in patients with SCI.

Based on the teaching fact and feature of pharmacy specialty. In this article, curriculum location of general microbiology about object, character, function, content design for the higher vocational colleges were disscused. The result would provide some gist to reform teaching methods for microbiology course.