Objective To investigate the primary target of injury resulting from cold preservation/reperfusion after liver transplantation in rats. Methods Male SD rats were divided into three groups randomly: sham group,UW 1-h group and UW 12-h group. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed by using the technique described by Kamada with a modification. Survival rate of rats within 168 h postoperation was observed. Liver tissue specimens and blood samples were collected at 8 time points predetermined as 1,6,12,24,48,72,96 and 168 h postoperation. Six animals were used per time-point. The liver function was evaluated by serum ALT,AST and HA levels. Morphology was observed under light microscopy and TEM. Additionally,the incidence of apoptosis (AI) in hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) were measured separately by TUNEL method.Results The survival rate at 168 h in UW 12-h group was 50 %,significantly lower than that in UW 1-h group (F= 6.39 ,P

Objective To investigate the value of multipoint and multidirectional ultrasound-guided fineneedle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) in preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods From Jan.2012 to Jan.2013,multipoint and multidirectional US-FNAC were performed in 177 patients with 233 nodules suspected as PTMC,and the cytopathological findings were compared with surgical pathological results and clinical follow-up results.Results Of the 233 biopsies,the cytology were classified as malignant for 146 lesions,suspicious for malignancy for 43 lesions,benign for 24 lesions,follicular lesions for 4 lesions and inadequate sample for 16 lesions.After the second multipoint and multidirectional US-FNAC,only 1 case did not have sufficient cells for diagnosis,and the puncture failure rate was 0.43％.Actually there were 189 malignant and 44 benign lesions confirmed by clinical follow-up and pathological results.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of multipoint and multidirectional US-FNAC was 99.5％,81.8％ and 96.1％ respectively.Conclusions Multipoint and multidirectional US-FNAC has definite value in increasing puncture qualified rate and positive diagnosis rate before operation.

Access of safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services to the people is set as the goal of public hospitals health services as stated in the "Guidelines for Public Hospitals Pilot Reform". Such a goal, however, can hardly be achieved by mechanism changes within the public hospitals. The input and output of public hospitals rely critically on such factors as the input mechanism, regional pattern of healthcare system, the economic and industrial conditions of the region,payment quota and payment approval procedures of medical insurance. This paper set off from the input compensation mechanism of public hospitals in China and analyzed the input and output characteristics of the hospitals. Furthermore, the paper proposed to establish an input compensation mechanism based on public welfare performance for such hospitals. This provided further reference for improving the management of public hospitals and building a public welfare-oriented operation mechanism of public hospitals.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paneth Cells ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of traumatic infection among earthquake in order to provide reasonable evidence for anti-infective therapy. METHODS Samples were collected from 14 patients with compound fracture or osteofascial compartment syndrome for bacterial,fungal and anaerobic culturing,then according to pathogens to choose antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). RESULTS Among 14 victims,10 had germ growth in wound secretions,the infection rate was 71.43%. Among 17 samples the bacteria,fungi and anaerobic were isolated in 12,4 and (samples,respectively),the isolated rates were 70.59%,23.53% and 5.89%. The main pathogens for the first culture were Enterobacter cloacae,coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) and Acinetobacter. The Clostridium tetani and C. perfringens were all negative. We also isolated 5 strains of fungi from them 1 strain of Candida. CONCLUSIONS Most of the victims from disaster area have got bacterial infection. Most of them are combined infection,some of the infections are nosocomial infections. The key points of the treatment are to find pathogens immediately and choose a reasonable antibacterial agents according to the AST.

Objective To observe the alteration of capillary density and apelin/APJ expression in soleus muscles of high-fat diet rats.Methods Male 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group and a high-fat diet group.After 12 weeks of high-fat diet,16 rats were se lected and randomly divided into a sedentary group and a treadmill running group.The exercise rats underwent 60-minute treadmill running at 26 m/min 5 days a week for 10 weeks.The body weight,body fat and blood lipid level were measured for all rats.The protein expression of Soleus CD31 and apelin was determined using immunohistochemical staining,soleus apelin content was determined using the radioimmunoassay,and the mRNA expression of apelin/APJ was detected using real-time PCR.Results Compared with the control group,significant increase was observed in the body weight,body fat and the level of total triglyceride,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterin,but significant decrease was found in the high density lipoprotein cholesterin in the high-fat diet group.There were no significant differences in the capillary density and mRNA levels of apelin/APJ between the two groups.Compared with the sedentary high-fat diet group,significant improvement was observed in the body weight and blood lipid level of the treadmill running group.Moreover,significant increase was also observed in the capillary density,the expression of apelin/APJ mRNA,as well as that of apelin protein in the treadmill running group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The treadmill running can significantly increase capillary density of obese rats,as it may activate the expression of Apelin/APJ.

