[Objective]To evaluate the two-dimensional shear wave elastography(2D SWE)in predicting the prognosis of the patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure(ACLF-HBV).[Methods]312 patients diagnosed with ACLF-HBV at the De-partment of Infectious Diseases in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 1st 2013 to December 31th 2015 were recruited. The baseline data of all patients,including 2D SWE,laboratory data,ultrasonographic data,Model for End-stage Liver Disease score(MELD),Child-Turcotte-Pugh score(CTP),and King′s College Hospital score(KCH),were collected when enrolled. All patients were followed up for at least 90 days and their clinical outcomes(recovering or worsening)were recorded. 2D SWE values of all patients were dynamically collected every 2~4 weeks during the follow-up until death,liver transplantation, or discharging from hospital.[Results]The worsening patients showed higher 2D SWE values than the recovering ones[(44.0 ± 7.5) kPa vs(36.8 ± 10.3)kPa,t=-6.5,P=0.000],2D SWE value less than 39.2 kPa could be a prediction of the patient′s recovery in 90 days.The predictive value of 2D SWE(AUROC=0.73)was higher than that of KCH(AUROC:0.65,z=2.1,P=0.033). Among all the dynamically measured patients,2D SWE rose from(42.1 ± 8.0)kPa to(47.5 ± 9.3)kPa in the worsening group during the 90-day follow-up,while nearly stable in the recovery group.[Conclusion]Noninvasive liver stiffness measurement by 2D SWE is a use-ful method in evaluating the prognosis of ACLF-HBV patients. Taking a cutoff of 39.2 kPa,patients with higher 2D SWE values could have worse clinical outcomes ,otherwise better. It seems that dynamically measuring 2D SWE values could also be helpful ,but more research in the future should be needed.

Objective To assess the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist on prostate epithelial cells in vitro.Methods The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) was studied by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence study.The RWPE-1 human prostate epithelial cell line was treated with PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone 100 μmol/L for 48 h.Analysis of apoptosis was performed by Caspase 3/7 activity assay.Mitochondria depolarization was measured by using the potential-sensitive color,JC-1.The expression of apoptosis-related proteins-Bax was investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results PPARγ mainly located in nucleus and perinucleus.RWPE-1 cell line treated with PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone showed higher Caspase 3/7 activity (10636±1032 RLU) than in control (5936±620 RLU),P＜0.01 and significantly upregulated Bax level (8250±694 vs.6017±563)than in control group,P＜0.01.In addition,mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarized in rosiglitazone treated cells.Conclusions PPARmay play important roles in the pathophysiology of BPH.The mechanism might be that PPARγ regulates cell apoptosis.It is suggested that the mitochondrial and Bax pathway might be involved in signaling PPARγ induced cell apoptosis.

Objective To explore the expression and the role of Toll-like receptor(TLR3 and TLR4) in rats with nephrotic syndrome induced by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).Methods SD rats were inoculated intranasally and intraperitoneally with 6?106 plaque for-ming unit(PFU) RSV to construct RSV-induced nephropathy in rat model.Rats were anesthetized and blood was withdrawn from cardiac on day 4,14,30,60 after inoculation.The normal ones without intervention were set as control group.The renal histology was observed by light microscope and electron microscope.The urinary protein collected in 24 hours were measured.Meanwhile,the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rats.The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 softwore.Results After inoculation,the proteinuria increased and under the electron microscope the foot processes of glomerular epithelial cells were fused which resembled human minimal change nephrotic syndrome.Proteinuria reached the peak and the fusion of foot processes were most extensive in rats of RSV at 60 d.The expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in each group of RSV-induced nephropathy in rat models were significantly higher than those in normal control group(Pa0.05).Conclusions TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RSV-induced nephropathy rat mo-dels had being significantly activated until 60 d after RSV inoculation.TLR signaling pathway may play an important role in nephrotic syndrome of rats induced by RSV.

