Objective To study the effect of fluorine on the bone histomorphometry of humbar in rats.Methods Ninety 2-month-old SPF Sparague-Dawley rats,half male and female,were randomly divided into 9 groups:control[(childhood(CS),adult(AS),long-time(NS)]group and drug group[childhood high-fluoride and low-fluoride group(CHS,CLS),adult high-fluoride and low-fluoride(AHS,ALS),long-term high-fluoride and low-fluoride(CLHS,CLLS)].The control group was administered orally with solution of 0.9%NaCl,while the drug group was given orally with different dose of NaF at the same time. Sections of the fifth lumbar were made which was undecalicified for bone histomorphometric analysis, including the percentage of trabecular bone area (% Tb.Ar),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th), trabecular number(Tb.N), trabecular separation(Th.Sp) ; broken trabecular bone area cells (Oc.N), osteoclast perimeter percentage (% Oc.Pm), the percentage of labeled perimeter (% L.Pm), bone mineral apposition rate(MAR), osteoblast perimeter(Ob.PM), trabecular bone perimeter formation rate (BFR/BS),trabecular bone area formation rate (BFR/BV), the total area of bone formation rate (BFR/TV). Results [1]The percentage of Tb.Ar, Tb.Th, Tb.N,%L.Pm, MAR, BFR/BS, BFR/BV and BFR/TV of CHS group [(50.63 ±7.44)%, (150.26 ± 27.51 )μm, (3.44 ± 0.47)N/mm, (50.63 ± 7.44)%, (0.85 ± 0.03)μm/d, (8.45 ± 2.36)μm/d ×100, (381.16 ± 41.62)%/year, (75.07 ± 4.81)%/year] was higher than that of CS group [(29.71 + 9.32)%,(110.93 ± 28.19)μm, (2.68 ± 0.34)N/mm, (24.00 ± 1.22)%, (0.65 ± 0.03)μm/d, (5.43 ± 0.18)μm/d × 100,(141.32 ± 9.29)%/year, (58.14 ± 2.3)%/year, all P < 0.05)]. The %Tb.Ar, Tb.Th, %L.Pm, MAR, BFR/BS,BFR/BV, BFR/TV and Ob.PM of CLS group [(40.76 ± 6.43)%, (164.25 ± 45.65)μm, (42.02 ± 6.12)%, (0.85 ±0.04)μm/d, (8.95 ± 3.73)μm/d × 100, (378.73 ± 35.39)%/year, (73.52 ± 8.71)%/year, (1.41 ± 0.05)μm] were increased (all P < 0.05). [2]Compared with AS group, the %Tb.Ar,Oc.N, %Oc.Pm, %L.Pm, MAR, BFR/BS,BFR/BV and BFR/TV of AHS group[ (50.62 ± 5.76)%, (0.51 ± 0.05)N/mm, (1.13 ± 0.05)%, (42.3 ± 7.02)%,(1.28 ± 0.09)μm/d, (12.91 ± 1.52)μm/d × 100, (390.12 ± 43.56)%/year, (65.21 ± 22.13)%/year] was higher than that of AS group[ (42.73 ± 5.22)%, (0.41 ± 0.17)N/ram, (0.77 ± 0.52)%, (28.43 ± 6.93)%, (0.80 ± 0.03)μm/d, (9.83 ± 1.44)μm/d × 100, (324.43±53.44)%/year and(48.35 ± 9.36)%/year, all P < 0.05)] . The %Tb.At, Oc.N, %Oc.Pm, %L.Pm, MAR, BFR/BS, BFR/BV and BFR/TV of ALS group [(51.14 ± 6.22)%, (0.49 ±0.61)N/mm, (1.17 ± 0.11)%, (45.06 ± 6.92)%, (1.39 ± 0.08)μm/d, (12.87 ± 1.35)μm/d × 100, (394.6 ±50.23)%/year and(66.31 ± 18.93)%/year] were higher than that of AS group(P < 0.05) .[3] The Ob.PM ,Oc.N and %Oc.Pm of CLHS group[ (1.47 ± 0.27)μm, (0.58 ± 0.13)N/mm, (1.14 ± 0.07)%] were obviously increased(P <0.05), as compared with NS group [ (0.82 ± 1.20)μm, (0.42 ± 0.25)N/mm and (0.75 ± 0.64)%, all P < 0.05].Conclusions The short-term administration of NaF on rats in the growing period increases the bone formation and osteoblast activities of young rats and adult rats. The long-term administration of NaF on rats does not increase the bone formation of rats in growth period. The osteoblast activities as well as the bone absorption of lumbar vertebra were strengthened. The likelihood of bone fracture became larger. The negative effects on bone metabolism and bone quality of rats were gradually displayed along with the prolongation of sodium fluoride usage.