Objective:To investigate the neuropsychological characteristics of Chinese agraphia caused by basal ganglia(BG)infarction.Methods:The writing abilities of 40 patients with BG infarction were detected by Chinese agraphia battery(CAB),and all the writing scores and agraphia quotient were calculated.The head CT/MRI images in agraphia and non-agraphia groups were standardized,the infarction were revealed and the superposition of two-dimensional arrays were performed,so that the central tendency of infarction was visually displayed.Results: Among the 40 patients,21 had left BG infraction,and 17 had agraphia;19 had right BG infraction,and 4 had agraphia.The two-dimensional superimposing neuroimages showed that BG infarctions caused agraphia was mostly in the left BG,including the left putamen,the head and body of the caudate nucleus,but there were fewer infarctions in the right putamen and the body of the candate nucleus.BG infarction caused agraphia was mostly aphasic agraphia,which was characterized by the orthographic disorders,paragraphia,and grammar mistakes.Conclusions: BG infarction may result in aphasic agraphia,which suggested that BG is involed in writing and processing,and it is the subcortical center of this advanced neurofunction in writing.

Objective To analyze the long-term results of fractionated stereotactie radiotherapy(FSRT)for the local residual lesion after the first course of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods From July 1997 to July 2002,46 patients were treated with FSRT.According to the 1992 Fuzhou staging system,the number of patients was 1,6,30 and 9 with stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ disease,respectirely;3,11,27 and 5 with T1,T2,T3 and T4 tumor,respectively;14,16,12 and 4 with N0,N1,N2and N3 disease.Radiotherapy was delivered to tumors with the total of dose 68-70 Gy in 7-8w.Chemotherapy(2 cycles of PVF or POF)was given to the patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ a disease.FSRT was given to the residual disease with the total dose of 18-24 Gy in 3 fractions with an interval of 3-7 days.The reference dose line was 70%-90%.Resuits CR and PR rates in this group were 61%and 39%,respectively.The overall survival rates of each year from 1- to 5-year were 100%,87%,83%,78%and 76%.The 1-,3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 100%,93%and 89%;The distant metastasis-free survival rates were 100%,85%and 79%;The local-regional control survival rates were 100%,94%and 91%.Seventeen patients who died during the follow-up period were 1 for local cervical lymph node recurrence,2 for fatal nasopharyngeal hemorrhage,4 for local nasopharynx recurrence,and 10 for distance metastases. Conclusions Fraetionated stereotactic radiotherapy is safe and effective for the patients with residual lesion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the primary site after radiotherapy.The optimized fractionation and total dose requires the further investigation.

AIM: To investigate the effect of puerarin on diabetic myocardial damage and to explore its possible mechanisms in rats. METHODS: The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic group, high dose puerarin (160 mg/kg), middle dose puerarin (120 mg/kg), low dose puerarin (80 mg/kg) treatment groups and aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg) treatment group. Corresponding drugs were intraperitoneally injected once a day. The animals in normal control group and diabetic group were given equal propylene glycol. 12 weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and their cardiac muscles were collected. Myocardial structure was observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The blood glucose concentration and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ca~(2+)-ATPase, Na~+-K~+-ATPase and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial homogenate were measured biochemically. In addition, the mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and aldose reductase (AR) in myocardial tissues were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: It is observed that the myofibrils were diminished, broken or fused, some lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm of cardiocytes and part of cristae of mitochondria were broken or disappeared under TEM in diabetic group. The activities of SOD, Ca~(2+)-ATPase, Na~+-K~+-ATPase as well as the mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ and GLUT-4 decreased significantly (all P<0.01). The blood glucose concentration and the MDA level and the AR mRNA expression increased obviously (all P<0.01) in diabetic group as compared to those in normal control group. How-ever, in puerarin treatment groups, the above changes were reversed, a significant differences of those were found as compared to those in diabetic group (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively). The pathological change of cardiac muscles was relieved. It showed that myofibrils were well-arranged and only few lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm of cardiocytes and most mitochondria had clear and regular cristae under TEM in puerarin treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Puerarin exerts preventive and remedial effects on the diabetic myocardium, which may be related to up-regulating the mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ and GLUT-4, promoting glucose uptake and relieving oxidative stress damage.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of p27 protein in stage Ⅱ colon cancer.Methods The expression of p27 protein in 57 samples of stage Ⅱ colon cancer tissue from BeijingCancer Hospital was detected by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray technique.Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method,and the correlation between the expression of p27 protein and the prognosis of patients was analyzed by Pearson chi-square test.Multivariate analysis was done by using Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results The rate of high expression of p27 protein in stage Ⅱ colon cancer was 60%(34/57).The differentiation.location and distal metastasis of the tumor were correlated with the expression of p27 protein(X2=5.97,5.93,5.05,P＜0.05);while age,tumor size,growth patterns of tumor were not correlated with the expression of p27 protein(X2=0.64,0.49,0.33,P＞0.05).The 5-year survival rate of the patients with high expression of p27 protein was 94%(32/34),which was significantly higher than the 78%(18/23)of the patients with low expression of p27 protein(X2=3.86,P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that low expression of p27 protein and tumor penetrating serous membrane are the independent adverse prognostic factors for stage Ⅱ coloR cancer.Conclusions Low expression of p27 protein is one of the independent adverse prognostic factors for stage Ⅱ colon cancer,and the expression of p27 protein should be consulted when screening out the patients who are in the high risk group of stage Ⅱ colon cancer.