Objective To evaluate the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR ) in reduction of oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R )-induced injury to isolated cardiomyocytes by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) in neonatal rats .Methods Primary cardiomyocytes were obtained from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats (1-3 days after birth ) ,and seeded in 96-well plates at the density of 1 × 105 cells/ml (200μl/well ) . The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n=6 each ) using a random number table:control group (group C) ,rapamycin group (group R) ,group OGD/R ,rapamycin+OGD/R group (group R+OGD/R);group HPC+OGD/R ,and rapamycin+HPC+OGD/R group (group R+HPC+OGD/R) .Rapamycin (final concentration 20 nmol/L) was added to the culture media and the cells were then incubated for 1 h in group R .In R+OGD/R group ,rapamycin (final concentration 20 nmol/L ) was added to the culture media ,the cells were then incubated for 1 h ,and then OGD/R was performed .In HPC+OGD/R group ,OGD/R was performed immediately after HPC was completed .In R+HPC+OGD/R group ,rapamycin (final concentration 20 nmol/L) was added to the culture media ,the cells were then incubated for 1 h , and then HPC and OGD/R were performed . All the cells were subjected to OGD for 2 h followed by restoration of O2-glucose supply for 3 h to induce OGD/R .HPC was induced by 3 cycles of 10 min hypoxia followed by 30 min reoxygenation .The cell viability (using MTT assay ) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium were determined .Results Compared with group C ,the cell viability was significantly decreased , and LDH activities in the culture medium were increased in OGD/R , R+OGD/R ,HPC+OGD/R and R+ HPC+OGD/R groups ( P<0.05 ) ,while no significant change was found in the cell viability and LDH activities in R group ( P>0.05) .The cell viability was significantly higher ,and LDH activity in the culture medium were lower in HPC+OGD/R group than in OGD/R group ,and in R+HPC+OGD/R group than in HPC + OGD/R group ( P< 0.05 ) .Conclusion mTOR is involved in HPC-induced attenuation of OGD/R injury to isolated cardiomyocytes in neonatal rats .

A systematic method of isolating and culturing human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and inducing them to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro was established. The hMSCs were isolated from bone marrow with the lymphocyte-separating medium, cultured and expanded in vitro, and induced after addition of compound neuro-revulsants. The morphological changes of hMSCs were observed, and the expression of surface markers in induced hMSCs was immunocytochemically identified during induction period. The hMSCs could be separated, cultured and expanded in vitro. After induction by compound neuro-revulsants for 48 h, the changes of neuron-like cells, such as cellular shrinkage and neurite growth, were observed in some cells. The immunochemical staining revealed nestin (+) or NF (+), and GFAP (-). It was concluded that hMSCs were successfully cultured and induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells.
Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The aim of this study was to develop the data element standard directory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical pharmacy information, to provide application standards and models of TCM clinical pharmacy for the electronic medical record (EMR). The developed line of work is as follows: initially establish research through four forms: literature analysis, questionnaires, discussion groups, expert advice. The research range from the Chinese herbal medicine research, herbal origin, harvesting, processing, identification of traits, physical and chemical identification, modern research, character, taste, Indications, clinical application, processing, dispensing medicine, Chinese medicine specifications, usage, dosage, caution, efficacy indications to small packaging applications, drug research, management and other related issues, including traditional Chinese medicine theory, application and hospital management information; according to the general and part 16 content of the national "Health Information Data Element Standards", and the basic method of extracting data element to study and develop the data element of TCM clinical pharmacy information from the defining content. Correspondingly propose the ideas and methods of construction of the "Data Element Standard Directory of TCM Clinical Pharmacy Information", sort out medicine clinical information data element standard catalog, divided into basic categories, clinical application class, management class three parts, and set norms and standards of identifying data elements, definitions, allowable value of traditional Chinese medicine clinical information, and discuss the sources and standards of information collection, leaving the interface, standardized and scientific terminology, docking with the existing standards, maintenance and management program and oter issues.
China ; Data Mining ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Database Management Systems ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Electronic Health Records ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To investigate the impact of polyclonal neural cell adhesion molecule antibody (P-NCAM-Ab) on the potency of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A).Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups:a normal control group,a BTX-A group and a P-NCAM-Ab group.The rats in the normal control group were injected with 100 μl of saline solution in their right gastrocnemius,while those in the BTX-A and P-NCAM-Ab groups were injected with 100 μl of BTX-A (0.5 U).In addition,the rats in the P-NCAM-Ab group were also injected with 100 μl of P-NCAM-Ab (the dosage was 20 U) at the same site on the 3rd day after the BTX-A injection.The rats' gastrocnemius muscle strength was evaluated with a self-made system for evaluating neuromuscular function before and after the toxin injection,on the 3rd day,as well as 1,2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks after the BTX-A injection.Any wet weight changes in the muscles were observed,and immunochemistry methods were employed to observe any structural changes in the motor endplates and nerve fibers at the different time points.Results After the saline injection,the average gastrocnemius muscle strength of the control group increased with time,while strength in the BTX-A and P-NCAM-Ab groups demonstrated a decrease in strength followed by a gradual increase.The average gastrocnemius muscle strength of the rats in the BTX-A and P-NCAM-Ab groups was significantly lower than that of the control group at all time points.Compared with the BTX-A group,the muscle strength of the P-NCAM-Ab group rats decreased further.Strength recovery in the BTX-A and P-NCAM-Ab groups was significantly slower than in the control group.The wet weight percentage in the BTX-A and P-NCAM-Ab groups at first decreased and then recovered with time.After the BTX-A injection,the average wet weight percentage of the P-NCAM-Ab group rats was significantly lower than that of the BTX-A group after 3 days,and 1,2 and 4 weeks.Karnovsky-Roots AchE staining showed that the motor endplates' color in the BTX-A and P-NCAM-Ab groups deepened gradually,though the color of the P-NCAM-Ab group was lighter than that of the BTX-A group at each time point.The mean optical density of the motor endplates' positive reaction area increased with time in both groups,but the P-NCAM-Ab group was lower than that of the BTX-A group at 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks.Counting the nerve fibers dyed by gold chloride showed similar trends with both experimental groups significantly different from the control group.Conclusion P-NCAM-Ab can increase the potency of BTX-A and prolong its action.

