Objective To investigate the effects of multiple doses of propofol or/and monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM1) on cognitive function and caspase-3 expression in immature rats.Methods Seventy-seven immature SD rats,17-18-day old and weighted 33-40g,were randomly divided into 7 groups (11 each):control group (NS),propofol 50mg/kg group (P50),propofol 100mg/kg group (P_ 100 ),propofol 200mg/kg group (P_ 200 ),GM1 10mg/kg group (G),propofol 100mg/kg and GM1 10mg/kg group (P_ 100 G),and propofol 200mg/kg and GM1 10mg/kg group (P_ 200 G).Each group received normal saline,propofol 50mg/(kg?d),100 mg/(kg?d),200mg/(kg?d),GM1 10mg/(kg?d),propofol 100mg/(kg?d) and GM1 10mg/(kg?d),or propofol 200 mg/(kg?d) and GM1 10mg/(kg?d) intraperitoneally in a bolus or divided doses,respectively,for 6 consecutive days.The tests of learning and memory were performed in Morris water maze everyday at the 3rd hour after the rats waked up from anesthesia.The animals were sacrificed on the 6th day after the Morris water maze test to obtain the brain specimen,and the expression of caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results Latency period of water maze test was significantly longer in groups P_ 100,P_ 200 and P_ 200 G than in group NS,and the frequency of crossing platform were fewer in P_ 100,P_ 200 and P_ 200 G groups (P

?Advances in genome-wide analysis have revealed that up to 90%of the human genome is transcribed.However, only approximately 1% of RNA transcripts encode proteins, and the remaining transcripts are noncoding RNAs.Noncoding RNAs can be roughly divided into small noncoding RNAs (<200nt ) and long noncoding RNAs ( LncRNAs, >200nt ). Small noncoding RNAs include microRNAs, transfer RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs, whereas the long noncoding RNAs comprise ribosomal RNA, natural antisense transcripts, etc. Although the biosynthesis and biological activities of microRNAs are well studied through bioinformatics and active biological molecules analysis, the understanding of LncRNAs on these aspects is still limited.LncRNAs play multiple roles in regulating gene transcription and translation, and epigenetics.Aberrant LncRNAs expression can occur in various pathological processes and significantly related to the pathogenesis or poor prognosis of ophthalmological diseases. In this review, we will focus on the characteristics and regulatory functions of LncRNAs that are commonly associated with ophthalmological diseases.

Objective: The current study was designed to examine whether Sijunzi decoction could induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice. Methods: A human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901 was grafted into 30 nude mice. The animals in two experimental groups received either Sijunzi decoction for 40 days or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for 6 days beginning 2 days after grafting. The control animals received saline according to an identical schedule. The animals were sacrified 41 days after grafting. The therapeutic effect was determined by measuring of tumor size and tumor weight. Apoptotic indices were examined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate fluorescence nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and flow cytometry analysis. Morphological changes were observed by electron microscopy. Results: Comparing with controls, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by Sijunzi decoction ( 34.33％ ， P<0.05) or 5 FU( 50.00％ ， P< 0.05) . Apoptotic index(AI) was significantly higher(16.24％ ± 3.21％ as determined by TUNEL and 11.38％ ± 6.46％ by FACScan) in Sijunzi decoction treatment group than that in the control group (TUNEL:2.63％ ± 1.03％ ,P< 0.01; FACScan:7.15％ ± 1.32％ ,P< 0.05); while there was no significant increase of AI in 5 FU treatment group. Cell shrinkage, nuclear chromatin condensation, formation of membrane blebs and apoptotic bodies were frequently observed on tumor sections in Sijunzi decoction group, while only few apoptotic cells/bodies and necrotic cells were found in the 5-FU treatment group, and in control group cancer cells were in proliferation. Conclusions: The data demonstrated enhanced apoptosis in human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice after treatment with Sijunzi decoction, suggesting that Sijunzi decoction may be a potential anticancer agent for gastric cancer treatment.

Objective:To observe the temporal and spatial expression and function of mcpr1 gene during murine tooth germ development.Methods:The expression of MCPR1 at different stages of mouse tooth germ were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results:MCPR1 expression was detected at all stages of tooth germ, but the distribution patterns at various stages were different. It indicated that the temporal and spatial expression pattern of MCPR1 during murine tooth germ development was specific.Conclusion:mcpr1 might play an important role in modulating the differentiation and mature of enamel organ.

