Objective To evaluate the diagnosis values of whole blood IFN-γ release assay on pulmonary tuberculosis ( TB)and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods One hundred and eighty five patients with tuberculosis( including 119 pulmonary TB and 66 extra-pulmonary TB),139 patients with other respiratory diseases and 100 healthy people were enrolled. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection testing was conducted with methods of IFN -γ release assay,sputum bacterial culture and sputum smear,respectively. Results of pathogen culture and/or clinical diagnosis were used as the golden standard to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these three methods. Results Compared with the results of clinical diagnosis,the sensitivity and specificity of IFN-γ release assays was 93. 51% and 84. 52%,respectively. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between pulmonary diagnosis( 90. 76%) and extra - pulmonary diagnosis (98. 49%)(P>0. 05). The sensitivity of sputum smear was 11. 76% in patients with pulmonary and 3. 03% in patients with extra - pulmonary. And the sensitivity of sputum bacterial culture in these two patient groups was 24. 37% and 3. 03%,respectively. Sensitivity of the IFN-γ release assay was higher than that of sputum culture and sputum smear (P<0. 05). The results of pathogen culture showed that 33 of 424 samples were positive,in which 2 were mycobacterium abscessus positive and 31 were mycobacterium tuberculosis positive. Compared with the results of pathogen culture,the sensitivity of IFN-γrelease assay was 90. 32%(95%CI:75. 10% -96. 65%). Conclusion IFN-γrelease assay is a fast,sensitive and convenient method to detect pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. It is worthy to be applied to clinical practice.

Bak Foong Pill has been used traditionally for treating gynecological disorders for several centuries but also with a newly modified formula for treating postmenopausal symptoms. Cumulating evidence indicates that Bak Foong Pill acts on multi-systems and affects various organ functions. The present review discusses the effects of Bak Foong Pill and its active components on overall body function, with particular focus on the gastrointestinal epithelial ion transport and the related underlying mechanisms.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; cytology ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; drug effects

The present study investigated the cellular mechanism underlying the effect of ligustrazine on the ion transport in rat distal colon using the short-circuit current (I(SC)) technique. In freshly isolated colonic strips, basolateral addition of ligustrazine stimulated a rise in I(SC), which was resistant to basolateral application of neuronal sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), but inhibited by 55.2% by basolateral pretreatment with prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin. The ligustrazine-induced I(SC) increase was inhibited by apical application of Cl(-) channel blockers diphenylamine-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid (DPC) and glibenclamide. Basolaterally administered bumetanide, an inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-2 Cl(-) cotransporter, inhibited ligustrazine-evoked current increases by 85.2% and basolateral exposure to Ba(2+), a non-specific potassium channels blocker, and blocked the current by more than 90%, indicating that basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-2 Cl(-) cotransporter and K(+) channels played an important role in the effect of ligustrazine. The results suggested that ligustrazine could stimulate rat distal colon (-) secretion that is mediated by basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-2 Cl(-) cotransporter and K(+) channel.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Colon ; metabolism ; physiology ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Evoked Potentials ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; metabolism ; Ion Transport ; drug effects ; Male ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To construct recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 and investigate its im-muno-boosting effect of the mice primed with the experimental DNA vaccine against Coxsackievirus infection. Methods The recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 was constructed and packaged. The Western blot analysis was used to verify the target protein. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: Ad/MDC-VP1 group, pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 group, pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost group and PBS group. The mice in each group were immunized intramuscularly. The titers of serum IgG and neutralizing antibody were tested by ELISA and trace neutralization assay, respectively. The lymphocytes proliferation activity and specific CTL cytotoxic activity were tested by CCK-8 assay. The mice in each group were challenged with le-thal dose of Coxsackievirus, and the assay of the serum virus titers and the observation of protection efficacy against Coxsackievirus infection were carried out. Results The recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 was successfully constructed and the target protein was expressed. It was observed that the titers of CVB3 VP1 specific antibody, lymphocyte stimulation index, CTL cytotoxicity activities and protection rate of the pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost group were much higher than those of the rest groups( P < 0.05), and the titer of serum virus was lower after CVB3 challenged ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Both the cellular and humoral immune responses in mice could been significantly enhanced by the pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost strategy.

OBJECTIVETo recognize the clinical features of the enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection with pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage as a fulminant and often fatal illness.

METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the three cases with EV71 infection for clinical manifestation, laboratory data, medications, outcome etc.

RESULTSAll the cases were infants and they all died. These infants had no skin or mucosal lesions, however, they had sudden onset of cyanosis and tachypnea 1 to 2 days after the onset of the febrile disease with vomiting. All these 3 cases were misdiagnosed and were treated for shock on admission. Pulmonary hemorrhage was not considered in any of the cases on admission. All the cases received tracheal intubation when foamy secretions were discharged from mouth and nose of the patients and notable cyanosis was noted. After intubation, all had pink foamy fluid flew out from the endotracheal tube. The patients had hyperglycemia and limb weakness, two had tachycardia, and hypertension was found in one case. Chest X-ray showed bilateral or unilateral widespread air space opacity, but the cardiac size and shape were normal. All the patients had leucocytosis. EV71 infection was confirmed by detection of specific sequences of the virus in throat swab and tracheal secretions samples and in one case in cerebrospinal fluid sample.

CONCLUSIONPulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in the 3 cases with EV71-infected infants. The initial presentation was often nonspecific with fever and vomiting, and sudden appearances of cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension or hypotension, limb weakness may suggest pulmonary edema or hemorrhage. Excessive fluid resuscitation may deteriorate the illness, on the contrary, fluid restriction and inotropic agents, and early intubation with positive pressure mechanical ventilation may be the proper treatment.

Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; pathology ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; etiology ; virology ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To study the role of quality control circle(QCC) in reducing operation-related acute pressure ulcer.Methods The QCC activity group composed by 13 nursing staff analyzed the current situation and causality of operation-related acute pressure ulcer,and made the pointed counter measures to reducing the incidence rate.Results Following the development of QCC activity,the incidence rate of operation-related acute pressure ulcer decreased from 1.83% to 0.73%. The sense of responsibility,communication,teamwork,motivation,quality control ability and harmony of all the group members were improved significantly after the activity.Conclusions The QCC activity could not only effectively reduced the incidence rate of operation-related acute pressure ulcer,but also consolidated our team spirit and enhanced the quality management capability of all team members.

OBJECTIVETo fine map the gene responsible for pure paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia in a Chinese family.

METHODSSix additional markers flanking the tightly linked markers were chosen in the candidate region resulting from a whole genome-wide scanning and tested by parameter and nonparameter analysis using Linkage and Genehunter softwares to fine map the candidate region.

RESULTSEvidence for linkage of the pure paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia to chromosome 3 was further confirmed. A maximum two-lod score of 2.82 at theta=0 was obtained with D3S3669. Critical recombinants place the PKD gene between D3S1314 and D3S1265.

CONCLUSIONA new locus of pure paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is localized within a 10.2 cM interval on 3q28-29, between markers D3S1314 and D3S1265.

Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chorea ; genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; methods ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Genome, Human ; genetics ; Genomics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree

Lung cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the world, and its incidence and mortality is increasing year by year. Interactions between tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME) affect tumor proliferation, infiltration, and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) are prominent components of TME, and they have dual regulation effects on malignant progression of lung cancer. The number, activity, and function of M2 macrophages are related to the poor prognosis of lung cancer, and M2 macrophages participate in tumor angiogenesis and immune escape. It has been proved that traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) and their active ingredients can enhance the antitumor effects, reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and prolong the survival rates of patients with cancer. This paper summarized the role of TAMs in the lung cancer initiation and progression, explored the molecular mechanism of TCM in regulating the recruitment, polarization phenotype, activity, and expression of related factors and proteins of TAMs, and discussed related signal pathways in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer based on the TCM theory of "reinforcing healthy qi and eliminating pathogen". This paper is expected to provide new ideas for the immunotherapy of targeted TAMs.
Humans ; Tumor-Associated Macrophages/pathology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Macrophages ; Immunotherapy ; Tumor Microenvironment

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and mechanism of baicalin （BA） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced acute lung injury in rats. MethodEighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， low-dose BA （BA-L） group， medium-dose BA （BA-M） group， high-dose BA （BA-H） group， dexamethasone （DEX） group， SB203580 group， and BA + SB203580 group， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the BA-L， BA-M， and BA-H groups were injected intraperitoneally with different doses （10， 50， 100 mg·kg^-1） of BA solution， the ones in the DEX group with 5 mg·kg^-1 DEX solution， the ones in the SB203580 group with 0.5 mg·kg^-1 SB203580 solution， the ones in the BA + SB203580 group with 100 mg·kg^-1 BA solution and 0.5 mg·kg^-1 SB203580， and those in both the control group and model group with the same volume of normal saline， once per day， for seven successive days. One hour after the last administration， rats in all groups except for the control group were given 5 mg·kg^-1 LPS via intratracheal instillation for inducing the acute lung injury， whereas those in the control group received the same volume of normal saline solution. Twelve hours later， the lung tissues were sampled and stained with htoxylin-eosin （HE） for observing the pathological changes， followed by the counting of the total number of cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. The wet/dry weight ratio of the lung tissue and the contents of serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured. The activity of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in the lung tissue was detected by immunofluorescence and the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in BALF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was conducted to determine the relative expression of p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） and Western blotting was carried out to detect the protein expression levels of p-p38 MAPK， thioredoxin interacting protein （TXNIP）， NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， and cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-1 （Caspase-1） in the lung tissue. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group displayed inflammatory pathological changes in lung tissue， elevated wet/dry weight ratio， total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF， and ROS and MDA levels （P<0.01）， decreased SOD activity （P<0.01）， and up-regulated IL-1， IL-18， IL-6， TNF-α， p-p38 MAPK， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， BA at different doses， SB203580， and BA + SB203580 all effectively alleviated the pathological changes in lung tissue induced by LPS， reduce the lung wet/dry weight ratio， the total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF， and ROS and MDA levels （P<0.05，P<0.01）， enhanced the activity of SOD （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and down-regulated the expression of IL-1β， IL-18， IL-6，TNF-α， p-p38 MAPK， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 in lung tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionBA has a protective effect against LPS-induced acute lung injury， which may be related to its inhibition of p38MAPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway and the improvement of inflammatory response.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.