Acute Disease ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the incidence and related factors of nosocomial infection in old inpatients with cancers during radiotherapy and chemotherapy.METHODS Retrospective surveys of nosocomial infection were carried out in 236 old inpatients with cancers from Jan 2005 to Oct 2008.?2 Test was used to evaluate the difference significance of the data.RESULTS The surveys indicated the infection rate was 44.36% and without the sex difference.The infection rate among old inpatients with lung cancer was the highest and counted for 69.39% and then with radiotherapy and chemotherapy that was 56.96%.Respiratory infection was the main infection and counted for 51.27%.The hospital stay time correlated well with the infection rate of the inpatients.With the hospital stay time increasing,the infection rate also increased.Moreover,the predisposing factors of inpatients infection included poor nutrition,advanced stage of tumors,aggressive procedures,leukopenia and application of antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection rate of old inpatients with cancers during radiotherapy and chemotherapy is much higher than that of the elders with common diseases and that of the youngers with cancers.The incidence of nosocomial infection is related to the sites of the primary cancers,therapy methods,hospital stay,etc.We must emphasize and control the predisposing factors effectively,and reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Calcineurin ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular System ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Humans ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

About 50％ to 60％ of the stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ colorectal carcinoma patient suffer from liver metastases.Recently,there is a research hotspot on how to improve the prognosis of the colorectal carcinoma liver metastases (CRLM) patient.It can elucidate the way how the carcinoma cells transfer from the original tumor to the liver,through establishing a CRLM animal model.An ideal CRLM animal model should perfectly mimic the total procedure of the metastases pathway,including the change of the cytology behavior and the development of the tumor biology.Besides,the model should be practical,tumor-predictable and accord with the ethical consideration.Until now,there is not an ideal CRLM animal model can perfectly match those conditions.This review goes through the advantages and disadvantages of different CRLM animal model methods used for research.

Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Palliative Care ; methods ; Quality of Life

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)combined with sonographically guided percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT)for hepatic carcinoma with diameter＞5.0 cm.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 68 cases of hepatic carcinoma with diameter＞5.0 cm under treatment of TACE combined with PMCT.CT,USG and correlated laboratory tests of hepatic carcinoma were carried out.Results Among 68 cases,complete ablation were 5 cases(5/68),tumor ablation area more than 50% or tumor shrinkage less than 30% were 59 cases(59/ 68),tumor ablation area less than 50% or tumor shrinkage more than 30% were 6 cases(6/68).Forty five cases with high AFP descended more than 50% after the procedure in 42 eases(93.33%).Thirty seven cases and 29 cases with increase of CEA and CA19-9 decreased to 28(75.97%)and 23(93.10%)cases with corresponding index decreasing more than 50% respectively.Survival time reached 4-6 months in 3 cases, more than 6 months for 31 cases,more than 12 months of 34 cases.Two cases among them showed no recurrence up to now after stoppage of treatment for 24 months and finally no correlative mortality occurred. Conclusion TACE combined with sonographically guided PMCT for hepatic carcinoma with diameter more than 5 cm is safe and effective.

Hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection has become one of the global public health problem,while there is no vaccine to prevent HCV infection, the so-called "cocktail" therapy that use a combination of drugs targeting multiple steps in the HCV infection cycle could achieve better curative effect. the process of HCV entering into host cell is the important step of drug intervention, in which HCV envelope protein El and E2, Host cell factors including Heparan sulfate(HS), CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), Occludin (OCLD), Claudin (CLDN), low densitity lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), Liver/lymph node specific ICAM-3-grabbing integrin(L-SIGN), trans- ferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and so on play a important role. The virus and the host factors can be used as targets of hcv entry inhibitors many studies have shown that as novel and promising compounds, HCV entry inhibitors combinating with other drugs can be more effective in the treatment of HCV, this paper have re- viewed targets and inhibitors of HCV enterring into host cell since 1990s.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Hepacivirus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hepatitis C ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Humans ; Receptors, Virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Internalization ; drug effects

Objective To assess the value of left ventricular (LV) twist and rotation in left-to-right shunt congenital heart diseases(CHD) by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI).Methods 16 patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),20 ventricular septal defect(VSD) and 36 age,sex matched normal subjects were included.LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) were measured by Biplane Simpson method,then LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated.Two-dimensional images in LV basal and apical short-axis views in three complete cardiac cycles were required.Using speckle tracking imaging,the rotation of 6 segments in basal and apical short-axis levels were measured in CHD patients and control subjects,respectively.Basal and apical rotation versus time profiles and LV twist versus time profiles were drawn.Correlation analysis of LVEDV,LVESV and LV peak twist and rotation were made respectively.Results Compared to the control group,LV peak twist and the apical rotation were increased in CDH patients,which was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).LV peak twist had significant correlation with LVEDV and LVESV.Conclusions LV volume overload which was caused by left-to-right shunt CHD significantly impacted LV twist and apical rotation,but has no significant effect in basal rotation.LV peak twist correlated with LVEDV and LVESV.

Cultivation of academic type of medical graduate students is an important part of medical education system in our country and the individualized cultivation is an important way of training.Frist,the individualized cultivation of academic type of medical graduate students requires that supervisors fully understand the characteristics of the graduate students based on supervisors' subjective feelings and the result of scientific research test of the students.and then divide the students into three types(type A,B and C).With reference to the PDCA cycle management model,the supervisors carry out the individualized cultivation for different types of students in various links of the PDCA cycle,in order to encourage excellent students,urge the average students,and help the students who are behind.From the result of the individualized cultivation of academic type of medical graduate students in single research team,the proportion of students type rose from 2.9％ (type A),65.7％ (type B) and 31.4％(type C) at the beginning to 23.5％(type A),68.6％(type B) and 7.9％(type C) at the time of graduation.The research output is huge,so as to promote the quality of cultivation of academic type of medical graduate students.

Psoriasis is a chronic,refractory,inflammatory skin disease that occurs in young adults.The traditional animal model cannot simulate the skin characteristics of patients with psoriasis effectively, so it is difficult to be used for in-depth study of psoriasis mechanism. Immortalized human epidermal cells (HaCaT)is a non-tumor,immortalized human epidermal cell which is widely used in the study of dermatosis.HaCaT cells are the best choice for the study of psoriasis mechanism because their immu-nological characteristics and reproductive ability are coincide with the pathological features of psoriasis. This article reviews the specific methods such as establishment of cell method, cytokine and chemo-kine analysisin the pathogenesis study of psoriasis based on HaCaT cells, hoping to provide some thoughts for drug′s pharmacological activity research.