To investigate the anticancer effects of ring C in 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a series of GA derivatives featured with 9(11)-ene moiety in ring C were designed and synthesized. The structures were confirmed by IR, LC-MS and 1H NMR. Their inhibitory effects towards human prostate cancer PC-3 and leukemia HL-60 cell lines were determined. Most of the derivatives displayed stronger antiproliferative activities than GA. Particularly, compound 14 showed promising anticancer activity with the GI50 values of 4.48 µmol · L(-1) and 1.2 µmol · L(-1) against PC-3 and HL-60 cells respectively, which is worth further study.

To investigate the anticancer effects of ring C in 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a series of GA derivatives featured with 9(11)-ene moiety in ring C were designed and synthesized. The structures were confirmed by IR, LC-MS and 1H NMR. Their inhibitory effects towards human prostate cancer PC-3 and leukemia HL-60 cell lines were determined. Most of the derivatives displayed stronger antiproliferative activities than GA. Particularly, compound 14 showed promising anticancer activity with the GI50 values of 4.48 µmol · L(-1) and 1.2 µmol · L(-1) against PC-3 and HL-60 cells respectively, which is worth further study.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Design ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology

Autopsy ; Female ; Hepatoblastoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Rare Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of small interfering RNA ( siRNA) on the expression of protein kinase Cε( PKCε) in human hepatoma SK-Hep-1 cells, and the biological behaviors of the transduced cells , inclu-ding proliferation and invasion , were investigated.METHODS:The cultured SK-Hep-1 cells were divided into 3 groups, including PKCε-siRNA group , negative control ( NC)-siRNA group and control group .MTT assay was used to analyze the proliferation of the SK-Hep-1 cells in the respective groups , while invasion potency was determined by Transwell assay .The protein levels of functional biomarkers such as Ki 67 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( MMP-9 ) were measured by Western blotting .The Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to explore the activity of the NF-κB pathway .RESULTS:PKCεex-pression in SK-Hep-1 cells transfected with PKCε-siRNA was significantly down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels compared with that in the normal SK-Hep-1 cells (P<0.01), with the decreases in the protein levels of Ki67 and MMP-9. The invasion and proliferation of SK-Hep-1 cells were obviously inhibited in PKCε-siRNA group compared with control group (P<0.01).Furthermore, the transcriptional activity of NF-κB was down-regulated when PKCε was effectively in-hibited by PKCε-siRNA (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Down-regulation of PKCεinhibits the proliferation and invasion of hepatic carcinoma cells , which might be mediated via the NF-κB signaling pathway .

Objective To explore the effect of exercise on the celluar immune function of mice induced by PM_2.5. Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups, filtered air, concentrated PM_2.5, exercise and filtered air, and exercise and concentrated PM_2.5, with six mice in each group.The mice in the exercise group ran on the treadmill for 1 h every day, and then the mice in the four groups were respectively exposed to concentrated PM_2.5 or filtered air after 1 h of rest.After twenty-four weeks, flow cytometric assay was used to detect the quantity of CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8a⁺ T cells, CD18⁺ T cells and CD154⁺ T cells in spleen in mice of the four groups. Results The median concentration of PM_2.5 in the exposure chamber, filtered chamber and ambient air were 49.24, 12.18, 32.25 μg/m³, respectively.PM_2.5 exposure led to increase in CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8a⁺ T cells (P < 0.05) and decrease in CD154⁺ T cells (P < 0.05), whereas running was beneficial for decreasing CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8a⁺ T cells (P < 0.05) and increasing CD154⁺ T cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions PM_2.5 exposure induces perturbation of the immune system.Regular running proves to be helpful for maintaining the balance of the immune system and improving the body′s resistance to PM_2.5.

Objective: To study the relationship between human herpes vi rus 6 (HHV-6) infection and oral squamors cell carcinoma. Methods: The serum anti-HHV-6 antibody titers from 16 cases of oral squamors cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 16 control subjects were detected by indirect immunofluores cence assay. HHV-6 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was amplified by P CR and the specificity was confirmed by Southern-blot hybridization with an int ernal probe oligonuclotide. An immunohistochemical staining was used to detect H HV-6 antigen in OSCC tissues. Results: Positive expression of s erum HHV-6 IgG antibody was found in all the cases of OSCC and in 12 of the 16 controls. Geometric mean titer of OSCC group and control group was 1∶118 and 1 ∶64 respectively (P