The response of murine lymphoreticular tissue with Special reference to regional lymph node after implantation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was investigated histologically and ultrastructurally. The tumor induced a vigorous histological response in both regional and nonregional lymph nodes that was proliferation of immunoblasts with enlargement of paracortical area in early stage and enlargement, fusion of germinal centers with an increased number of plasma cells in the medullary cords during the late stage of tumor growth.The results suggested that the response of lymph nodes might be mainly related to cell-mediated immune mechanism in the early stage and humoral immunity during the late stage of tumor growth. Regional lymph node gave reaction earlier and more vigorously in participating cell-mediated immunity, nonregional lymph node might be more significantly involved in humoral immunity. It was observed ultrastructurally that sinus histiocyte engulfed tumor cell in which the cooperation with lymphocyte might be necessary. The experimental results indicated that the increased number of immunoblast in paracortex may be considered as an indicator for antitumor cellmediated immunity with an important prognostic significance for host bearing tumor.

Acute radiation dermatitis is one of the most common toxicities of radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It leads to a series of symptoms such as erythema, desquamation and necrosis, which severely affect the quality of life. No concensus has been achieved on the standard prevention and treatment. In this article, literature review was performed in the prevention and treatment of acute radiation dermatitis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and relevant problems and prospects were proposed, aiming to provide certain reference for clinical trial and scientific research.

Newly synthesized retinoic acid derivative-retinamide (RII) was employed as differentiation inducing agent. Cultured tumor cells of epithelial origin were exposed to 10-5mol/L RII for 5 passages. These cells included mouse fore stomach carcinoma (MFC, lung metastatic rate 85%), human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE-2Z, 56%), and clonal variants from CNE-2Z, CNE2L2 (100%) and CNE2L4 (13%) . The results of serial observation were as follows. The growth, clone-forming ability, motility, invasiveness of these tumor cells were obviously inhibted. Their adhesion to fibronectin and laminin was increased. Morphological ultrastructure changes, mainly of surface structure, were also observed. These changes suggested that RII made metastatic cells less aggressive and showed a tendency toward differentiation. After exposured to RII, different changes of oncogene and antioncogene expression of these tumor cells were detected. For example, RE caused expression of nm23in MFC cells, but down regulated (decreased) its expression in CNE2L2 cells and similar changes of rasH, fos, nm23, Rb. Expression were observed for CNE-2Z cells and its clonal variants CNE2L2 CNE2ZL2. RII down regulated both these oncogene and antioncogenes in both CNE-2Z and CNE2L2, but up regulated all of them in CNE2L4. The results indicated that oncogene and antioncogene may play different roles in different tumor cells, the same factor (RII) may lead to different changes of gene-expression in different metastatic tumor cells. So the function of oncogene and antioncogene may be of relativity and may be influenced by multifactors. Our data were mostly from in vitro experiments. It could not be deduced completely to a level as a whole in vivo.

The present experiment applied the freeze cracking technique and scanning electron microscopy for further studies of ultrastructural changes of cancer cells after they invaded into the organ. It was found that, after two days of cultivation, there were a lot of cancer ceils which adhered on to the surface of organ fragments. The cancer cells migrated on the surface of the organ and at the same time penetrated into the organ by stretching out their pseudopodia. After 3 days of cultivation, some cancer cells had already invaded into the organ. After invasion they connected target cells of the organ by different ways, but their filopodium is the important organelle for the connection and communication with those target cells.The cancer cells caught the projecting portion of surface of target cells by branches of filopodia forming a mosaic pattern with them. Sometimes the filopodia of cancer cells fused with the opposed surface of target cells by inserting into it. Some filopodia became short and thick inside the organ due probably to the limited distance between cancer cells and target cells when they were in close contact to each other. Once the tumor cell nests were formed in the organ, the tumor cells connected each other by stretching out pseudopodia from both poles, but kept a definite space between cells. It is postulated that these inter-cellular spaces were formed probably by the repelling force of the identical electric charge of the tumor cell membranes.

CNE cells were cultured on cover glasses placed in the culture flasks, and were examined under scanning electron microscope 6,24, 48,72, and 96 hours after cultivation. The results were as following: The surface structures of tumor cells changed in different intervals of cultivation. Evenly distributed zeiotic blebs were found on the surface of tumor cell after 24 hours of cultivation and most of these blebs were seen at marginal areas of tumor cells after 2 days of cultivation, and finally disappeared after 3 days of cultivation. In addition to the blebs some microvilli which had increased since the second day of cultivation were seen over the margin of tumor cells. On the third day of cultivation a large number of microvilli were seen distributed over the entire surface of tumor cells. Besides microvilli and zeiotie blebs, lamellipodia and ruffles were also observed after 24 hours, but vanished after 48 hours of cultivation. The filopodia were seen over the whole process of cultivation. They usually divided into 2、3 branches and the expanded ends looked like suckers. All these data indicated that the surface structure of tumor cells were variable in different periods of cultivation.

