Objective To investigate the clinical effect of distal radioulnar ligament reconstruction by autologous tendon pal‐maris longus transplantation under arthroscopic assistance in treating chronic instability of the distal radioulnar joint .Methods Seven patients with chronic instability of the distal radioulnar joint after failure of conservation therapy were definitely diagnosed by the wrist joint exploration .Then the autologous tendon palmaris longus was taken for conducting the anatomical reconstruction of distal radioulnar ligament ;the average follow up was 12 months .The preoperative and postoperative grip strength and the motion of wrist joint were recorded ;the pain status of the wrist joint was evaluated by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) ,and the wrist function status was evaluated by using the Disabilities of the Arm ,Shoulder and Hand(DASH) and the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS) .Results The average VAS score of the rist joint motion was recovered from (7 ± 2) points before operation to (3 ± 3) points after operation ,the MMWS score was improved from preoperative (50 ± 9) points to postoperative (83 ± 11) points ,the DASH score was decreased significantly from preoperative (37 ± 15) points to postoperative (16 ± 10) points ,the grip strength was improved from preoperative 84 .5 ± 16 .0 to postoperative 93 .4 ± 11 .0 ,the differences were statistically significant .The mean range of motion(ROM ) in flexion/extension of the wrist was increased from preoperative 93 .5% ± 6 .0% to postoperative 96 .4% ± 3 .0% ,the ROM in pronation/supination of the forearm was increased from preoperative 92 .6% ± 7 .0% to postoperative 97 .2% ± 5 .0% ,but the differences were not statistically significant .Conclusion Under arthroscopic assistance ,the anatomical reconstruc‐tion of the distal radioulnar ligaments is an effective treatment method for treating chronic distal radioulnar joint instability ,its short term follow up has satisfactory effect .

The oil content and fatty acid composition of Ganoderma lucidum collected from different producing areas, varieties, tissue types and growth periods were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the oil content was 23. 61%-34.17% in different domestic producing areas of China; the oil content of fruiting bodies from major varieties cultured in Zhejiang province were 0.81%-1.87%, wall-unbroken spores were 0.07%-0.24%, wall-broken spores were 27.54%-34.17%, so the oil content of wall-unbroken spores were much higher than fruiting bodies, and wall-breaking treatment would increase the oil extraction rate 150-340 times. G. lucidum spores oil was mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acid composition. oleic acid and linoleic content were 53.26%-58.16% and 10.69%-16.87% respectively. Fatty acid composition ratio of spores and fruiting bodies were significantly different by PLS-DA. Determining the composition of fatty acid, especially the content of oleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid, could identify the tissue types of G. lucidum products' sources. In addition, the study result showed that the spores and fruiting bodies collected in the first year contained richer oil and fatty acid than second year's samples from the same variety of G. lucidum.
Fatty Acids ; analysis ; Oils ; analysis ; Reishi ; chemistry

This study aimed at investigating the inhibitory effects and the anti-tumor mechanisms of co-adminis-tration of fusion proteins mGM-CSF/βhCG ( GC ) and hVEGF121/βhCG ( VC ) on RM-1 prostatic cancer and B16 F10 melanoma in the C57 BL/6 J mouse model. Two recombinant stains containing pET-28 a-mGM-CSF-X10-βhCGCTP37 and pET-28 a-VEGF-M2-X10-βhCG-CTP37 were induced by lactose to express fusion proteins. The fusion proteins were separated and purified to prepare the anti-tumor protein vaccines ( VC protein vaccine and GC protein vaccine) , which were then mixed to prepare a combined protein vaccine named VGC protein vac-cine. The prostatic cancer and melanoma tumor-bearing mice C57 BL/6 J were immunized with described vac-cines, then the growth of each tumor was measured;splenocyte proliferation of immunized mice was detected;and the cytotoxic effects of the vaccine on tumor cells were tested. After that, the in vivo concentrations of IFN-γ and anti-hVEGF antibodies were investigated by ELISA. The difference between each experimental group and normal saline group ( NS) was statistically significant in both tumor-bearing mouse models ( P <0. 05) respectively. Besides, VGC group exhibited significantly better anti-tumor effect compared with the GC and VC groups with the anti-tumor rate ( 41. 7 ± 0. 83)% and ( 46. 4 ± 1. 27)% for prostatic cancer and melanoma tumor, respectively. The co-administration of the two proteins, VC and GC, could inhibit the growth of RM-1 prostatic tumor and B16F10 melanoma effectively via anti-tumor immunity and anti-tumor angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression levels of p53-mediating DNA damage and repair genes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers and their exposures to benzene in their working environment.

METHODSThe mRNA expression levels of p53 and related genes were determined by SYBR Green I chimeric fluorescence quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 72 workers, who were classified into group A (46 direct exposure to benzene) and group B (26 indirect exposure to benzene) based on their positions, and 29 controls. The differences of gene expression levels were analyzed by software REST 2005. Meanwhile, the peripheral blood leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelet of workers and controls were counted. Benzene content was measured in the samples of toluene, used as raw material, and spraying agents and benzene, toluene and xylene concentrations in the air of workplaces were monitored.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of p53, Ku80, Ape1 and Mdm-2 between group A or group B and control group (P > 0.05). The expression up-regulation of p21 mRNA was found, but without significant difference (P > 0.05). However, the mRNA expression levels of Rad51, Bcl-2, Bax, Xpa and Xpc in group A and Rad51 in group B were downregulated significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover, both the counts of white blood cell, hemoglobin and platelet in group A were (4.93 +/- 1.27) x 10(9)/L, (123.97 +/- 11.80) g/L and (124.02 +/- 41.22) x 10(9)/L respectively and platelet in group B (135.80 +/- 39.44) x 10(9)/L were significantly lower than in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe mRNA expression levels of some p53-mediating DNA damage and repair genes are downregulated in the workers chronically exposed to low benzene concentration. The working environment impacts on health of group A workers are greater than the ones of group B.

Adult ; Benzene ; adverse effects ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

To investigate the adjuvant effect of plasmid DNA encoding superantigen SEA (D227A) (pmSEA) on immune responses induced by HBV DNA vaccine containing HBV preS2 and S antigen in BABL/c (H-2d). BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscular injection with HBV DNA vaccine (pHBVS2S) mixed with or without pmSEA plasmid. Antibodies againat HBV PreS2 and S antigen in the sera were accessed by Anti-HBs ELISA, and the HBsAg specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activity was determined by 5 Chromium Release Assay. The HBs peptide-specific IFN-gamma secreting T cells were detected by ELISPOT. Anti-HBs antibody titers and CTLs activity in mice immunized with pmSEA + pHBVS2S group were significant higher (P < 0.05) than pHBVS2S DNA vaccine group. The ratio of IgG1/IgG2a (0.282) was apparently different from the group immunized with peptide (10). Mice immunized with HBV DNA vaccine plus adjuvant produce higher titer of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against HBV S antigen 1.36 and 1.73 time higher than that without adjuvant respectively. HBs peptide--specific IFN-gamma secreting T cells increased 2 - 3 times by the pmSEA adjuvant, compared to DNA vaccine group. HBV DNA vaccine (pHBVS2S) induces humoral and cellular immuno-responses in BALB/c mice, and the responses could be significantly boasted by the plasmid encoding mSEA. Therefore the pmSEA was a potential adjuvant for DNA vaccines.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Enterotoxins ; immunology ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Interferon-gamma ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Staphylococcus aureus ; immunology ; Superantigens ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

OBJECTIVEThe effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(165) (VEGF(165)) on intracellular free magnesium ([Mg(2+)](i)) and the relationship between Mg(2+) and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated in this study.

METHODS[Mg(2+)](i) in HUVECs loaded with fluorescent magnesium indicator mag-fura-2 were quantitatively detected with the use of intracellular cation measurement system. HUVECs were obtained from normal fetus and cultured in M199 with 0.2 fetal bovine serum. The angiogenesis effects of VEGF(165) were observed in presence of 0 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L or 2 mmol/L of extracellular Mg(2+).

RESULTSVEGF(165) significantly increased [Mg(2+)](i) in a dose-dependent manner independent of extracellular Mg(2+), Na(+) and Ca(2+) and this effect could be blocked by pretreatment with VEGF(165) receptor-2 (KDR) inhibitor (SU1498). The angiogenesis induced by VEGF(165) was significantly inhibited cells with 0 mmol/L extracellular Mg(2+), the angiogenesis effects of VEGF(165) were similar in cells with 1 mmol/L and 2 mmol/L extracellular Mg(2+) and these effects could be blocked by SU1498.

CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that the [Mg(2+)](i) increase induced by VEGF(165) originates from intracellular Mg(2+) pools and promotes angiogenesis via KDR-dependent signaling pathways.

Cations, Divalent ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnesium ; metabolism ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; metabolism

