Acute Disease ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the incidence and related factors of nosocomial infection in old inpatients with cancers during radiotherapy and chemotherapy.METHODS Retrospective surveys of nosocomial infection were carried out in 236 old inpatients with cancers from Jan 2005 to Oct 2008.?2 Test was used to evaluate the difference significance of the data.RESULTS The surveys indicated the infection rate was 44.36% and without the sex difference.The infection rate among old inpatients with lung cancer was the highest and counted for 69.39% and then with radiotherapy and chemotherapy that was 56.96%.Respiratory infection was the main infection and counted for 51.27%.The hospital stay time correlated well with the infection rate of the inpatients.With the hospital stay time increasing,the infection rate also increased.Moreover,the predisposing factors of inpatients infection included poor nutrition,advanced stage of tumors,aggressive procedures,leukopenia and application of antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection rate of old inpatients with cancers during radiotherapy and chemotherapy is much higher than that of the elders with common diseases and that of the youngers with cancers.The incidence of nosocomial infection is related to the sites of the primary cancers,therapy methods,hospital stay,etc.We must emphasize and control the predisposing factors effectively,and reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

About 50％ to 60％ of the stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ colorectal carcinoma patient suffer from liver metastases.Recently,there is a research hotspot on how to improve the prognosis of the colorectal carcinoma liver metastases (CRLM) patient.It can elucidate the way how the carcinoma cells transfer from the original tumor to the liver,through establishing a CRLM animal model.An ideal CRLM animal model should perfectly mimic the total procedure of the metastases pathway,including the change of the cytology behavior and the development of the tumor biology.Besides,the model should be practical,tumor-predictable and accord with the ethical consideration.Until now,there is not an ideal CRLM animal model can perfectly match those conditions.This review goes through the advantages and disadvantages of different CRLM animal model methods used for research.

Calcineurin ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular System ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Humans ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Palliative Care ; methods ; Quality of Life

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)combined with sonographically guided percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT)for hepatic carcinoma with diameter＞5.0 cm.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 68 cases of hepatic carcinoma with diameter＞5.0 cm under treatment of TACE combined with PMCT.CT,USG and correlated laboratory tests of hepatic carcinoma were carried out.Results Among 68 cases,complete ablation were 5 cases(5/68),tumor ablation area more than 50% or tumor shrinkage less than 30% were 59 cases(59/ 68),tumor ablation area less than 50% or tumor shrinkage more than 30% were 6 cases(6/68).Forty five cases with high AFP descended more than 50% after the procedure in 42 eases(93.33%).Thirty seven cases and 29 cases with increase of CEA and CA19-9 decreased to 28(75.97%)and 23(93.10%)cases with corresponding index decreasing more than 50% respectively.Survival time reached 4-6 months in 3 cases, more than 6 months for 31 cases,more than 12 months of 34 cases.Two cases among them showed no recurrence up to now after stoppage of treatment for 24 months and finally no correlative mortality occurred. Conclusion TACE combined with sonographically guided PMCT for hepatic carcinoma with diameter more than 5 cm is safe and effective.

