Phospho-histone H2AX(γH2AX) has been widely used in vitro genotoxicity evaluation of ionizing radiation, carcinogenic substances and cigarette smoke as an important biomarker of DNA double stranded breaks ( DSBs) . The study developed an enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay for detection of the content ofγH2AX in cells to evaluate the genotoxicity of cigarette smoke. The study exposed CHO cells with cigarette smoke total particulate matter ( TPM) and cigarette smoke condensate ( CSC) of different dose, dose-effect relationship between smoke exposure and DNA damage and the poisonous difference of cigarette smoke components has been investigated by detecting the content change ofγH2 AX in cells under different exposure time and dose. In addition, reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in cells were also detected to study the mechanism of cigarette smoke exposure induced DSBs. The experiment result showed that the required time for the level ofγH2AX in cells grew to the peak prolonged with increased exposure dose. Once the level of γH2AX in cells grew to the peak value, then it decreased slowly; the level of γH2AX in cells rised with increasing dose of cigarette smoke;The effect of TPM on the content change of γH2AX was more than CSC; Moreover, smoke exposure could induce concentration increase of ROS in cells, and a good correlation of content change of ROS and γH2AX in cells were found, free radicals in cigarette smoke may be one major cause of DSBs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of Zishen Shengxue Recipe (ZSR) in treating renal anemia by observing its effect on serum level of endogenous erythropoietin in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

METHODSSixty renal anemia patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis were randomly and equally assigned to two groups. The treated group was treated with subcutaneous injection of erythropoiesis stimulating factor (rHuEpo) combined with oral intake of ZSR, and the control group treated with rHuEpo alone. They were observed for eight weeks, and the blood levels of endogenous human erythropoietin (Epo), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), as well as the residual renal function (RRF) in the two groups were compared.

RESULTSSerum Epo level in the control group was unchanged after treatment (P>0.05), while that in the treated group increased significantly, and showed significant difference in comparing with that in the control group (P<0.05). Levels of Hgb and Hct increased and RRF decreased in both groups (P<0.01), but the treated group showed higher increments and lesser decrement than those in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSZSR can enhance the blood levels of Hgb, Hct and Epo, postpone the descent of RRF, and correct the anemic status in patients. Its mechanism of action is possibly through alleviating the inhibition of uremic toxin on erythropoiesis, in the meanwhile of promoting the secretion of Epo.

Adult ; Anemia ; blood ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Erythropoiesis ; drug effects ; Erythropoietin ; blood ; Female ; Hematinics ; therapeutic use ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Dialysis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT in detecting the primary tumor in patients with metastatic cancers of unknown primary origin.

METHODSSixty-seven patients with metastatic cancers of unknown primary origin after extensive conventional diagnostic work-up were enrolled into this study. (18)F-FDG PET-CT scans were performed at approximately 60 minutes after the intravenous injection of 7.4 MBq (18)F-FDG/kg, then delayed imaging scans was done at approximately 180 minutes for detecting the primary focus. The standardized uptake value (SUV) >or= 2.5 on standard PET/CT imaging was considered as positive. Ten percent increase of retention index (RI) was also regarded as positive. The correlation between (18)F-FDG PET-CT results and histopathological and clinical findings were analyzed, and the SUV of detected primary focus and that of metastatic cancers were compared.