Objective To compare the effects of Acceptance Commitment Therapy(ACT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy(CBT) on anxiety and depression in the elderly,and to explore the psychological mechanism of ACT to improve anxiety and depression.Methods A total of 25 elderly people were screened from four communities in Beijing.According to the place of residence,12 persons were enrolled in the ACT group and 13 persons were enrolled in the CBT group.The mindful attention awareness scale,geriatric anxiety inventory,geriatric depression scale,the acceptance and action questionnaire-Ⅱ and cognitive fusion questionnaire were evaluated before regrouping (T1),after six regiments (T2) and 5 weeks after the end of the intervention (T3).Results (1) On the level of mindfulness,the score of ACT group was higher than that in CBT group at T2(ACT:80.31 ±6.18,CBT:74.20±4.48,t=2.52,P＜0.05) and T3 (ACT:82.20±4.48,CBT:70.00± 12.23,t=4.56,P＜0.01).(2) On the level of anxiety there was significant difference between the two groups at T2(ACT:2.88±1.86,CBT:8.87±2.80,t=-8.15,P＜0.01) and T3(ACT:5.38±2.02,CBT:10.50±2.66,t=-6.93,P＜0.01),and ACT group was higher than the CBT group.(3)On the levels of depression there was significant difference between the two groups at T 1 (ACT:4.59 ± 3.97,CBT:7.89± 6.39,t =-2.25,P＜0.05),the ACT group was lower than the CBT group.The CBT group on the levels of depression there was a significant difference T1 and T2 (t=2.92,P＜0.05).(4) On the level of psychological flexibility,there was a significant difference between the two groups at T2 (ACT:41.38 ± 8.28,CBT:49.60± 3.52,t =-3.64,P＜0.01)and T3(ACT:40.80±7.66,CBT:52.47±6.23,t=-4.98,P＜0.01),and ACT group was lower than the CBT group.(5) Empirical avoidance only achieved a significant level of intermediate effects between ACT therapy and anxiety.In the ACT group,the median effect of empirical avoidance on anxiety was 11.40％.Conclusion The effect of CBT on depression is better than that of ACT,while the effect of ACT on the level of mindfulness,anxiety and mental flexibility is better than that of CBT.ACT with psychological flexibility as a psychological mechanism can improve the mental flexibility of the individual more than the CBT.

In the central nervous system, ionotropic AMPA receptors mediate the majority of the fast excitatory synaptic transmission.Trafficking of AMPA receptors into and out of synapses is a highly dynamic process, which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity that is critical for higher brain functions such as learning and memory. Genetic alterations in AMPA receptor or proteins that regulate AMPA receptors trafficking have been implicated in various diseases, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer′s disease, and intellectual disability. Thus, elucidating the regulation of AMPA trafficking and function is vital to understanding higher brain functions. Many studies have used live imaging of fluorescently tagged AMPA receptors to directly monitor their membrane trafficking in real time,but most of these studies were performed in vitro using neuronal cell cultures or brain slices.Recent technological advances have allowed the imaging of synaptic proteins in vivo in intact organisms, which enables the visualization of synaptic plasticity at a molecular level in living animals.In this review, we mainly discuss the latest development in AMPA receptors trafficking studies and elucidate the contributions of receptor imaging in vitro and in vivo to understanding the molecular mechanisms under-lying synaptic plasticity.

Objective To make a quantitative research on the vertical force homogeneity of Yizhichan manipulation and look for the quantitative index and reference value which can describe the force homogeneity of Yizhichan manipulation effectively. Methods After the force homogeneity was described mathematically, the vertical force signals from Yizhichan manipulation operated by 5 experts, 5 skilled doctors and 5 beginners were measured and analyzed, respectively. Results The period homogeneities and the waveform homogeneities were obtained. No significant differences were found in the period homogeneities among the three groups, but significant differences appeared in waveform homogeneities between the beginner and expert group or the beginner and skilled doctor group. Conclusions The waveform homogeneities are more suitable for evaluating the vertical force homogeneity of Yizhichan manipulation by different operators, and 0.927 can be used as a reference value to evaluate the vertical force homogeneity of the operator.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of spectinomycin?minocycline?azithromycin and sparfloxacin to mycoplasma(Uu and Mh)and therapeutic effect of spectinomycin to my-coplasma infection in genitourinary tract.Methods①The susceptibility test:each of the4drugs was divided into two concentrations.One was at1?g/mL(sensitive concentration)and the other was at4?g/mL(resistant concentration).If mycoplasma does not grow in both concentrations,it means the drug tested is sensitive.If it grows in both concentrations,the drug tested is resistant.If mycoplasma grows in lower concentration and does not in higher concentration,it means moderate sensitive.②Treatment regimen:Spectinomycin was injected,2g/d IM,for7-10days as a course of treatmeant.Patients were followed-up7days later and2~4weeks after treatment.Results①Among1658specimens,519were found Uu positive,and61Mh positive.The resis-tance rates of Uu to4different drugs were:7.7%for minocycline,21.4%for sparfloxacin,13.9%for azithromycin and7.3%for spectinomycin.Whereas,those of Mh were:18.0%,45.9%,54.1%,and29.5%re-spectively.②The clinical effect of spectinomycin was:out of43treated patients,37(86.0%)cured,4(9.3%)markedly improved,2(4.7%)failed.Total effective rate was95.3%and so was the elimination rate of my-coplasma.Conclusion The resistant rate of mycoplasma to spectinomycin is lower than that to minocycline?azithromycin and sparfloxacin,and the former is widely used in the treatment of mycoplasma(especially Uu)infection,with a satisfactory clinical effect.