This paper was aim to screen microorganisms with attenualed efficiency for Chinese medicine containing aristolochic acid A by liquid-state fermentation. Twelve Chinese medicine were detected by UPLC and aristolochic acid A was only founded in four species of Aristolochia, those were Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis, Aristolochiae Radix, Aistolochia Contorta Bunge and Herba Aristolochiae Mollissima,but not in the others. With the four Chinese medicine containing aristolochic acid A as raw material, ten microorganisms were tested, and the content of aristolochic acid A was detected by UPLC. The results showed that one microorganism can decrease content of aristolochic acid A in all those four Chinese medicine.
Aristolochic Acids ; analysis ; metabolism ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fungi ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; microbiology

Objective To investigate the application of fetuses with talipes equinovarus (TE) using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) technology. Methods From May 2012 to June 2015, 54 fetuses were found with TE and with or without other structural anomalies by prenatal ultrasound. Karyotyping was taking for them all, and the fetuses with normal karyotypes took another CMA test. The data were analyzed with CHAS software. Finally all the cases were followed up to know about their pregnancy outcomes. Results One of the 54 cases was detected with abnormal karyotype which was trisomy 18 (2%, 1/54). CMA was undertaken to the remaining fetuses, they were divided into 2 groups, including isolated TE group (n=38) and complex TE group (n=15). The detection rate of clinical significant copy number variations (CNV) by CMA was 11% (6/53), while isolated and complex TE group were 5% (2/38) and 4/15, respectively (P=0.047). Of the 53 cases, 51 cases were successfully followed up. Eleven cases were found without TE after birth, and the false positive rate (FPR) of TE was 22%(11/51). Conclusions Whole-genome high-resolution CMA increased the detection rate by 11% in fetuses with TE. With the FPR and the detection rate of the clinical significant CNV of 2 groups, whole-genome CMA could be recommended to the fetuses with complex TE group but normal karyotypes. A series of ultrasonic tests should be suggested to the isolate TE group, while with the abnormal ultrasound, fetuses would be suggested to have CMA test for decreasing the rates of invasive prenatal diagnosis and FPR.

OBJECTIVETo define the profile and risk factors of sexual attitude and behavior of rural women.

METHODSUsing stratified cluster sampling, tape-recorded interviews and face to face interviews were carried out among 606 rural women.

RESULTS24.6% of the women being studied accepted the idea of "premarital sexual intercourse" and thought "premarital sexual intercourse between a couple" acceptable accounted for 34.2%, 14.7% and 4% of the women reported having had premarital sexual intercourse and premarital induced abortion respectively. 5.0% of the women admitted having had sexual intercourse during menstruation. 4% and 3% of the women under study accepted "extramarital sexual intercourse" and "paid sexual intercourse" if they were in need of money. None of the women reported ever having had extramarital sex or paid sex. The results derived from two different methods did not differ significantly. Logistic rgression suggested that age, education and ethnicity were associated with attitude towards premarital sex, and age was associated with premarital sexual behavior.

CONCLUSIONSex education need to be promoted and targeted among rural population at early age. "Tape-recorded interview" method did not show a better validity in this study.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Contraception Behavior ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Risk-Taking ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Education ; Sexual Behavior ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed to compare the short-term and long-term effects of oral rehydration salts, oral rehydration salts plus metoprolol or oral rehydration salts plus midodrine hydrochloride on the treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in children.

METHODA total of 118 children with POTS were divided into oral rehydration salts group (n = 39), metoprolol group (oral rehydration salts plus metoprolol, n = 10) or midodrine hydrochloride group (oral rehydration salts plus midodrine hydrochloride, n = 69). The patients were followed up in clinics or over telephone for 3 - 18 months, with a mean of (11.7 ± 4.1) months. The symptom scores were recorded before treatment, after 3 months and at the end of the follow-up. Reduction of the score by 2 points or more was considered that the treatment was effective. The effective rate in 3 months was applied to evaluate short-term effects of 3 different therapies by chi-square test. Taking futility as events, Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to compare long-term effects of the 3 different therapies in treating POTS in children.

RESULTNo significant differences among the 3 groups were found in sex, age, body height, weight, the symptom scores before treatment or hemodynamic variables. Oral rehydration salts, metoprolol and midodrine hydrochloride improved clinical symptoms after 3 months. The symptom scores of the 3 groups before treatment and after 3 months were 2.4 ± 3.2 vs. 5.5 ± 2.9, 2.2 ± 3.0 vs. 6.1 ± 3.0 and 1.9 ± 1.6 vs. 5.9 ± 2.7, respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). Descending order of the short-term effective rate was 91.3% in midodrine hydrochloride group, 80.0% in metoprolol group and 74.4% in oral rehydration salts group. The difference was significant (χ(2) = 5.85, P < 0.05). All the 3 different therapies improved clinical symptoms at the end of follow-up. The symptom scores were 2.6 ± 3.2 vs. 5.6 ± 2.9, 2.5 ± 3.1 vs. 6.1 ± 3.0 and 2.2 ± 2.1 vs. 6.0 ± 2.7, respectively. (P < 0.05). The result of the Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the long-term effect of midodrine hydrochloride was significantly superior to metoprolol group and oral rehydration salts group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the latter two groups.

CONCLUSIONOral rehydration salts plus midodrine hydrochloride or plus metoprolol improved the efficacy of drugs in children with POTS. And the efficacy of midodrine hydrochloride was superior to that of metoprolol.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metoprolol ; therapeutic use ; Midodrine ; therapeutic use ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the cardiorespiratory factors and surgical conditions during total intravenous anesthesia for prolonged laparoscopic pelvic surgery with or without supplemental muscle relaxants.

METHODSForty female ASA I or II patients undergoing laparoscopic pelvic surgeries were randomized into two groups A and B, both with standardized anesthesia via a intravenous bolus injection of rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg). The patients in group B received continuous rocuronium infusion upon observation of one TOF twitch response with the T1 value maintained within 0-10% and rocuronium withdrawal at 20 to 30 min before the completion of the surgery. The patients in group A received no supplemental muscle relaxants. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured during the operation. The respiratory system compliance (Ceff rs) was calculated as the quotient of the tidal volume (VT) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and the operative conditions were graded by the operating gynecologist.

RESULTSThe cardiorespiratory parameters significant increased and Ceff rs decreased after pneumoperitoneum, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. The surgical conditions were also comparable between the two groups, but the duration of intubation and the operating time were significantly shorter in the group A.

CONCLUSIONPneumoperitoneum severely affects the cardiorespiratory parameters during laparoscopy, which can not be lessened by neuromuscular block agents. A single intubating dose of rocuronium can suffice the requirement of prolonged gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of abdominal cocoon.

METHODSClinical data of 203 cases with abdominal cocoon including 7 cases in our hospital and 196 cases reported in Chinese literature from January 1995 to June 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe male to female ratio was approximately 1.2:1. The mean age at diagnosis was 33 years. The main clinical manifestations included recurrent acute or chronic intestinal obstruction in 147 cases (72.4%), abdominal mass in 53 cases (26.1%). Of the 203 cases, abdominal plain X-ray were performed in 163, B-ultrasound in 85, CT in 68 and barium meal in 32 cases, however, only 6 cases (3.0%) were diagnosed as abdominal cocoon preoperatively. All the cases received operations included partial or total excision of the membrane and enterolysis in 172 cases (84.7%), together with bowel resection in 34 cases (16.7%) and appendectomy in 51 cases (25.1%). Postoperative complications included recurrent obstruction in 55, and death in 11 cases (5.4%).

CONCLUSIONSThe preoperative diagnosis of abdominal cocoon is difficult. Operations should be performed on the cases with intestine obstruction. Recurrent adhesive intestinal obstruction is the main postoperative complication.

Abdominal Cavity ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Syncope is a common emergency of children and adolescents,which has serious influence on the quality of life.Neurally-mediated syncope,including postural tachycardia syndrome,vasovagal syncope,orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension,is the main cause of syncope in children and adolescents.The main manifestations of neurally-mediated syncope are diverse,such as dizziness,headache,chest tightness,chest pain,pale complexion,fatigue,pre-syncope and syncope.Although the clinical manifestations are similar,each subtype of syncope has its hemodynamic feature and optimal treatment option.The diagnosis rate of syncope in children has been greatly improved on account of the development of the diagnostic procedures and methods.In recent years,with the promotion of head-up tilt test and drug-provocated head-up tilt test,the hemodynamic classification of neurally-mediated syncope gets continually refined.In recent years,with the effort of clinicians,an appropriate diagnostic protocol for children with syncope has been established.The initial evaluation consists of history taking,physical examination,standing test and standard electrocardiography.After the initial evaluation,some patients could be diagnosed definitely,such as postural tachycardia syndrome,orthostatic hypotension,and situational syncope.Those with a specific entity causing syncope need selective clinical and laboratory investigations.Patients for whom the cause of syncope remained undetermined should undergo head-up tilt test.The precise pathogenesis of neurally-mediated syncope is not entirely clear.In recent years,studies have shown that neurally-mediated syncope may be related to several factors,including hypovolemia,high catecholamine status,abnormal local vascular tension,decreased skeletal muscle pump activity and abnormal neurohumoral factors.Currently based on the possible pathogenesis,the individualized treatment of neurally-mediated syncope has also been studied in-depth.Generally,the management of neurallymediated syncope includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.Patient education is the fundamental part above all.In addition to exercise training,the first-line treatments mainly include oral rehydration salts,beta adrenoreceptor blockers,and alpha adrenoreceptor agonists.By analyzing the patient's physiological indexes and biomarkers before treatment,the efficacy of medication could be well predicted.The individualized treatment will become the main direction in the future researches.

Bacillus pumilus xylanase was cloned and sequenced. Based on the tertiary structure that originated from homology modeling, the potential active pocket was searched and ligand-protein docking was performed using relative softwares. The information extracted from the molecular docking is analyzed; several amino acid residues might play a vital role in the xylanase catalytic reaction are obtained to instruct the further modification of xylanase directed-evolution.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Computer Simulation ; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Substrate Specificity ; Xylans ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of trans-acting factor(s) on rat glutathione S-transferase P1 gene (rGSTP1) transcription regulation in tumor cells.

METHODSThe binding of trans-acting factor(s) to two enhancers of the rGSTP1 gene, glutathione S-transferase P enhancer I (GPEI) and glutathione S-transferase P enhancer II-1 (GPE II-1), was identified by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The molecular weight of trans-acting factor was measured in a UV cross-linking experiment.

RESULTSTrans-acting factor interacting with the core sequence of GPEI (cGPEI) were found in human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) and rat hepatoma cell line (CBRH7919). These proteins were not expressed in normal rat liver. Although specific binding proteins that bound to GPE II-1 were detected in all three cell types, a 64 kDa binding protein that exists in HeLa and CBRH7919 cells was absent in normal rat liver.

CONCLUSIONcGPEI, GPEII specific binding proteins expressed in HeLa and CBRH7919 cells may play an important role in the high transcriptional level of the rGSTP1 gene in tumor cells.

Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic