Objective To investigate the condition of microdeletions of AZF region of the Y chromosome in Chinese patients with spermatogenetic malfunction. Methods Six Y chromosome specific sequence-tagged-sites(STS) in AZF region were screened and the microdeletions were determined by PCR in 27 patients with spermatogenetic malfunction. Results Microdeletions in genomic DNA were observed in 2 cases who presented with azoospermia and limited to AZFc subregion.The total deletion rate was 7.4%.The deletion patterns of the 2 cases were DAZ(sY254,sY255) and DAZ plus sY157,respectively. Conclusions Like other races, microdeletions of the Y chromosome in Chinese people may be one of the causes of spermatogenetic malfunction.Therefore prior to assistant reproduction,screening for microdeletions of the Y chromosome in patients with spermatogenetic malfunction is necessary.

Background The primary reason to trabeculectomy failure is fibrosis of conjunctiva and episclera because of progressive fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition of the filtration bleb.Conventional methods of inhibiting bleb scarring was intraoperative application of mitomycin C (MMC),but many complications occured after surgery.Researches showed that bevacizumab was an antifibrotic agent,and whether it can suppress scarring of filtering bleb after trabeculectomy is concerned.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifibrotic efficacy of bevacizumab after trabeculectomy in rabbits.Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups.Trabeculectomy was performed on the right eyes of each rabbits.The rabbits received subconjunctival injection of 0.05 ml bevacizumab (25 mg/ml) at the end of operation in the bevacizumab single injection group.The same dose of bevacizumab was respectively injected at the end of operation as well as 3 days and 7 days after operation in the bevacizumab repitition injection group,and 0.05 ml normal saline solution was used in the same way in the normal saline group.In the MMC group,MMC cotton patch with 0.2 mg/ml was placed under the Tenon caplsule and scleral flap for 3 minutes during operation.The intraocular pressure (IOP),bleb area and shape were evaluated during the 28-day period.The animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 14 and 28,respectively for the histopathologic examination of bleb.The expression of CD31 in the bleb was detected by immunohistochemistry for the calculation of microvessels.All experiments were performed in accordance with the ethics code for animal experimentation and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tianjin Eye Hospital.Results No significant difference was found in the postoperative IOP among the groups (F =0.88,P =0.47).Compared with the bevacizumab single injection group,MMC group and normal saline group,the shape of bleb was higher and much diffuse with sparse vessels 7 days after operation in the bevacizumab repitition injection group.The survival time of bleb was 27 days,19 days and 13 days in the bevacizumab repitition injection group,the bevacizumab single injection group,MMC group and normal saline group,respectively.The percentage of collagen deposition area was (49.18±1.54)％,(26.41±1.23)％,(50.68±1.87)％ and (70.63±1.81)％ at day 14 postoperative in the bevacizumab single injection group,bevacizumab repitition injection group,MMC group and normal saline group,respectively,with the largest area in the normal saline group,and percentage of collagen deposition area was significantly reduced in the bevacizumab repitition injection group compared with the bevacizumab single injection group (all at P＜0.05).The percentage of collagen deposition area was (66.82±1.53)％ at day 28 postoperative in the bevacizumab repitition injection group,while complete scarring was seen in other 3 groups.The number of microvessels was least at postoperative day 14 in the bevacizumab repitition injection group compared with the bevacizumab single injection group,MMC group and normal saline group (all at P ＜ 0.05).The number of microvessels was more in postoperative day 28 in the bevacizumab repitition injection group (3.51 ±0.31) compared with other groups (all at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab following trabeculectomy can improve the successful rate of surgery by remaining the survival time of filtering bleb,inhibiting the bleb scarring in rabbits.

Objective:To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods:100 cases patients with chronic schizophrenia weree selected.They were divided into rTMS stimulation group and pseudo stimulation group according to the random number table method,and each group include 50 cases.The positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Treatment Emergent Symptom scale (TESS) were used to assess the clinical symptoms and side effects before and after the treatment;The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Repeatable Neuropsychological State Measurement (RBANS) were used to assess the patients' cognitive function before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,the PANSS total score,the positive subscale score,the negative subscale score,the general psychopathological subscale score in the rTMS stimulation group were significantly reducing (P＜0.05),and significantly lower than those in the pseudo stimulation group (P＜0.05),but the TESS scores between the two groups did not differ significantly before and after treatment.The percentage of WCST in rTMS stimulation group was significantly higher than that in the pseudo stimulation group (P＜0.05),and the total time and wrong thinking time was shorter than that in the pseudo stimulation group (P＜0.05);The visual span and delayed memory performance of RBANS was significantly increased in the rTMS stimulation group (P＜0.05),and the visual span was significantly higher than that in the pseudo stimulus group (P＜0.05);There were 2 cases of patients with mild symptoms after the first treatment in RTMS stimulation group,all patients were without complaint followed up for 3 months.Conclusion:rTMS treatment on the part of the cognitive function of patients with chronic schizophrenia has a certain improvement effect,and higher security,it is worth further study.

Objective To study the curative effect and side effect of thalidomide incorporation with NP in treatment of Ⅲ/Ⅳ lung cancer. Methods 36 lung cancer patients were randomly divided into three groups. The patients in experimental group were treated by NP plus thalidomide while without thalidomide in the control group. The difference between the first experimental group and second group is that the above used DDP followed with lobaplatin. The beginning dose of thalidomide was 100 mg/d, increase 50 mg/d every week till 400 mg/d, maintain for at least three months. Results The first experimental group had 4 partial relief cases (34.0 %), 5 improved cases(33 %), total efficacy rate was 34.4 %(4/15), clinical benefice rate 49 %(7/ 15), and the second group was 38 %(4/11), 27 %(3/11), 38 %(4/11), 55 %(6/11). All without significant difference. Conclusion It would be valuable to do clinical research further and widespread popularization study for evaluation of Thalidomide incorporation with NP in treatment of Ⅲ/Ⅳ lung cancer.

Objective To detect the excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1) and thymidylate of the acid synthase (TS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its adjacent tissue,and investigate the relationship of the expression of ERCC1 and TS with the clinical characteristics of NSCLC and prognosis for NSCLC individual therapy to provide experimental basis.Methods The protein expression levels of ERCC1 and TS in 50 cases of postoperative NSCLC cancer and adjacent tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method and the relationship among the expression of ERCC1,TS,and overall survival of patients with NSCLC Phase (OS),disease progression time (TTP),the median OS,and median TTP was analyzed.Results (1)There was an obvious difference between the expression of ERCC1,TS in cancer and paraneoplastic tissue of NSCLC,which had statistically significance (64.00％ vs 20.00％,x2 =19.87,P ＜ 0.01 ;48.00％ vs 24.00％,x2 =6.25,P ＜ 0.05) ; (2)The continued investigation in the patients who received postoperative cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy showed that the 0S of negative expression of ERCC1 was significantly longer than the positive one (19.10 vs 10.00 months;x2 =8.133,P =0.002),so was median TTP (15.30 vs 9.00 months; x2 =7.410,P =0.003).The median 0S of the negative expression of TS,was significantly longer than the positive one (17.80 vs 11.00 months,x2 =7.001,P =0.008),so was median TTP (11.40 vs 6.80 months; x2 =5.884,P =0.026).Conclusions ERCC1 and TS protein may become sensitive predictors of platinum chemosensitivity for NSCLC patients ; the detection of combined with ERCC1 and TS would contribute to the selection of individualized treatment programs for NSCLC.

Objective To evaluate efficacy in detecting lung nodules at low-dose CT(LDCT) by nodule enhanced viewing(NEV).Methods One hundred and twenty seven patients who were referred to undergo low-dose CT (LDCT) for the evaluation of pulmonary metastasis or screening lung cancer were selected randomly.Two radiologists with at least 10 years experience read the images with normal clinical reading speed to find actionable nodules ≤ 2.0 cm in maximum diameter,and their consensus result was referred as Standard.NEV was adopted to detect the pulmonary nodules.Two residents with experience of less than three years read first detected suspicious nodules and recorded reading time,first consensus and mean time were recorded.Then,they made second decisions on the images with the help of NEV and the results and the reading time were recorded and analyzed by using wilcoxon test.The sensitivity and accuracy of NEV,residents and residents with NEV were analyzed.Results Standard,resident,NEV and resident with NEV detected 570,404,768 and 593 lung nodules ≤2.0 cm in maximum diameter,respectively.More than 60％ nodules were less than 0.5 cm in maximum diameter.The performance of NEV in detecting nodules ≤2.0 cm as well as nodules ＜ 0.5 cm in maximum diameter was significantly higher than that of the resident(Z =-6.887,P ＜0.01 and Z =-7.235,P ＜0.01),and the performance of resident with NEV indetecting nodules ≤2.0 cm as well as nodules ＜ 0.5 cm in maximum diameter was significantly higher than that of resident without NEV (Z =-6.606,P ＜ 0.01 and Z =-6.657,P ＜ 0.01).The resident,NEV and the resident with NEV detected nodules ＜ 20 mm in maximum diameter with sensitivities of 61.4％,86.3％ and 95.3％,and with accuracy of 56.1％,58.1％ and 87.6％,respectively.The resident achieved sensitivities of 51.4％,88.1％ and 94.8％,and accuracy of 47.0％,56.9％ and 87.5％ for nodules ＜5 mm in maximum diameter,respectively.The resident,NEV and resident with NEV spent 120-444 s,85-262 s and 131-1512 s per case to read the CT scans,respectively.The reading time of resident with NEV in was significantly higher than that of resident without NEV(Z =-9.781,P ＜ 0.01).The resident spent 23 s per NEV mark.Conclusion NEV considerable improves the resident's performance in lung nodule detection,especially in maximum diameter ＜ 0.5 cm nodule detection.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of ferulic acid in pedo spleen energy activating Misture.METHODS:The determination was performed on Hypersil ODS column,the mobile phase consisted of1%acetic acid-methanol(70∶30)with a flow rate of0.8ml/min,the column temperature was26℃,the detection wavelength was320nm and the sample size was20?l.RESULTS:Good linear relationship with peak area score was achieved when the detection con?centration range of ferulaic acid was within a range of0.02～1.2mg/ml(r=0.9997),the average recovery was97.88%(RSD=1.19%).CONCLUSION:The method can be served as a quality control for pedo spleen energy activating Misture.

OBJECTIVE To study the characteristic of epidemiology of hospital infection among recipients after liver transplantation and to probe into its risk factors.METHODS Totally 193 cases were investigated.The infection group was compared with the non-infection group.Descriptive statistics and risk factor analysis were performed with SPSS11.0.RESULTS Forty nine cases took place infection.The infection rate was 25.4% and the death rate was 20.41%.15 cases(30.61%) happened 2 or 3 time infections.Mid-time of infection was 14d.Twenty six case(30.61%) infection occurred within 4 weeks and 25 cases(51.02%) were on June and July.Pulmonary infection(32.84%),wound infection(31.34%) and abdominal cavity infection(23.90%) were ranked in front.A total of 693 strains were isolated,and Gram-negative(G-) bacilli were 42.14%,Gram-positive(G+)cocci 35.30% and fungi were 22.66%.The three risk factors were obviously correlated with the infection(P

AIM: To determine the contents of ephedrine、laetrile、glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in Huagai Powder traditional decoction and granule decoction(Herba Ephedrae,Semen Armeniacae Amarum,Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae,etc.) by HPLC. METHODS: An Agilent SB-C_(18) column was used for ephedrine,the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(4∶96),detection wavelength at 207 nm;An Agilent XDB-C_(18) column was used for laetrile,the mobile phase was methanol-water(23∶77),detection wavelength at 215 nm;An Agilent XDB-C_(18) column was used for glycyrrhizic acid,the mobile phase was methanol-0.2 mol/L ammonium-acid(67∶33∶1),detection wavelength at 250 nm; An Agilent XDB-C_(18) column was used for liquiritin,the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid(20∶80),detection wavelength at 276 nm. RESULTS: There were discrepancies between traditional decoction and granules in the contents of four ingredients,the average contents in granules were more than those in the traditional decoction. CONCLUSION: The peaks of the four ingredients are(segregated)(effectively),and the method is simple,conveient,exact and has good reproducibility,the other ingredients do not have interferences for the determination.

Objective To study the diagnostic and prognostic values by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and computed tomography(CT) for investigation of infantile spasms(IS).Methods Fourty-two patients with IS were retrospectively reviewed by CT scan and MRI T1W,T2W and inversion recovery (IR) and MRA techniques.Results Fourteen cases were found abnormal in CT,including encephalatrophy,hemorrhage,gross malformation and lesions with underlying calcification;MRI studies of 24/28 cases showed that MRI was the most appropriate imaging technique in diagnosis of the underlying substrate of patients with IS and other epilepsies,particularly in periventricular leuko malacia(PL),delayedmyelination(DM),hypxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),kernicterus,tuberous sclerosis(TS),hippocampal sclerosis(HS),brainstematrophy,heterotopia,corpus callosum and vascular malformation,et al.MRI was also valuable for determining the prognoses of IS,but it should be combined with the clinical symptom and ages. Conclusions MRI and CT are highly important for the investigation and treatment of patients with IS; MRI is much more sensitive to exploration of neuropathology of infatile spasms,such as PL,DM,HIE,kernicteus,HS,heterotopias and focally cortical dysplasia.