Objective To investigate the distribution and sequence conservation of Hap adhensin encoding gene (hap) in clinical isolates of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), to screen out and identify the predominant T-and B-cell (T-B) combined antigenic epitopes on Hap protein and to analyze their immunogenicity.Methods Sequence conservation of hap genes in NTHi strains and T-B combined antigenic epitopes were predicted using bioinformatic softwares.PCR was used to amplify the 156 bp segment at 5′-end and the 855 bp segment at 3′-end of hap gene (hap-5′-156 and hap-3′-855) and the amplified products were sequenced.Phage display systems of seven T-B combined antigenic epitopes located on the 55 aa segment at N-terminal and the 285 aa segment at C-terminal of Hap protein (Hap-N52 and Hap-C285) were constructed.Western blot assay and ELISA were performed to detect the antigenicity and immunoreactivity of different T-B combined epitopes displayed by recombinant phage PⅢ protein (rPⅢ).Results Hap protein encoded by the hap gene in NTHi was located on membrane surface.Sequences of the 156 bp segment at 5′-end and the 855 bp segment at 3′-end of hap genes extracted from different NTHi strains were relatively conservative, but many mutations were found in sequences at the middle regions of these hap genes.All of the 56 NTHi strains carried hap-5′-156 and hap-3′-855 segments and shared 92.3％-100％ identities in nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these segements.Hap-N5-24 in the Hap-N52 segment as well as Hap-C4-27, Hap-C28-47, Hap-C114-129, Hap-C150-173, Hap-C200-227 and Hap-C241-267 in the Hap-C285 segment was predicted as the T-B combined antigenic epitope with a higher score and less mutations.Results of Western blot assay and ELISA confirmed that the rPⅢ-displayed Hap-C4-27 and Hap-C150-173 epitopes presented clear hybridization bands with NTHi antisera, and 96.9％ (63/65) and 92.3％ (60/65) of serum samples from children with NTHi infection were positive for antibodies against Hap-C4-27 and Hap-C150-173 epitopes, respectively.Conclusion The gene of hap is widely distributed in clinical isolates of NTHi.Moreover, sequences of the 156 pb segment at 5′-end and the 855 bp segment at 3′-end of hap gene are conservative.Hap-C4-27 and Hap-C150-173 are the predominant T-B combined antigenic epitopes on Hap protein, suggesting that they can be used as epitope candidates for developing multiple antigenic peptide vaccines against NTHi.

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the correlations of air displacement plethysmography (ADP, BOD-POD) with the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA, including TANITA and OMRON methods) and skinfold thickness (ST). Methods Six hundred and ninety-seven healthy Shanghai adults (471 male and 226 female), aged 20-to 59 year, were enrolled in this study. Measurement of body composition derived from ADP was used as the reference method. The validity of all of the other methods was assessed by comparison against the reference by one-way anova and bivariate correlations. Results Estimation of body fat percentage by BIA were highly correlated with that by ADP in both male and female subjects (r=0.702 to 0.760, P

Objective To study the antileukemia immune response of IL-18 gene transfected dendritic cells(DCs) of chronic myelogeous leukemia(CML).Methods DCs were transfected with IL-18 gene by liposomes in CML.The expression of IL-18 in IL-18 transfected DCs was detected.The percentages of CD80+ and CD86+ cells in IL-18 tranfected DCs were determined by FCM.The proliferation of T cell,NK and specific CTL kill activity induced by IL-18 gene transfected DCs were detected.Results The quantity of IL-18 in IL-18 tranfected DCs was(596?34.1)pg/2?106cells/48 h,while the culture medium of mock-transduced DCs and DCs did not secrete detectable levels of IL-18.The percentages of CD80+ and CD86+ cells in IL-18 tranfected DCs were higher than that in mock-transfected DCs(P

Objective To test the drug susceptibilities in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by microscopic observation drug susceptibility(MODS)and evaluate the method for the detection susceptibility in second-line drugs.Methods To set up the MODS method.the drug susceptibilities of 4 second-line drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis were tested in 24 well plates.The test conditions were discussed.The resistance to protionamide(PTH),amikacin(AMK),capreomycin(CPM)and levofloxacin(LVF)of 60 MTB isolated from 2007 to 2008 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were detected and compared with that of L-J method.The isolates were tested by minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)method when the drug susceptibilities were not consistent.Results Among the 60 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.the results of drug susceptibility were confirmed by MODS,absolute concentration method and the accordance rate of PTH,AMK,CPM and LVF were 96.7%(58/60),98.3%(59/60),91.7%(55/60)and 96.7%(58/60),respectively.If the result of absolute concentration method was as the standard.the sensitivity.specificity.positive and negative predictive value as well as accuracy were 100%,87.5%,87.5%,100%and 96.7%in PTH;100%,90.0%,90.0%,100%and 98.3% in AMK;76.9%,95.7%,83.3%,93.8%,91.7% in CPM;100%,96.0%,83.3%,100% and 96.7% in LVF respectively detected by MODS assay.Conclusion MODS is a rapid and simple method for susceptibility testing of second-line drug in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.