In order to investigate the prevalence and track genetic and antigenic evolutions of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and their prevalence in Guangxi, China since 1985, gene amplification and sequencing and virus neutralization (VN) test on chicken embryo tracheal organ cultures were used in genotyping and serotyping of 28 IBV isolates during 2009-2011 in Guangxi. The results of N gene sequencing and comparison showed that the 28 isolates and reference strains were classified into three groups, and most isolates belonged to group Ill, while the isolates in 1985-2008 belonged to groups IV and II. The data of VN test indicated that the 28 isolates belonged to 6 serotypes; among them, 71. 4% belonged to serotypes 1, 2, and 3, and 11 (39.3%) shared the same serotype with the current vaccine strains. Given the data of our previous study, it is found that prevalent serotypes and their proportions varied in different areas of Guangxi and during different periods. These data lay a good foundation for developing an oil-emulsified inactivated polyvalent vaccine containing local dominant serotypes for the effective prevention and control of infectious bronchitis.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; veterinary ; virology ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases ; epidemiology ; immunology ; virology

BACKGROUND: Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation is widely used to treat various intertrochanteric fractures. Although its operation trauma is small, and the blood loss of perioperative period is still large. Tranexamic acid has been gradually used to reduce the bleeding of intertrochanteric fracture. The effectiveness and safety of reducing blood loss during perioperative period were not reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss in patients with intertrochanteric fracture undergoing proximal femoral nail anti-rotation. METHODS: One hundred and eight patients with intertrochanteric fracture undergoing proximal femoral nail anti-rotation were selected from First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between January 2015 and January 2017. Among all the subjects, 52 patients who received the operation before January 2016 served as the control group and 56 patients who received the operation after January 2016 were selected as the treatment group. Half an hour before operation, patients in the treatment group received 1 g tranexamic acid dissolved in 250 mL normal saline by intravenous dropping; patients in the control group just received 250 mL normal saline by intravenous dropping. The bleeding volume, blood transfusion volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit, coagulation index, D-dimer levels and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During perioperative period, actual blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, dominant blood loss, recessive blood loss, volume of drainage, blood transfusion volume and blood transfusion rate were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) There was no statistically significant difference in the hemoglobin and hematocrit between the two groups before operation (P > 0.05). The hemoglobin and hematocrit of the two groups gradually decreased after the operation, and there was a slight improvement in the fifth day after surgery. At postoperative 2 hours, 1, 3 and 5 days, the hemoglobin and hematocrit of the treatment group were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). At preoperation and each time point postoperation, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen levels were not statistically significant between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative D-dimer levels in the two groups were significantly higher than preoperation, and there was a return on the fifth day. There was no statistically significant difference between groups at preoperation and each time point of postoperation (P > 0.05). (3) The results suggest that the tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the dominant and recessive blood loss in patients with the intertrochanteric fracture, and it is safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo compare the diagnostic value between digital photography (DR) and multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle.

METHODSFrom August 2010 to August 2012, the DR and MSCT data of 52 patients with fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle were compared according to results of surgery or discharge diagnosis. There were 37 males and 15 females, aged from 15 to 49 years old. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe results of 52 cases of MSCT were matched with the postoperative or discharge diagnosis. A total of 172 fractures were found on MSCT and 98 fractures were found on DR, the results had significant difference in detecting fracture (V=1 081, P<0.05); A total of 24 dislocations were found on MSCT and 16 dislocations were found on DR,the results also had significant difference in detecting dislocation (V=21, P<0.05). Fractures of 6 cases with DR diagnosis were corrected and located by MSCT.

CONCLUSIONMSCT is significantly better than DR in diagnosis of fracture and dislocation of foot and ankle. The examination of two parts should be performed in DR. MSCT and multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) examination should be further performed if DR results are unclear or do not match with clinical symptoms, missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis can be avoided.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Joint Dislocations ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; methods ; Photography

At present, approximately 20% of Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) are relapsed and refractory, and therapeutic methods including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and even stem cell transplantation are unsatisfactory. Brentuximab vedotin, composed of CD30 antibody and a chemotherapeutic agent, is a new targeted drug that eradicates tumor cells by binding to the CD30 antigen on their surface. In clinical trials, the response rate and complete remission rate of this drug were 73% and 40%, respectively, for relapsed and refractory HL. Here we report a case of CD30-positive relapsed and refractory HL that was treated with brentuximab. Before the treatment with brentuximab, the patient underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and autologous stem cell transplantation. However, the disease continued to progress, affecting multiple organs and prompting symptoms such as persistent fever. After the treatment with brentuximab, the patient's condition improved. Body temperature returned to normal after 4 days. Lung nodules were reduced in size and number after a single course of treatment, and PET/CT showed partial remission and complete remission after 3 and 6 courses of treatment, respectively. The entire treatment process progressed smoothly, though the patient experienced some symptoms due to chemotherapy, including peripheral neuritis of the limbs, irritating dry cough, and mild increase in aminotransferase. No serious adverse effects were observed. The current general condition of the patient is good; the continuous complete remission has amounted to 6 months.
Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; therapeutic use ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; PAX5 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles produced and secre-ted into extracellular fluid by all cells. They mediate cell com-munication through carrying and transferring informational car-goes ( proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and so on ) to recipient cells. In central nervous system, exosomes can be released from all cell types including neurons, neural stem cells and neuroglia cells. These exosomes shuttle nucleic acids ( miRNAs, mRNAs and so on) and play an important role in nervous system devel-opment and function as well as diseases including Alzheimer's disease and drug addiction. Furthermore, the functional effects and targeting characteristics of exosomes-shuttle-RNAs suggest that exosomes-shuttle-RNAs can be diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we elaborate the effects, functions and mechanisms of exosomes-shuttle-RNAs in order to gain a new recognition of CNS development and diseases.

BACKGROUND: Posterior internal fixation is one of the most common methods for thoracolumbar fractures. There is a lack of systematic evaluation about the efficacy of injured vertebra pedicle screw fixation(IVPSF)versus short-segment pedicle instrumentation (SSPI) for thoracolumbar fracture. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of IVPSF and SSPI for single thoracolumbar fracture through a METHODS: A computer-based on-line research of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and WanFang databases was performed for the studies regarding IVPSF versus SSPI for thoracolumbar fracture from 1990 to 2016. meta-analysis. The randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were collected based on the strict criteria of inclusion and exclusion. A meta-analysis was conducted on Revman5.3 sofeware. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Eleven articles were enrolled, including 5 English and 6 Chinese ones, involving 689 patients (328 cases for IVPSF and 361 cases for SSPI). (2) The meta-analysis indicated that the operation time, blood loss and mean hospital stay showed no significant differences between two groups. IVPSF showed more effective than SSPI in the kyphotic angle correction and anterior vertebral height recovery at postoperation and 1-5 years of follow-up. Moreover, the incidence of postoperative fixation failure in IVPSF was lower than that in SSPI. (3) These findings suggest that IVPSF that reduces the postoperative fixation failure rate for thoracolumbar fractures provides better kyphosis correction and restoration of anterior vertebral height at post-operation and 1-5 years of follow-up.

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemic pattern and trend of HBV infection in the area where the people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for 20 years.

METHODSThe whole sampling method was applied in combination with cross-sectional investigation. Blood samples were taken from every member of families. Markers of HBV infection were determined by using solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA).

RESULTS(1) The average HBsAg positive rate was 7.5%. The positive rate of markers for HBV infection of 0-19 years old subjects were lower than those of > or = 20 years old subjects. (2) The positive rate of HBsAg of 0-19 years old subjects in 1985 was higher than that in 2005. The anti-HBs positive rate in 1985 stemmed to be higher with age. It was 12.4% in 1- age group to 53.8% in >60 years age group. While the result of 2005 showed that the anti-HBs positive rate of 0-19 years old subjects dropped with age. The anti-HBc positive rate in 1985 also tended to be higher with age. But the result of 2005 showed that the rate of 0-19 years old subjects was just 1.4% to 16.8%.

CONCLUSIONThe epidemic patterns of HBV infection have had significant variations in the target population. HBV vaccine immunization has obtained excellent efficacy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological pattern and trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the area where people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for long time.

METHODSThrough cluster sampling and cross-sectional study, relative information and blood samples from people in Long-an county by families were collected. Signals of HBV infection were tested by solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test.

RESULTS(1) The average HBsAg positive rate was 7.5% with anti-HBs as 44.5 %, and anti-HBc as 47.8%. The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc among 0-19 year-olds were lower than those of > or = 20 year-olds. (2) The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBV infection among HBV vaccine immunized group were 2.8%, 12.0% and 12.5% respectively, comparing with which among the un-immunized group as 10.2%, 69.8% and 71.2% respectively. (3) The HBsAg positive rate of male was higher than the female's but with no significant difference of anti-HBs and anti-HBc between different sexes. (4) The average HBsAg positive rate of 0-19 years old group was only 2.4%, while that of 20-30 years old group was 13.6%-17.7% and dropped from 60 years old group and on. The anti-HBs positive rate of 0-19 years old people started to drop significantly by age. The anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive rates of > or = 20 years people were showing a rising trend by ages.

CONCLUSIONIt seemed obviously that the HBV epidemiological patterns had changed after HBV vaccine had been universally used for long time in newborns. The age peak of infection had been pushed backward for nearly 20 years. It had been proved that the HBV vaccine immunization program had obtained excellent efficacy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Humans ; Neurons ; Olivary Nucleus ; Superior Olivary Complex