285 cases of maternal deaths in Xian area from1980～1990 were reported. The average maternalmortality in urban and rural areas were 16. 3/100000 and 73. 8/100000 respectively, a differenceof 4. 5 times. The main cause of maternal deathwas obstetrical hemorrhage (49. 8%), the nextwere pregnacy indced hypertension and cardiac dis-eases. Of the 285 cases,36. 8% had no antenatalcare. In urban areas maternal death occarred all inhospitals, but in the rural areas 39. 2% happenedat home or on the way to hospitals. Positive. sug-gestions were given according to the major influ-ence factors on safe motherhood.

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) on cerebral O2 supply/consumption and energy metabolism in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia combined with continuous epidural block. Methods Fourteen ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes (9 male, 5 female) aged 44-62 yrs weighing 55-70 kg undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia combined with epidural block were enrolled in this study. Lactated Ringer's solution 6-8 ml?kg-1 was infused before anesthesia. After correct placement of epidural catheter was confirmed radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling. BP, EGG, SpO2 and PET CO2 were continuously monitored during anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, midazolam, propofol and rocuronium and maintained with iaoflurane and intermittent i. v. boluses of vecuronium. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated. PET CO2 was maintained at 30-35 mm Hg. Epidural block was produced by a mixture of 1.33 % lidocaine + 0.167 % dicaine. Right internal jugular vein was retrogradely cannulated and advanced cephalad until jugular bulb for blood sampling. AHH was conducted by infusing 6% HES 20 ml?kg-1 at 50 ml?min-1 after induction of general anesthesia. Blood samples were taken from artery (a) and jugular venous bulb (jv) simultaneously before AHH (T0) at 15 min (T1) and 120 min (T2) after AHH was accomplished for blood gas analysis and determination of Hb, glucose and lactate concentrations. Cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2), glucose extraction rate (CMRglu) , arterial-jugular bulb venous O2 content difference (D a-jvO2) and arterial-jugular bulb venous lactate difference (VADL) were calculated. Results At the end of AHH Hct and Hb decreased by 20% as compared to the baseline values before AHH. S jvO2 was significantly higher, D a-jvO2 smaller and CERO2 lower at T1 than at T0. There were no significant differences in BP, HR, CMRglu and VADL at all time points. Conclusion AHH can increase cerebral O2 supply and has no significant effect on cerebral glucose metabolism during operation performed under general anesthesia combined with epidural block.

Objective To explore clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with lupus erythematosus (LE).Methods Data were obtained from the Lupus Erythematosus Multicenter Case-control Study in Chinese populations (LEMCSC).A unified standard was used to recruit patients and collect clinical information.The EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 18 softwares were utilized to input and analyze data respectively.Results One thousand and six patients (87.6％ female) with lupus erythematosus (LE) were included in this analysis,of whom,887 (89.9％ female) had systemic LE (SLE),and 119 (70.6％ female) had isolated cutaneous LE (CLE).The most common involved system in SLE patients was skin (72.7％),followed by joints (69.2％),hematological system (60.8％),kidney (48.5％),serosa (18.2％),and nervous system (5.7％).The appearance of LE-specific skin manifestations was associated with an increased risk of arthritis (odds ratio [OR] =1.612,95％ confidence interval [CI]:1.181-2.200),but with a decreased risk of nephritis (OR =0.218,95％ CI:0.157-0.303) and serositis (OR =0.311,95％ CI:0.218-0.443).The presence of acute CLE (ACLE) lesions was a risk factor for systemic involvement (OR =4.931,95％ CI:3.232-7.524),while that of chronic CLE (CCLE) lesions was a protective factor for systemic involvement (OR =0.355,95％ CI:0.234-0.541).The appearance of LE-nonspecific skin manifestations was closely correlated with the involvement of internal organs in patients with LE.Conclusion This study revealed main characteristics of LE patients in China and the relationship between LE-related skin lesions and internal organ involvement.

Background The pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and high myopia are very complex.To construct the regulatory network of virulence genes and relevant genes that involved in pathogenicity are helpful for reveal of the pathogenesis.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate myocilin(Myoc),a gene that contributes to POAG and high myopia in eyes of BXD Recombinant Inbred(BXD RI)mice and construct the regulatory network of Myoc.Methods The affymetrix microarray system was used to detect the differential expression of Myoc in the eyes of C57BL/6J(B6),DBA/2J(D2) and BXD RI mice.Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping was performed to construct the regulatory network of Myoc gene.Results The average expression level of the Myoc gene in the BXD strains was 10.83,and the gene exhibited expression levels ranging from 8.39 in BXD55 mice tol 1.43 in B6 mice.The eQTL mapping for the Myoc gene showed a significant likelihood ratio statistic (LRS) of 21.78.The QTL was mapped in chromosome 2,and Myoc was located on chromosome 1,indicating that the Myoc gene was a trans-acting QTL.Olfml2a was identified to be a candidate upstream gene of Myoc by analysis of bioinformatics.Genetic regulatory network analysis demonstrated that a series of genes associated with Myoc probably played roles in the pathogenesis and development of POAG and high myopia.Conclusions The genetical genomics approach provides a powerful tool for constructing pathways that contribute to complex traits,such as POAG and high myopia.

Objective To explore the effect of the JAK/STAT signal pathway on the apoptosis-related gene in the synovial tissue of rat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Fifty rat models of collagen-induced arthritis,whose arthritis index was more than 2,were divided into the model group,the low dose of AG490 group,the medium dose of AG490 group and the high dose of AG490 group.In addition,6 rats were treated intraperitoneal injection.Then,the arthritis index and the change of apoptosis-related genes were compared.Multiple-sample average was analyzed by single-factor x2 test and LSD-t or Tamhane's T 2 test were used for two-two comparison.Results The arthritis index of the model group increased evidently,and the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2,Bcl-xl gene and protein expression was up-regulated,which was significantly different when compared with that of the control group(0.931±0.035 vs 0.351±0.024,0.920±0.037 vs 0.271±0.029,0.322±0.047 vs 0.230±0.031 ).The expression of apoptosis promoting factor Bax wasslightly up-regulated.The blockage of JAK/STAT pathway cotld down-regulate the expression levels of the gene and protein of survivins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl,and up-regulate the gene and protein expressions of Bax.Conclusion In the process of RA development,apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2,Bcl-xl gene and protein expression is up-regulated.JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway regulates the apoptosis process.

Objective To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing Dickkopf1 (DKK1) (Ad-DKK1) and study the expression of ?-catenin in melanoma cells A375 after Ad-DKK1 infection. Methods DKK1 gene was amplified by PCR and subcloned to shuttle plasmid Adeasy by molecular cloning and adenovirus recombination technique,then converted in BJAdeasy cells. The recombinant adenovirus plasmid was generated. After cut by PacⅠ enzyme,the recombinant adenovirus plasmid Ad-DKK1 was packaged and amplified in HEK293 cells. Ad-DKK1 effect group,Ad-SimDKK1 effect group,Ad-GFP effect group,Ad-RFP effect group and blank group were used to infect the A375 cells in multiplicity of infection (MOI) 80,and cell morphology was observed. The expression of DKK1 and ?-catenin in A375 cells was detected by RT-PCR. Cell vitality was detected by MTT assay. Results Ad-DKK1 was proved to be recombined successfully by identification with restriction enzyme and sequencing. The infection was efficient (80%) in A375 cells. The expression of DKK1 had significant difference between Ad-DKK1 effect group (1.638?0.067) and other 4 groups (0.718?0.086,1.424?0.125,1.414?0.089 and 1.423?0.088) (P

Objective To investigate the expression of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its clinical value.Methods From April 2014 to December 2015,Serum samples of 92 non-cancer patients diagnosed as CKD and 84 healthy controls were collected in Nantong University Hospital.HE4,BUN,Scr,Cys C and β2MG were detected.The difference of HE4 expression in different stages of CKD and the correlation of HE4 with Urea,Scr,Cys C and β2MG were analysized,respectively.ROC curve was used to evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value of HE4,BUN,Scr,Cys C and β2MG.Results The serum HE4 expression in patients with impaired renal function was 388.2 (130.1～1 659.5)mIu/ L,(F=16.237,P=0.001).Which was significantly higher than that in the control group [38.1 (32.77 ～ 48.17)mIu/L].The serum HE4 expression was increased by the stage of renal damage and the difference was existed among different groups (P＜0.05).HE4 expression was positive related with Cys C and β2MG.The AUC of HE4,BUN,Scr,Cys C and β2MG were 0.878,0.785,0.816,0.874 and 0.819,respectively.Conlusion It needs to consider the exsits of impaired renal function when the HE4 was detected.The HE4 might be a novel early diagnostic indication for CKD.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atrial Fibrillation ; blood ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood

Background Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)plays an important role in glucose metabolism,and it may be affect the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy(DR).ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the effect of valsartan and fluvastatin on the expression of GSK-3β in retina of diabetes rat model.MethodsDiabetes mellitus models were induced by intrapenetoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) in 47 clean Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and were then randomedly divided into 4 groups.Ten other normal rats were served as normal control group.Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose solution,valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan+fluvastatin and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose solution was given by oral once per day for 12 weeks respectively in diabetes control group ( n =12),valsartan group ( n =12 ),fluvastatin group ( n =11 ),valsartau + fluvastatin group ( n =12 ) and normal control group.Twelve weeks after administration of drugs,blood glucose was measured and compared among various groups,and the expression of p-GSK-3β ( Ser-9 ) protein in retina was quantified and located by Western blot and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results Twelve weeks after use of drugs,the level of blood glucose was(5.28±0.30),(26.08±3.33 ),(26.03 ±2.66 ),(25.90± 2.86 ),(25.99 ± 2.14 ) mmol/L in the normal control group,diabetes control group,valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan + fluvastatin group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 5 groups ( F =110.74,P＜0.01 ).Western blot showed that the grey value of p-GSK-3β ( Ser-9 ) /β-actin in retina in the diabetic control group was significant higher than the normal group(2.774±0.139 vs 1.927±0.111,q =15.79,P＜0.01 ),and that in valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan+fluvastatin group was lower than the diabetic control group ( 1.895 ±0.090,2.051 ± 0.113,1.537 ± 0.071 vs 2.774 ± 0.139 ) ( q =1 3.69,13.48,23.06,P ＜ 0.01 ).The grey value of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9)/β-actin in the valsartan+fluvastatin group was declined in comparison with the valsartan group and fluvastatin group ( q =6.67,9.58,P＜0.01 ).Immunohistochemistry showed that the p-GSK-3β(Ser-9) protein was expressed all over the retinal layers and obviously in retinal ganglion cell layer(GCL) in normal control group.But the p-GSK-3β(Ser-9) protein was expressed significantly in diabetic control group.The expression of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9)protein was attenuated both in valsartan and fluvastatin groups and further attenuated in valsartan + fluvastatin group. Conclusions p-GSK-3β (Ser-9) protein is overexpressed in GCL of retina of diabetes rat.Both valsartan and fluvastatin can inhibit the expression of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9) and even getting stronger when they combined.

OBJECTIVE: To test the technical parameters of GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit for its application to forensic application value and to investigate the genetic polymorphisms. METHODS: The validation was conducted in sensitivity, mixed samples, species specificity, adaptability, survivability, consistency, peak height balance and stability. The amplification and detection of the genomic DNA from 373 unrelated individuals from Beijing Han nationality were extracted by automation workstation. RESULTS: Global-Filer® PCR Amplification Kit was adaptive to some mixed, degraded and inhibited samples. The power of sensitivity and adaptability and peak height balance showed well. The distributions of genotype frequencies for 21 STR loci in the population were all in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The PIC value of the 21 STR loci was among 0.536 to 0.940; the H value was among 0.558 to 0.933; the DP value was among 0.783 to 0.992; the PE value was among 0.243 to 0.874. CONCLUSION GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit is suitable for criminal cases and DNA database in forensic practice. And 21 STR loci in Beijing Han nationality have high polymorphism, which have application value in forensic practice and population genetics.
Asian People/genetics* ; Beijing ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Ethnicity ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci/genetics* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproducibility of Results ; Species Specificity