In order to investigate the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and DNA(3867) (mtDNA(3867)) deletion and the correlation between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells in mice with viral myocarditis, 50 BALB/c mice were divided into two groups randomly. In experimental group (n=40), the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL Eagle liquid with CVB3(TCID50=10(8)), while in the control group (n=10), the mice were subjected to equal volume of Eagle liquid. The impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA(3867) deletion rate of cardiac and skeletal muscle were detected separately at day 3, 11 and 24 after injection. The correlation of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA(3867) deletion rate between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells cells was analyzed using Spearman method. At the day 3 after injection, in both cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, mtDNA(3867) deletion rate was significantly higher in experimental group than in control group (P<0.05), but the localization of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid showed no difference between two groups (P>0.05). At day 11 after injection, the mtDNA(3867) deletion rate of both cells in experimental group was increased to the peak level (P<0.05), and the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization of both cells also increased markedly in experimental group as compared with control group (P>0.05). At the day 24 after injection, the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA(3867) deletion of both cells showed a recovery tendency, but still severer than those at the day 3 after injection (P<0.05). The impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA(3867) deletion were consistent and synchronistic between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, and showed good correlations (P<0.05). The impairment of mitochondria plays an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis, and the skeletal muscle cells might act as a peripheral "window" to reflect the mitochondrial damage of cardiac myocytes.

Objective To investigate the distribution of CYP2C9*3 and methionine synthetase(MSA2756G) genes related to drug therapy in hyperlipidemia patients of Ningxia region as well as its relation with hyperlipidemia.Methods Genotype was determined by using amplication-created restriction sites(ACRS) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) in hyperlipidemia patients.Results Among the 180 hyperlipidemia patients of Ningxia Hui population,the frequency of CYP2C9*3 alleles was 3.33% and mutation rate in men(3.05%) was significantly higher than that in women(0.28%)(P0.05).The frequency of MSA2756G(15.83%) alleles was significantly higher than that in healthy control group(10.25%)(P

Objective To investigate the factors and rate of the forming of the collateral feeding arteries from inferior phrenic artery(IPA) in hepatocellular carinoma(HCC).Methods IPA was demonstrated on angiographs in 137 patients with HCC during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE),TACE was performed through diaphragmatic inferior artery(DIA) super setectively.Results Of 137 cases,21 cases underwent TACE through DIA(15.3%),of them 2 cases were recurrent after surgical operation(9.5%),3 cases had the tumor receive blood supply from IPA at first TACE(14.3%) and 16 cases were occured after TACE tow and more times(76.2%).Conclusion Collateral branches originated from IPA are important feeding arteries in HCC,TACE of IPA can be performed with a high success rate without major complications.

Adriamycin (ADM) was encapsulated in multivesicular lipasomes which composed of lipids of eggs origin. The chemothera-peutic activity of the encapsulated ADM was compared with that of free ADM at equal doses in micc bearing SRS lymphoma. The results showed that encapsulation of ADM into lipo-somes resulting in markedly increased efficacy than free ADM. At the dose of 1 mg?kg-1 (every 24 h for 3 separate intraperitoneal injections) , free ADM and ADM entrapped intolipasomes with the same dose had 1. 5 times and 3 times increase the survival time of SRS lymphoma mice respectively as compared with that of the control. The curative rate of mice treated by liposome ADM was 100% on 30 days and 60% on 60 days. The results of LD50 determination showed that the acute toxicity of mice treated by liposome ADM was much less than that of the mice treated with free ADM.

Walker carcinosarcoma 256 cells were injected intradermally into the medialaspect of right footpad of rats.After injection,the drained lymph nodes and overthe area of route of entry were examined microscopically in different period,inorder to determine the positive rate of appearance of cancer cells and metastasis inlymph nodes as well as other pathological changes.In the local area of inoculation cancer cells were noticed passing through spacesbetween the endothelial cells by ameboid movement into capillary lymph-vessels ormoved along with the lymph stream and get in to the capillary lymph-vessels fromtheir open ends.Individual or clumped cancer cells were seen in lymph-vesselsunder the epithelium and in the afferent lymph-vessels of lymph nodes.One hourafter the injection individual cancer cells were found first in the popliteal lymph nodes,then in the lumbar or renal lymph nodes on the third day.These cancer cellsappeared in the subcapsular sinuses at first,then in the intermediate and medullarysinuses subsequently and might be passed from one lymph node to another throughthe efferent lymph-vessels,for instance,cancer cells in popliteal nodes might migrateto lumbal or renal lymph nodes.When the cancer cells in lymph nodes became amass of a certain size associating with mitotic figures,a metastatic focus was thenestablished.Within twelve days after the inoculation,the total positive rates ofcancer cells and metastasis present in the popliteal lymph nodes were 59.5% and thetotal positive rate of multiple metastasis present simultaneously in several lymphnodes was 18.9 per sent.In addition to metastasis,these lymph nodes showed also themselves some im-mune changes,as including proliferation and enlargement of lymph follicles in cortex;widening of the paracortical area;ameboid movement present in different forms ofsmall lymphocytes and reticulosis,transformation of plasmacytes as well as increaseof immunoblasts.