Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of oxysophoridine(OSR)and the influence of verapamil(Ver)on the antinociception of OSR when two drugs were co-administrated in mice.Methods The number of writhing within 15 min after ip different doses of OSR was observed in painful mouse mo- dels caused by acetic acid.The hot plate method was used to assess nociceptive sensitivity of CaCl_2 and Ver before ip OSR.Nitric oxide(NO)in serum was measured by spectrophotometry.Results The number of writhing was decreased and the latency of licking the hind paws was prolonged in a dose-dependent manner after ip OSR.The antinociception of OSR could be antagonized by CaCl_2 and enhanced by Ver.No inter- ference was detected in serum volume of NO.Conclusion These results suggest that OSR can antagonize the acute pain caused by acetic acid and hot plate in a dose-dependent manner in mice.Calcium channel blocker could enhance the effect of OSR.

Objective To investigate the expression of Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) in primary cultured rat astrocytes.Methods RT-PCR and Western blot were applied to verify mRNA and protein expression of NgR in primary cultured and purified astrocytes. Indirect immunofluorensence and confocal microscopic technique were used to study the distribution of NgR. Results Specific NgR cDNA product could be amplified from the total RNA of primary cultured astrocytes by RTPCR; Western blot of the extracts of astrocytes demonstrated a specific NgR band at about 64 kD. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal scanning further revealed the intracellular localization of NgR protein in astrocytes. Simultaneously,the NgR protein was detected in C6 rat glioma cells by western blot and immunofluoresence staining. Conclusion NgR is expressed in primary cultured astrocytes, which offers strong and direct support for the expression of NgR in astrocytes in vivo.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; RNA Interference

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effect of fluoride varnish in preventing caries of primary teeth, and to compare the caries prevention effects of fluoride varnish with two different concentrations.

METHODS150 children whose ages were three year-old were randomly chosen from one of nurseries of Chongqing, and were randomly divided into four groups with 37 children in 0.5% fluoride varnish group, 38 children in 0.1% fluoride varnish group, 39 children in 0.5% sodium fluoride group and 36 children in blank group. The groups included 71 'girls and 79 boys. Protective measure was applied every half an year and the research has lasted for two years. The research was designed by double-blinded methods, and was carried out with the dental caries standard suggested by World Health Organization. All the data were collected and the clinical effects of four groups were compared.

RESULTSThe average caries index and caries surface index of 0.1% fluoride varnish group and those of control groups were significantly higher than that of 0.5% fluoride varnish group. There were no significant difference between the average caries index and caries surface index of 0.1% fluoride varnish group and those of control groups.

CONCLUSION0.5% fluoride varnish was effective in preventing caries of primary teeth.

Cariostatic Agents ; Child ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Fluorides ; Fluorides, Topical ; Humans ; Male ; Paint ; Phosphates ; Sodium Fluoride ; Tooth, Deciduous

Objective To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of adult patients with distal femoral fracture between the east and west areas in China from 2010 to 2011.Methods The data of adult patients with distal femoral fracture treated from January 2010 through December 2011 in 63 hospitals were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data from 35 hospitals in the east area were classified as group A and those from 28 hospitals in the west area as group B.The analytic items included gender,age and AO classification.Results A total of 2,523 adult distal femoral fractures were collected,involving i,544 males and 979 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.58:1.The adult femoral fractures predominated in an age range from 41 to 50 years (18.94％) and their high-risk type was 33-A (50.18％).In group A of 1,650 cases,there were 1,027 males and 623 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.65:1 and a median age of 48 years;in group B of 873 cases,there were 517 males and 356 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.45:1 and a median age of 45 years.There were no significant differences in the age distribution and gender proportion between groups A and B (P ＞ 0.05).The age distribution showed that the peak ranges were from 31 to 60 years in both groups.The proportion of type 33-A was the most and that of type 33-B the least in both groups.The proportion of type 33-A in group B (53.49％) was significantly higher than in group A (48.42％) while that of type 33-B in group B (16.84％) was significantly lower than in group A (21.39％) (P ＜ O.05).Conclusions Adult distal femoral fractures were common in middle-aged males and their high-risk type was 33-A.Their peak age was from 31 to 60 years in both east and west areas in China.They were more common in men.The predominant fracture type was 33-A in both areas.The east area witnessed a significant higher proportion of type 33-B and a significant lower proportion of type 33-A than the west area.

OBJECTIVETo study on visible display of Meridian on the dummy human body.

METHODSTube model-building method and computer technique were used, and data came from Voxel-Man dummy human body development platform.

RESULTSThe visual effect of re-building Meridian is very good and it can display the different layers of anatomic structures on the Meridian lines.

