To clarify the origin and development of the traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo" with medicinal literatures. Medical literatures of past dynasties were analysed and combined with the modern material. The "Duhuo" in Herbal writing Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing include traditional Chinese medicine "Duhuo" and "Qianghuo", "Qianghuo" was separated from "Duhuo" due to the distinguish of clinical application. The origin of "Qianghuo" is Notopterygium incisum and N. forbesii, However, The origin of "Duhuo" is very complex, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata as authentic "Duhuo" was used from Song Dynasty. "Qianghuo" was originated from "Duhuo".
Angelica ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Geography ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research ; Species Specificity

Objective To evaluate whether therapeutic ultrasound, applied alone or with urokinase, may have a thrombolytic effect on blood clots in vitro, and the other factors influencing the urokinase-mediated thrombolysis. Methods Experiments were carried out in an in vitro blood clot model.The blood clots were divided into four groups as physiological solution group(NS), urokinase group(UK),physiological solution plus ultrasound group(NS + US), urokinase group plus ultrasound group(UK + US).After intervention of one hour in static 37 ℃ water bath, each group of blood clots was weighed. After that,the weight loss and thrombolysis rate of the blood clots in each group were calculated. To observe the impact of the age of the blood clots on urokinase-mediated thrombolysis rate, the thrombolysis rate of eight time points 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 hours was tested. The time was determined from the blood drawn from the body to the initiation of thrombolysis test. Results In terms of thrombolysis rate, there was significant difference between UK group and UK + US group(LSD-t 12. 1, P ＜ 0.01), with a thrombolysis rate 29. 3% ±8. 2% and 37. 5% ±7. 9%, respectively. However, the difference of thrombolysis rate between NS group and NS + US group with a thrombolysis rate 13. 4% ±4. 4% and 14. 5% ± 5.4%, respectively,was not statistically significant with a P value of 0. 08(LSD-t 1.8). The age of the blood clots had a negative correlation to the thrombolysis rate to some extent. Conclusion Therapeutic ultrasound has a significant effect on thrombolysis in combination with urokinase rather than used alone. To a certain extent,the thrombolysis rate decreases with the age of blood clot.

To clarify the origin and application development of the traditional Chinese medicine " Zi-hua Qianhu" and " Qianhu", the medicinal literatures of past dynasties and modern researches were analysed. The plant Angelica decursivum was used as a substitute for traditional Chinese medicine "Angelica sinensis Radix" for a long historical period, it is used incorrectly for traditional Chinese medicine "Qianhu" due to origin research in modern times. The plant origin of "Qianhu" is Peucedanum praeruptorum. There are significant differences in clinical applications and chemical composition of the two drugs. The same efficacy description of "Zi-huaQianhu" and "Qianhu" could not stop "Zi-huaQianhu" used as "Qianhu" in practical application. Therefore, we need to further research for the plant A. decursivum, delimit its medicinal attribution.
Angelica ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Pharmacopoeias as Topic ; history ; Phytotherapy ; history

Objective To analyze the stroke subtypes and influencing factors in four largest economic regions of China.Methods We analyzed the investigation data of QUEST(Quality Evaluation of Stroke Care and Treatment)study conducted in 2006 which included 62 hospitals in a national scale.According to the concept of four economic regions designed by the Development Research Center of the State Council,we performed the univariate and multivariate analysis for the stroke subtypes and its related risk factors in the different economic regions.Results There were 3362(73.5％)ischemic stroke patients and 1214(26.5％)hemorrhagic stroke patients among the total 4576 first-ever stroke patients.Comparison of stroke subtypes in the four different economic regions was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.001),with a percentage of 80.8％ ischemic stroke patients in the northeastern region,78.9％ in the eastern region,68.3％ in the central region and 67.0％ in the western region.The comparisons of risk factors such as history of hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidaemia,coronary artery event,atrial fibrillation,and overweight in the four different economic regions were also statistically significant(P ＜0.05).Conclusions The subtypes of first-ever stroke vary in the four largest economic regions with a highest proportion of ischemic stroke in the northeastern region and relatively high proportion of hemorrhagic stroke in the central and western economic regions.There are also discrepancies of stroke risk factors in the different economic regions.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of normal hematopoietic and without causing the increase of relapse rate of amifostine in patients with acute myeloid chemotherapy.Methods One hundred and forty-two acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients were selected and divided into combination group(n =56) and chemotherapy alone group (n =86).Hematological toxicity and non-hematologic toxicity,response rate,duration of response of patients were prospective,non-randomized,case-control study.Results Fifty-six patients in combined group included 30 male and 26 female patients,and 18 patients in high risk stage and 32 patients in intermediate risk stage and 6 patients in low risk.The median age was (35.14 ± 14.42) year in combination group.Chemotherapy alone group included 58 male 28 female patients,and 14 patients in high risk and 64 patients in intermediate risk and 8 patients in low risk.The median age was (46.58 ± 16.99) year.There were no significant difference between two groups in terms of gender (P =0.318) and risk stage(P =0.262).But more young patients were in combination group compared with chemotherapy alone group and there was significant difference(P =0.004).In combination group,42.9％ (24 cases)patients got high Ara-C dose and 32.1％ (18 cases) patients got high HAA dose chemotherapy compared with control group (14.9％ (12 cases)and 20.9％ (18 cases)).The during periods of platelet with ＜20 × 109/L in combination was 0(0,7) day,lower than that in chemotherapy alone group (9 (4,14),P =0.01).Meanwhile the volume of platelet infusion in combination group was less than that in chemotherapy alone group and the nadir of platelet4(0(0,3) U vs.4(1,6) U,P =0.02).No statistic difference was found in two groups regarding of non-hematological side effects and the relapse rate (before and after treatment,combination group:96.4％ (54/56) ; Chemotherapy alone group:98.8 ％ (85/86) ; P=0.062).Conclusion Amifostine may provide protection for AML patients,can short duration of thrombocytopenia,reduce platelet transfusions,and other side effect was no significant difference.

Objective To explore the efficacy difference of biliary stent combined with 125I seed intracavity irradiation and palliative biliary drainage in the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by pancreatic head cancer. Methods The clinic date of 95 patients with pancreatic head cancer who underwent palliative surgery from June 2010 to June 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. 46 of the cases were treated with percutaneous biliary metal stent implantation combined with 125I seed intracavity irradiation (stent group), and the other 49 cases were treated with palliative biliary enterostomy (surgery group). The levels of jaundice, liver function, tumor size, survival time and hospitalization cost were compared between the patients before and after treatment. Paired t-test was applied for statistical analysis. Results Both the two treatment coulel effectively relieve jaundice and improve liver function. The mean TBIL of surgery group and stent group was (29.4±9.6) and (21.0±8.0)μmol/L after three months treanment, (40.3±11.0) and (24.4±9.6)μmol/L after six months treatment, respectively. Tumor maximum diameter of the two groups were (37.9 ± 4.5) mm and (33.5 ± 6.0)mm after three months treatment, (45.9 ± 5.0) mm and (37.0 ± 6.5) mm after six months, respectively. Each time point between them had statistical significance (t=-4.235,-5.476,-3.654,-6.702, P<0.05). The mean survival time was (12.83 ± 0.80) months in the stent group and (9.06±0.49) months in the surgery group, the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.49, P<0.01). The mean hospitalization cost of the stent group was (38 453.0 ± 7 282.0) yuan and the surgery group was (43 057.0 ± 7 667.4) yuan, the difference was statistically significant (t= 2.759, P<0.05). Conclusion For inoperable pancreatic head cancer patients, compared with palliative biliary enteric drainage, percutaneous biliary stent placement combined with 125I seed intracavity irradiation can effectively relieve biliary obstruction, improve liver function, inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival time.

Objective To explore the changes of plasma somatostatin(SST) in children with septic shock.Methods The level of plasma SST in children with septic shock (test group,n=21) on an empty stomach at shock stage,blood pressure and heart rate recovery stage,recovery stage(at that time clinical symptoms and signs disappeared,infection indicators such as blood routine and CRP returned to normal,about 6-12 days after admission) were detected by competive radioimmunassay,the level of SST in healthy children(healthy control group,n=25) on an empty stomach on morning was detected,too.The levels of plasma SST between septic shock concbined with paralytic ileus group and without paralytic ileus group were compared.Results 1.Level of plasma SST of test group at shock stage[(44.60?16.83) ng/L]was significantly lower than that of control group[(123.15?6.57) ng/L](t=-12.16 P0.05).The level of plasma SST of children with paralytic ileus [(28.10?7.0) ng/L] was significantly lower than that of children without paralytic ileus [(56.98?9.44) ng/L](t=-7.70 P

Objectives:To compare the feasibility, complications and advantages of the nose intestine tube and the jejunostic tube in early enteral nutrition after gastrointestinal operation. Methods:55 postoprative patients were divided into three groups. The nose intestine tube group(A group, n =20) and the jejunostic tube group(B group, n =19)received the enteral nutrition(Nutrison Fibre) enterally for 7 days and the conrtrol group(C group, n =16)received intravenous isotonic glucose solution and oral liquid diet after the bowel movement recovery,The blood glucose, the function of liver and kidney, electrolytes and nutritional status were observed. The recovery of bowel movement and other digestive symptoms such as abdominal pain, distention,diarrhea,nausea and vomiting were observed during the period of study. Some complications such as acute intestinal obstruction,pnumonia and rhinolaryngitis were observed during the period of study. Results:The time for placing the jejunostic tube was faster than that for placing the nose intestine tube( P

Objective To study the effect of NP regimen plus concurrent irradiation on cancer cell survival of human lung adenocarcinoma.Methods A549 and H1299 cells were served as the experimental objects and they were divided into irradiation group (A group),and vinorelbine tartrate injection plus cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy group (B group).According to the different irradiation doses A group and B group were divided into A-0,A-4,A-8 group and B-0,B-4,B-8 group.MTT was performed to measure the effect of NP regimen plus concurrent irradiation on the cell proliferation,and FACS was used to detect the effect of NP regimen plus concurrent irradiation on apoptosis and P-gp expression.Results Except the cell inhibition rate of B-0 group and A-0 group had no significant difference,the cell inhibition rate of B-0,B-4 and B-8 group at 6,12,24 and 48 h were significantly lower than those of A-0,A-4 and A-8 group.The apoptosis rate of A-8 group [(45.34 ±4.77)％] was significantly higher than that of A-4 group [(20.19 ± 3.76)％] (t =7.17,P =0.006),the apoptosis rate of A-4 group was significantly higher than that of A-0 group [(4.01 ± 0.95)％] (t =7.23,P=0.019).The apoptosis rate ofB-8 group [(51.12 ± 3.37)％]was significantly higher than that of B-4 group[(36.18 ± 4.73)％] (t =3.59,P =0.037),the apoptosis rate of B-4 group was significantly higher than that of B-0 group [(14.78 ± 2.37)％] (t =9.00,P =0.003).The apoptosis rate of B-0 group [(14.78 ± 2.37)％] was significantly higher than that of A-0 group [(4.01±0.95)％] (t =7.31,P =0.018),the apoptosis rate of B-4 group was significantly higher than that of A-4 group (t =4.58,P=0.020),but there was no significant difference between B-8 group and A-8 group (t =1.71,P =0.185).The S cycle percentage of cells in B-0,B-4 and B-8 groups were significantly higher than those of A-0,A-4 and A-8 group (P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences among the P-gp fluorescence intensity of A-0,A-4 and A-8 group (P ＞ 0.05).The P-gp fluorescence intensity of B-0 group was significantly lower than that of A-0 group (t =-3.45,P =0.041),the P-tp fluorescence intensity of B-4 group was significantly lower than that of A-4 group(t =-5.85,P =0.010).The P-gp fluorescence intensity of B-8 group was significantly lower than that of A-8 group (t =-8.07,P =0.015).The P-gp fluorescence intensity of B-4 group was significantly lower than that of B-0 group (t =-8.07,P=0.015),and there was no significant difference between the mean fluorescence intensity of B-4 group and B-8 group (t =-3.56,P =0.071).Conclusion NP regimen plus concurrent irradiation could significantly inhibit the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer cells,and decrease the expression of P-gp in lung cancer cells.

To analysis the differences between Tripterygium wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum, specimens of their leaves were collected from five production regions and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The data were analyzed by multivariate statistical method, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal signal correction partial least square discrimination (OPLS-DA). Potential markers with VIP values above 5.0 and corresponding r values above 0.85, were selected and further tested by combining mann-Whitney nonparametric. Those with P < 0.001 and AUC = 1 were confirmed as metabolite markers to discriminate them from each other. Results revealed that the two species were obviously different in their leaf metabolites. Based on their mass spectra, 23 potential metabolite markers were identified to distinguish T. wilfordii from T. hypoglaucum.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; classification ; metabolism