Objective:To improve the therapeutic gain ratio from 125I seed implants by investigating the QA/QC strategies used in brachytherapy treatment of lung cancer. Methods:A total of 287 lung cancer and pulmonary metastases cases were studied. Among which, 184 are male and 103 are female with a mean age of 61.9 years. The NOA-NSCLC subgroup and pulmonary metastases were targeted on conventional CT positioning. Considering that COA-NSCL subgroup on the tumor target area is difficult to determine with CT, the coincidence circuit SPECT was used to assist in positioning. A dose-volume histogram was constructed to evaluate the quality of the TPS and optimization. Corrections on real-time positioning are necessary when using an image-guided implantation. The C-LC should be aligned with the FFB for CT-guided percutaneous puncture implantation. After implantation, dosimetry verification was con-ducted. Results:The NOA-NSCLC subgroup, comprising the risk organs such as heart, lung, and spinal column, received an average dose of 137, which was significantly lower than that of normal tissue dose tolerance. The NOA-NSCLC subgroup and lung metastases have matched peripheral dosages of 92.1 and 106.2 Gy with local-control efficiency rates of 91.97% (126/137) and 96.0% (48/50), 1-year survival rates of 91.24%and 83.4%(42/50), and 2-year survival rates of 50.36%(69/137) and 52.3%(26/50), respectively. The 35 COA-NSCL subgroup and 65 lung cancer group have local control efficiency rates of 91.43%(32/35) and 92.3%(60/65) and 1-year survival rates of 88.57%(31/35) and 80.30%(53/66), respectively. Conclusion:Proper radiation dosimetry as a QA/QC strategy was found to improve particle-implantation therapy gain and greatly reduce the risks of radiation pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the treatment efficacy of traumatic proximal interphalangeal (PIP)joint defects with prosthetic replacement.MethodsFrom September 2007 to November 2010, ten patients with joint defect injuries were treated by joint prosthetic replacement (5 index fingers,4 middle fingers,and 1 ring finger),including a reconstructed middle finger.Joint motion range and postoperative pain of all cases were measured to evaluate the treatment.ResultsAll cases went through a smooth operation with primary wound healing,and with neither intraoperative nor postoperative complications happened.The follow-up period was range from 8 months to 2 years.The active motion arcs of PIP joints ranged from 50° to 80°,and satisfactory appearances as well. According to assessment standard of upper extremity described by Chinese Hand Surgery Association,the treatment outcome were excellent in 6 fingers,good in 3 fingers,general in 1 finger.ConclusionJoint prosthetic replacement is a new effective method to treat traumatic proximal interphalangeal joint defect,which is a simple operation with advantages of little trauma and rapid recovery.