CONCLUSIONThe visible display of Meridian on the dummy human body is preliminary realized, which provides data carriers for establishing the platform of Meridian study.

Human Body ; Humans ; Meridians

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibition of maxizyme (Mz) directed against the mutant-type p53 gene (mtp53) at codon 249 in exon 7 (AGG --> AGT) both in cell-free system and in MHCC97 cell lines.

METHODSMaxizyme and control mutant maxizyme (G5 --> A5) were designed by computer and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pBSKneoU6 (pU6Mz, pU6asMz). Mz was driven by T7 RNA polymerase promoter in vitro. In the cell lines, U6 promoter was driven by RNA PolIII. The mutant type p53 gene fragment was cloned into the pGEM-T vector under the T7 promoter control. The 32P-labeled mtp53 transcript was the target RNA. Cold maxizyme transcripts were incubated with 32P-labeled target RNA in vitro. pU6Mz was introduced into MHCC97 cells by Lipofectamine2000 and mtp53 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSIn vitro cleavage showed that pU6Mz was very active with cleavage efficiency of 42% while pU6asMz was not. The wild type p53 was not cleaved. Partial down-regulation of mtp53 mRNA and mtp53 protein were observed in MHCC97 cells transfected with pU6Mz but not those with pU6asMz. The proliferation of MHCC cells was inhibited by MTT analysis.

CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that the chimeric U6 maxizyme against the mtp53 is a new promising gene therapeutic agent in treating hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Catalytic ; RNA, Messenger ; chemical synthesis ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Ribonuclease T1 ; pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

Cell Line ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Hepatitis B ; pathology ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Transfection

AIMNucleoside analogues have become the most promising candidates of anti-HBV drugs. In this study, beta-L-D4A was synthesized and explored its inhibitiory action against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 2. 2. 15 cells derived from HepG2 cells transfected with HBV genome.

METHODSbeta-L-D4A was stereo-controlled synthesized from D-glutamic acid, and the structure was identified by IR, 1H NMR and MS. 2. 2. 15 Cells were placed at a density of 5 x 10(4) per well in 12-well tissue culture plates, and treated with various concentrations of beta-L-D4A for 6 days. At the end, medium was processed to obtain virions by a polyethlene glycol precipitation method. At the same time, intracellular DNA was also extracted and digested with Hind III. Both of the above DNA were subjected to Southern blot, hybridized with a 32P-labeled HBV probe and autoradiographed. The intensity of the autoradiographic bands was quantitated by densitometric scans of computer and EC50 was calculated. 2. 2. 15 cells were also seeded in 24-well tissue culture plates, and cytotoxicity with different concentrations was examined by MTT method. IC50 was calculated.

RESULTSThe synthesized compound structure conformed with beta-L-D4A; Autoradiographic bands showed similar for supernatant and intracellular HBV DNA. Episomal HBV DNA was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. EC50 0.2 micromol x L(-1). The experiment of cytotoxicity gained IC50 200 micromol x L(-10.

CONCLUSIONbeta-L-D4A has been synthesized successfully. beta-L-D4A possessed potent inhibitory effect on replication of HBV in vitro with low cytotoxicity, TI value was 1 000. It is expected to be developed clinically into a new anti-HBV drug.

Antiviral Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Replication ; drug effects ; DNA, Viral ; drug effects ; Dideoxyadenosine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Transfection ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the protective effects of Sapindus saponins in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms.

METHODSThirty-two 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 in each group): model group (placebo), positive control group (27 mg/kg of Captopril Tablets), Sapindus saponins groups (27 mg/kg and 108 mg/kg, respectively). Another 8 healthy Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY) rats were used as the normal group. The animals were treated for 8 weeks. Blood pressure of rats was determined by non-invasive blood pressure meter (BP-6). Furthermore, the contents of angiotensin II (Ang II) in plasma and myocardial tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the gene expression of receptor angiotensin type 1 (AT1R) in aorta was determined by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and AT1R in heart was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The protein expression of p-phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) was determined by Western blotting. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. And the histopathological and morphological changes of aorta and heart tissue samples were assessed semi-quantitatively by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) or Masson staining.

RESULTSThirty minutes after single or continuous treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was reduced significantly in Sapindus saponins groups. And the contents of AngII, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum, the expression of AT1R mRNA, p-p38MAPK and TGF-β1 were significantly suppressed dose-dependently (P<0.05 or P<0.01). With the Sapindus saponins treatment, compared with those of the model group, the cardiac and aortic pathological changes were ameliorated significantly.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that Sapindus saponins might have protective effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of which might be relevant to the regulation of inflammatory responses mediated by p-p38MAPK signal pathway based on activated Ang II and AT1R.

Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Female ; Hypertension ; blood ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; drug effects ; Sapindus ; chemistry ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism