Objective:To explore the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms among preschool children and its related factors after the Ludian earthquake.Methods:A total of 62 children's guardians were visited.They were interviewed with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Semi-Structured Interview for Infants and the Young Children and the Child Behavior Checklist-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale (CBCL-PTSD) consisted of 15 items from the CBCL.All of the participantsresided in Longtoushan settlement and Longtoushan town (the epicenter).They were randomly visited from west to east in that region.Results:The rate of scored 9 (or more) on the CBCL-PTSD among children was 51.9％ (27/52) in 1-2 months after the earthquake.However,based on the Semi-Structured Interview,the rate of the children's posttraumatic stress symptoms was 26.9 ％ (14/52).The numbers of posttraumatic stress symptoms,intrusion symptoms,avoidance symptoms,hyperarousal symptoms,the new symptoms and the CBCL-PTSD scores were positively correlated (0.30-0.73,P ＜0.05),except the relation between intrusion symptoms and hyperarousal symptoms.The rate of intrusion symptoms was significant higher among those who experienced earthquake than those who didn't (96.2％ vs.60.0％,P ＜0.01).And the rate of intrusion symptoms was also higher among those who was injured during the earthquake than those who wasn't (100％ vs.84.6％,P ＜ 0.05).And the other symptoms were not difference in children under different conditions (P ＞ 0.005).Conclusion:The preschool children who experienced earthquake or were injured suffer more posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Objective:To examine the relationships between acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms,posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and depressive symptoms in children survivors following the Lushan earthquake in China.Methods:One hundred ninety-seven children aged 1 to 14years (93 male and 104 female) were followed up at two and six weeks after Lushan earthquake.The ASDS,UCLA PTSD Reaction Index and DASS were used to measure the ASD,PTSD and depressive symptoms.Results:The average scores of ASDS and the depression subscale of DASS at two weeks after earthquake were(36.5 ± 10.9) and (3.3 ± 2.8),respectively.The average scores of UCLA PTSD Reaction Index and the depression subscale of DASS-21 at six weeks after earthquake were (18.5 ± 12.6) and (3.3 ± 3.5),respectively.The rates of ASD and PTSD were 28.6％ and 8.2％,respectively.The cross-lagged structural equation analysis with latent variables indicated that the ASD symptoms at two weeks after earthquake positively predicted PTSD symptoms (β =0.59,p ＜ 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β =0.29,p ＜0.001) at six weeks after earthquake.But there was no significant association between depressive symptoms at two weeks and PTSD symptoms at six weeks after earthquake.Conclusion:ASD symptoms in the early time postearthquake could predict subsequent PTSD and depressive symptoms,while depressive symptoms tend to remain stable within six weeks after earthquake.

Objective To explore the improvement of traditional incision in thoracotomy and the application of subaxillary vertical small incision in lung operations. Methods We carried out a retrospective analysis on documents of 680 cases of subaxillary vertical small incision pneumonectomy conducted in this hospital between December 1996 and June 2003. Results The length of incision was 8~13 cm (mean, 11 2 cm). The time for thoracotomy was 4 5~10 min (mean, 6 min) and the operation time was 50~ 170 min (mean, 135 min). The intraoperative blood loss was 100~1200 ml (mean, 350 ml), the postoperative drainage volume was 120~800 ml (mean, 300 ml), and the perioperative blood transfusion, 0~1400 ml (mean, 300 ml). Postoperative pain classification results revealed that 585 cases of grade 1, 60 cases of grade 2 and 35 cases of grade 3 severity were observed. The postoperative hospital stay was 10~21 days (mean, 14 days). No surgical death occurred. Conclusions Subaxillary vertical small incision can be simply made. It offers minimal invasion, less blood loss, mild postoperative pain, quick recovery and good cosmetic results, being a viable option in most operations of pneumonectomy.

Objective To compare the diagnosic performance of conventional 2D and 3D Cube MR imaging to identify complete and partial tears of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL).Methods Farty patients suspected of having tears of anterior cruciate ligament were prospectively studied by 3.0 T conventional 2D and 3D Cube MR imaging and arthroscopy.MR images were interpreted in consensus by two experienced radiologists,and the ACL was diagnosed as being normal,partially torn,or completely torn.Diagnostic accuracy of 2D and 3D Cube MR for the detection of both complete and partial tears of ACL was calculated using arthroscopy as the standard of reference.Area under curve (AUC) of both methods were calculated using ROC curves and were compared using Hanley& McNeil curve comparisions.Results Sixteen patients had intact ACL,12 had complete tear,and 12 had partial tear of the ACL at arthroscopy.For complete ACL tear,AUC of 2D MR and 3D Cube was 0.839 and 0.923 respectively,and there was no significant difference on ROC curves (Z =1.245,P =0.213).For partial ACL tears,AUC of 2D and 3D Cube MR were 0.643 and 0.881 respectively,and there was significant difference on ROC curves (Z =2.384,P =0.017).Conclusions Both 2D MR and 3D Cube MR have high sensitivity and specificity for identifying the complete ruptures of ACL.3D Cube MRI appears to be superior inidentifying partial rupture of ACL.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and surgical management of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma(PSH).Methods Clinical records of 33 cases of PSH(34 lesions) in this hospital from 1987 to 2002 were reviewed.There were 6 male cases and 27 female cases,with a mean age of 41.3 years(range,24~57 years).Twenty-three cases had an initial symptom of bloody sputum,while 10 cases were disclosed by physical examinations.Image findings revealed solitary mass of the lung in all the cases,in 5 of which a "crescent sign" was presented.Results Preoperatively,28 cases were diagnosed as having pulmonary benign tumors(including 5 cases of suspected sclerosing hemangioma),1 case was clarified as having PSH by percutaneous needle aspiration cytology,and 4 cases were misdiagnosed as having lung cancer. All the patients received surgical treatment,including 21 cases of unilateral pulmonary lobectomy,1 case of bilateral lobectomy,5 cases of segmentectomy,4 cases of wedge resection(including 1 case of bilateral thoracoscopic wedge resection),and 2 cases of tumor excision.The operation time was 45~210 min(mean,90 min),and the blood loss was 100~600 ml(mean,230 ml).No peri-operative deaths were encountered.Follow-up surveys in 33 cases for(3~)10 years(mean,5.5 years) found no recurrence.Conclusions In middle-aged women,if the sign of bloody sputum develops,and image findings indicate the solitary mass of the lung,especially with a "crescent sign",a diagnosis of PSH is possible.Percutaneous needle aspiration cytology is helpful to make a confirmative diagnosis in some patients.It is advisable to manage the disease surgically.

Stressors can be classified as controllable and uncontrollable events.Self-choice behavior plays an important role in the "problem-solution" process of coping when individual faces controllable stressors.As to the uncontrollable stressors there are 2 different coping modes: transformation and compensation coping.This paper reviews the research achievements in the relationship between stress and self-choice behavior.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between the endolymphatic hydrops in vestibule and symp‐toms ,audiovestibular functions in patients with Meniere's disease .Methods Twenty -four hours after bilateral intra-tympanic 8 times diluted gadolinium administration , three - dimensional fluid - attenuated inversion recovery MRI ,using a three-Tesla unit ,was performed in 34 patients .The extent of endolymphatic hydrops in the MRI images was assessed and compared the hydrops with age ,duration ,stage of the disease ,frequency of attacks ,pure tone audiometry ,caloric test ,electrocochleography and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials .Results Thirty -four patients showed different levels of enhancement of perilymth in the inner ears .In these patients ,obvious signs of endolymphatic hydrops were visualized ,including 8 slight hydrops ,11 mild hydrops and 15 significant hydrops . In all 34 patients ,the results of PTA were 9 dB HL to 90 dB HL ,with average of 43 .56 dB HL and there were 21 abnormal and 13 normal patients in caloric test with a diagnostic rate 61 .76% ;17 normal ,7 abnormal and 10 not elicited patients in VEMP with a diagnostic rate 50% ;22 abnormal and 12 normal patients in electrocochleography with a diagnostic rate 64 .71% .There were almost no complications in all 34 patients after bilateral intra-tympanic injec‐tion except short vertigo among 5 of them .A statistically significant correlation was found between degrees of en‐dolymphatic hydrops in vestibule and age ,stage of the disease and VEMP (P<0 .05) ,whereas no significant corre‐lation was found between the extent of endolymphatic hydrops and duration ,frequency of attacks ,pure tone audi‐ometry ,caloric test ,electrocochleography(P> 0 .05) and the correlation coefficient were 0 .494 ,0 .568 ,0 .590 , 0 .495 ,respectively .Conclusion The degree of endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière's disease has significant correlation with age ,VEMP ,stage of the disease and pure tone audiometry .No significant correlation was found between hy‐drops and duration ,frequency of attacks ,functional level scale ,caloric test and electrocochleography .

Objective To investigate the transactivating effect of hepatitis C virus(HCV)core protein on inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)gene promoter and the molecular biological mecha- nisms of HCV pathogenesis.Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique was employed to amplify the sequence of iNOS promoter by using HepG2 genomic DNA as template,and the product was cloned into pGEM-T vector.The iNOSp gene was cut from T-iNOSp by KpnⅠand XhoⅠ,and then was cloned into pCAT3-Basic,the constructed vector was named as pCAT3-iNOSp,pCAT3-iN- OSp was transfected into the LO_2 cell line.LO_2 cell was also cotransfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-core and pCAT3-iNOSp by FuGENE 6 transfection reagents.The LO_2 cells transfected with pCAT3-Basic was used as negative control.The activity of CAT in LO_2 cells was detected by an ELISA kit after 48 hours,which reflected the transactivating function of HCV core protein to iNOS gene promoter.Re- sults The expressive vector pcDNA3.1(-)-core and report vector pCAT3-iNOSp had been construc- ted and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing.The expression of CAT in LO_2 cells transfected with pCAT3-iNOSp and peDNA3,1(-)-core was 11 times as higher as that of pCAT3-bas- ic,and 6 times as higher as that of pCAT3-iNOSp.Conclusion It is suggested that HCV core protein can transactivate iNOS gene promoter.

Objective: To establish the fingerprint chromatogram of Tongguanteng Injection (caulis Marsdeniae Tenacissimae). Methods: HPLC with ZORBAX SB C 18 column was used, the (a) 0.05% H 3PO 4 H 2O and (b) ACN 0.05% H 3PO 4 H 2O (13∶87) (gradient elution) as a mobile phase and detection wavelength at 254nm. Results: 22 peaks were indicated on the HPLC fingerprint of Tongguanteng Injection. The relative retention time and relative peak area were obtained with itself peak at retention time 48.5 min. Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used as a quality control method for Tongguantent Injection.

Objective To explore the protective effect of HGF on primary cultured spinal neurons in vitro.Methods Cultured neurons were transfected with Ad-GFP or Ad-HGF in different multiplicity of infection(MOI),then flow cytometer and PI-Hoechst double stains were used to assay transfer rate or to determine the status of cells respectively.ELISA was used to detect the expression of HGF in Ad-HGF transfected neurons,and the activity of neurons was judged by neutral red stain,MTT and NSE-ELISA methods.Results After transfection with Ad-GFP in MOI of 50,the transfer rate was high as detected by flow cytometer,and the status of cells was well as judged by PI-Hoechst double stain.The results of ELISA showed that HGF was expressed in medium.After transfection with Ad-HGF,the activity of neurons was better than neurons without treatment(P