RESULTSOf the 67 patients, the primary tumors were identified in 39 (53.7%) by (18)F-FDG PET-CT, and 36 of them were confirmed by pathology or follow-up. Thirteen distant metastases and seventeen lymphatic metastases were newly discovered by whole body (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging. The SUV of metastatic tumors was significantly lower than that of primary tumors (t = 3.470,P = 0.001) and closely correlated with that of the primary tumors (r = 0.738, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSION(18)F-FDG PET-CT is not only valuable in identifying the unknown primary tumor in patients with metastatic carcinoma, but can also be used to reveal the biological characteristics of the tumors by functional imaging.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary ; diagnostic imaging ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in detecting the primary tumor in patients with metastatic cancers of unknown primary origin. Methods Sixty-seven patients with metastatic cancers of unknown primary origin after extensive conventional diagnostic work-up were enrolled into this study, 18F-FDG PET-CT scans were performed at approximately 60 minutes after the intravenous injection of 7.4 MBq 18F-FDG/kg, then delayed imaging scans was done at approximately 180 minutes for detecting the primary focus. The standardized uptake value (SUV)≥2.5 on standard PET/CT imaging was considered as positive. Ten percent increase of retention index (RI) was also regarded as positive. The correlation between 18F-FDG PET-CT results and histopathological and clinical findings were analyzed, and the SUV of detected primary focus and that of metastatic cancers were compared. Results Of the 67 patients, the primary tumors were identified in 39 (53.7%) by 18F-FDG PET-CT, and 36 of them were confirmed by pathology or follow-up. Thirteen distant metastases and seventeen lymphatic metastases were newly discovered by whole body 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging. The SUV of metastatic tumors was significantly lower than that of primary tumors (t=3.470, P=0.001) and closely correlated with that of the primary tumors (r=0.738, P=0.000). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET-CT is not only valuable in identifying the unknown primary tumor in patients with metastatic carcinoma, but can also be used to reveal the biological characteristics of the tumors by functional imaging.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in detecting the primary tumor in patients with metastatic cancers of unknown primary origin. Methods Sixty-seven patients with metastatic cancers of unknown primary origin after extensive conventional diagnostic work-up were enrolled into this study, 18F-FDG PET-CT scans were performed at approximately 60 minutes after the intravenous injection of 7.4 MBq 18F-FDG/kg, then delayed imaging scans was done at approximately 180 minutes for detecting the primary focus. The standardized uptake value (SUV)≥2.5 on standard PET/CT imaging was considered as positive. Ten percent increase of retention index (RI) was also regarded as positive. The correlation between 18F-FDG PET-CT results and histopathological and clinical findings were analyzed, and the SUV of detected primary focus and that of metastatic cancers were compared. Results Of the 67 patients, the primary tumors were identified in 39 (53.7%) by 18F-FDG PET-CT, and 36 of them were confirmed by pathology or follow-up. Thirteen distant metastases and seventeen lymphatic metastases were newly discovered by whole body 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging. The SUV of metastatic tumors was significantly lower than that of primary tumors (t=3.470, P=0.001) and closely correlated with that of the primary tumors (r=0.738, P=0.000). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET-CT is not only valuable in identifying the unknown primary tumor in patients with metastatic carcinoma, but can also be used to reveal the biological characteristics of the tumors by functional imaging.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of one-stop hybrid coronary revascularization [simultaneous minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery (MIDCAB) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures performed in an enhanced (or called "hybrid") operative unit] for the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease. Methods From June 2007 to April 2009, 14 patients [13 male, mean age: (60.4±15.4) years] underwent the one-stop hybrid approach in the "hybrid" operating room. Proximal lesions were evidenced in 5 patients and distal or bifurcation lesions in 11 patients. MIDCAB procedure for grafting of the left intramammary artery (LIMA) with the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was first performed via lower partial ministernotomy on the beating heart, followed by PCI on the LMCA disease and non-LAD coronary lesions. Results Operation was successful in all patients underwent the one-stop hybrid procedure. LIMA grafts were used in all 14 patients and confirmed to be patent by angiography. A total of 25 non-LAD coronary lesions were treated by PCI and 29 stents (27drug-elutiag stents and 2 bare-mental stents) were implanted to 23 lesions and coronary angioplasty was performed in the remaining lesions. There was no death, perioperative myocardial infarction, stroke or repeat revascularization during the procedure and the follow-up period. All the patients remained free from angina during the 7.9 months (range 1-15 months) follow-up period. LIMA grafts and stents were patent in 5 patients at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions Our initial experience demonstrates that one-stop hybrid coronary revascularization provides a reasonable, feasible and safe alternative for selected patients with LMCA diseases.

The dialysis method was employed to load adriamycin into the micelles formed by temperature and pH sensitive polyhistidine-co-DL-lactide-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-histidine (OLH-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-OLH). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the copolymer was measured with pyrene fluorescent probe method under different temperatures. The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were determined with dialysis method. The diameter, morphology and surface potential of the copolymer micelles were investigated by corresponding instruments, respectively. The release behavior of adriamycin from copolymer micelles and the pH sensitivity were studied. The CMC of the copolymers ranged from 0.022 4 to 0.001 7 microg x mL(-1). The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were 92.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The micelles have a mean diameter of (61.7 +/- 13.4) nm, and zeta potential was -9.88 mV. The in vitro adriamycin release rate increased with the pH dropping from 7.4 to 5.0. The results indicated that the CMC of the copolymers decreased as the raising of temperature, drug release behavior from the micelles possessed clearly pH sensitivity, and the copolymers may have a potential in targeted delivery system for anticancer drugs.
Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Micelles ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyglactin 910 ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo study the method with endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique through the supraorbital keyhole approach to treat aneurysms in the anterior circulation.

METHODSAccording to preoperative diagnostic imagings, to work out of the individual operation planning. Skin incision was made in the eyebrow, and the diameter of supraorbital craniotomy was about 2 cm, endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique was used to clip aneurysm. The technique was used in the most recent 12 consecutive patients.

RESULTSFive different kinds of aneurysms in the anterior circulation were clipped through this method and 12 patients were cured. One patient, intraoperative accidental aneurysm rupture occurred. There were no approach-related complications.

CONCLUSIONSThis endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique via supraorbital keyhole approach is a safe, minimal invasive and effective way for the treatment of aneurysms in the anterior circulation, and there is more sufficient operating space.

Adult ; Aged ; Craniotomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendoscopy ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique with supraorbital keyhole approach for the treatment of suprasellar region tumor so as to maximize tumor removal and minimize operative-trauma.

METHODSAccording to high resolution CT and MR images before operation, individual operation schemes were worked out. Skin incision was made in the eyebrow, and the diameter of supraorbital craniotomy was approximately 2 cm. Endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique was used to resect lesions in 16 consecutive patients.

RESULTSTotal Tumors were removed in all of the 16 patients via the supraorbital keyhole approach. No postoperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONSSupraorbital keyhole approach may diminish tissue injury considerably and has proven to provide sufficient operating space in the suprasellar region for tumor removal.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the newborn's Apgar score in 'one minute' and relevant factors.

METHODSOne year inpatient woman from a Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Anhui province were selected by cluster sampling method and newborn asphyxia situation was investigated using Apgar score and self-designed questionnaire.

RESULTSThe Apgar score in 'one minute' which marking 8 to 10, 4 to 7 and 0 to 3 were found in 1875 (73.78%), 426 (16.77%) and 240 infants (9.45%) respectively. The average Apgar score in 'one minute' and five minutes were (7.69 +/- 2.27) and (9.01 +/- 1.89) respectively, The Apgar score in 'one minute' was significantly correlated with that of five minutes (Pearson coefficient correlation r = 0.841, P = 0.00). Ordinal regression analysis revealed that parturient age (OR = 1.04), being farmer (OR = 2.22), parity (OR = 1.26), assistant vaginal delivery (OR = 4.93), caesarean section (OR = 1.95), pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (OR = 1.42), albuminuria in gestational period (OR = 1.44), newborn being male (OR = 1.23), low birth weight (OR = 2.94), inborn abnormality (OR = 12.12), premature birth (OR = 1.22) and complications of delivery (OR = 5.04) were risk factors while the number of years under study (OR = 0.91), prenatal check-up (OR = 0.48), body length of newborn infant (OR = 0.88) and single birth (OR = 0.57) were protective factors.

CONCLUSIONApgar score in 'one minute' of newborn infant was affected by several factors as stated above. Health care program in earlier period toward community parturient should be strengthened in order to discover and control high risk factors of duration of pregnancy in earlier period.

Apgar Score ; Asphyxia Neonatorum ; epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors