Objective To investigate the features of gallbladder carcinoma in two-phase spiral CT, and to analysis the values of two-phase spiral CT for the differential diagnosis between gallbladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis. Methods The two-phase spiral CT manifestations of 30 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, proved by surgery and pathology, and 30 cases of chronic cholecystitis were analyzed. Results According to the CT findings, the gallbladder carcinoma was categorized into 3 types: intraluminal mass of gallbladder in 6 out of 30 (20.0%), thickening of the gallbladder wall in 11 (33.7%), and mass replacing the normal gallbladder in 13(43.4%). The most common enhancement patterns of the wall in gallbladder carcinoma were hyperattenuation during the arterial phase, while isoattenuation with the adjacent hepatic parenchyma during the venous phase; or hyperattenuation during both phases. The most common enhancement pattern of the wall in chronic cholecystitis was isoattenuation during both phases, with clear hypoattenuation linear shadow in the gallbladder fossa. Other ancillary features of gallbladder carcinomas included: infiltration of the adjacent parenchyma, local lymphadenopathy and intrahepatic metastasis. Conclusion Two-phase spiral CT scan can identify the features of the gallbladder carcinoma and is helpful for the differential diagnosis of these two different disease entities.

Objective To evaluate the value of plain and dual-phasic enhanced 16-slice CT in the diagnosis and preoperative TNM staging of the gastric carcinoma,and to discuss the relationship between image signs and pathologic findings.Methods Fifty-three cases of the gastric carcinoma confirmed histopathologically underwent 16-slice CT examination.The scan protocol included plain scanning,the arterial phase and portal venous phase scanning.The manifestation of the three series images and multiplanar reconstruction(MPR) images were analyzed.Results ①The accuracies of 16-slice CT for the T stage,the N stage and the M stage of the gastric carcinoma were 83.02%,80.00% and 92.45% respectively.②The overall accuracy of 16-slice CT for judging TNM stage was 84.91%.Conclusion The plain scan and dual phase enhanced scans of 16-slice CT,especially the thin slice and MPR with proper windows technique are helpful for the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma and the TNM stage,which is useful for the selection of the operative project and the therapy plan.

Objective To evaluate the value of hyomental distance (HMD) measured when the byoid was located using ultrasound in predicting the difficult airway.Methods Two hundred and thirteen patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index of 14-34 kg/m2,with interincisor distance ＞3 cm,with atlanto-axial joint mobility ＞ 90°,of Mallampati class Ⅰ-Ⅳ,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,scheduled for elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia,were enrolled in the study.The HMD was measured by fingers (finger breaths in width,HMDf) and by rulers (HMDr) when the hyoid was located artificially and when the hyoid was viewed on ultrasound (HMDu) before anesthesia induction.After anesthesia induction,the difficult airway was defined as Cormack-Lehane grade 3 or 4 assessed under direct laryngoscope during intubation.The hyoid viewed on ultrasound was considered as the criterion,and the error rate was calculated when the hyoid was located artificially.Youden Index was used to determine the optimal value in predicting difficult airway,and the specificity and sensitivity of HMDf,HMDr and HMDu in predicting difficult airway were calculated based on this criterion.Results The error rate was 18.8％ when the hyoid was located artificially.The specificity and sensitivity of HMDu in predicting difficult airway were 64.6％ and 91.5％,respectively.The specificity and sensitivity of HMDr in predicting difficult airway were 62.5％ and 84.8％,respectively.The specificity and sensitivity of HMDf in predicting difficult airway was 29.2％ and 98.2％,respectively.Conclusion The HMD measured when the hyoid is located using ultrasound can accurately predict the difficult airway.

Objective:To synthesize disubstituted pyridine and I-substituted propynyl carbamates and study their antimicrobial activities, searching for more potent and less toxic antimicrobial agents.Methods: The title compounds were synthesized through the process of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution. Antimicrobial test in vitro was determined with 13 kinds of common mildews and bacteria(Aspergullus niger, aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor,Trichoderma viride, Paecilomium varioti Bainier, Chaetomium globsum, Penicillium citrinum, Cladochytrium clodospoium, Escherichia colo, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacillus fluorescens, and Bacillus megatherium). The chemical structures of all compounds were determined by IR, 1 HNMR and elementary analysis.Results: Seven disubstituted pyridine and I-substituted propynyl carbamates obtained were firstly reported. All compounds showed antimicrobial activity, especially compound 3e, who had more potent activity compared with the that of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl- carbamate (IPBC). MIC of the compound 3e was between 2?10 -6 g/ml to 30?10 -6 g/ml . Conclusion: Compound 3e has the best antimicrobial activity and should be futher studied.

Objective To investigate the effects of aquatic Taiji Quan on balance function of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Methods From March to December, 2015, 30 patients with incomplete spinal cord injury received aquatic Taiji Quan exercise based on rou-tine rehabilitation, 30 minutes every day, five times a week for five weeks. They were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after exercise. Dynamic balance function and static balance function were also assessed with Active Balancer assessment. Results The BBS score significantly improved after exercise (t=-9.652, P<0.001). The track length and area of gravity movement with eyes open and closed decreased (t>3.528, Z>-2.590, P<0.01). No improvement was observed in the deflection center displacement of X and Y axes (P>0.05). The dynamic stability limit range enlarged (t=-4.516, P<0.01), and the time to target significantly shortened (t=4.530, P<0.001). Conclusion Aquatic Taiji Quan can improve the balance function of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Objective To translate the Water Orientation Test of Alyn 1 (WOTA1) into Chinese and investigate the test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability and validity of this Chinese Version. Methods The Water Orientation Test of Alyn 1 was translated from English into Chinese. 25 children with cerebral palsy were tested with Chinese Version of WOTA1 by 2 raters. One of the raters accessed the same children again after 2 days. While the children were assessed with Brief Assessment of Motor Function (BAMF). The scores from both raters, twice of one rater, and of WOTA1 and of BAMF were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Results The correlation coefficient of test-retest of WOTA1 total score is 0.992 (95% CI: 0.982-0.996), and it was 0.887 to 1.000 of the scores of items. The correlation coefficient of inter-rater of total score is 0.992 (95% CI: 0.980-0.998), and it was 0.748 to 1.000 of the scores of items. The correlation coefficient between scores of WOTA1 and BAMF was 0.926 (P<0.01). Conclusion The Chinese Version of WOTA1 is good reliable and valid to assess the motor function in hydrotherapy pool.

ObjectiveTo discuss the central modulating mechanisms while acupuncturing the Stomach 36[ST36(Zusanli)]by brain functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET).MethodsPET imaging of whole brain was performed in a group of six healthy subjects during two stimulation paradigms: pseudo acupuncture and real acupuncture at acupoint ST36(Zusanli). The data on cerebral glycometabolism,obtained by using PET,was analyzed by using statistical parametric mapping (SPM).ResultsThere was certain increase of glycometabolism in ipsilateral hypothalamus,back of medulla oblongata;bilateral insular lobe; contralateral paracentral lobule,superior part of precentral and postcentral gyrus,opercular part of frontal and temporal lobe,middle part of cingulate gyrus,head of caudate nucleus,middle part of the back of midbrain and pons,and deep part of cerebellum,whereas decrease in ipsilateral superior part of precentral and postcentral gyrus and lateral part of ipsilateral anterior cerebellar lobe,while acupuncturing at acupoint ST36(Zusanli on the right leg).ConclusionsThe central modulating mechanisms of acupuncturing ST36 are realized by neural and neuroendocrine network modulation mechanisms of vegetative nerve center in cortex and subcortex.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK -8 ) on TNF -α induced IL - 6 mRNA expression, NF - κB activation in the rat fibroblast - like synovial cell strain RSC - 364 and its possible receptor mechanisms. METHODS: RSC -364 cells were stimulated with TNF - α( 10 μg/L) in the presence or absence of sCCK- 8( 10-8 - 10-6 mol/L) or/and CCK receptor antagonist proglumide(2 mg/L). IL -6 and CCK receptor A/B (CCK- AR/CCK/BR) mRNA expression were assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) at 3 h after stimulation, and nuclear factor - κB (NF - κB) binding activity was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) at lh after stimulation. At 30 min of stimulation the IκB protein level in cytoplasma was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: Both CCK - AR and CCK - BR were constitutively expressed on RSC - 364. sCCK - 8, at concentrations from 10-8 mol/L to 10 -6 mol/L, significantly increased IL - 6 mRNA expression, CCK - AR and CCK - BR mRNA expression, NF - κB binding activity and IκB protein degradation. The effects of sCCK - 8 on NF - κB activity and IκB degradation level were attenuated by CCK receptor antagonist proglumide. CONCLUSION: sCCK - 8 upregulats TNF - α- induced IL - 6 mRNA expression by NF - κB pathway through its receptor on rat synoviocytes, suggesting its possible regulatory role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM:To investigate the effect of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8) on TNF-? induced IL-6 mRNA expression,NF-?B activation in the rat fibroblast-like synovial cell strain RSC-364 and its possible receptor mechanisms.METHODS:RSC-364 cells were stimulated with TNF-?(10 ?g/L) in the presence or absence of sCCK-8(10-8-10-6 mol/L) or/and CCK receptor antagonist proglumide(2 mg/L).IL-6 and CCK receptor A/B(CCK-AR/CCK/BR) mRNA expression were assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) at 3 h after stimulation,and nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) binding activity was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA) at 1h after stimulation.At 30 min of stimulation the I?B protein level in cytoplasma was measured by Western blotting.RESULTS:Both CCK-AR and CCK-BR were constitutively expressed on RSC-364.sCCK-8,at concentrations from 10-8 mol/L to 10-6 mol/L,significantly increased IL-6 mRNA expression,CCK-AR and CCK-BR mRNA expression,NF-?B binding activity and I?B protein degradation.The effects of sCCK-8 on NF-?B activity and I?B degradation level were attenuated by CCK receptor antagonist proglumide.CONCLUSION:sCCK-8 upregulats TNF-?-induced IL-6 mRNA expression by NF-?B pathway through its receptor on rat synoviocytes,suggesting its possible regulatory role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect s of a synthetic CRE-transcription factor decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (CRE-decoy ODN) on the upregulation of the expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) and fosB mRN A induced by chronic morphine administration in SK-N-SH cells. METHODS: The CRE cis-element, TGACGTCA, was palindromic, a sy nthetic single-stranded phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide composed of the CR E sequence self-hybridizes to form a duplex/hairpin. The CRE-palindromic decoy a nd control oligodeoxynucleotides were added to the medium (1 h before exposure t o morphine) at 150 nmol/L in the presence of cationic lipid DOTAP. After the cel ls were treated with 100 ?mol/L morphine for 48 h, 10 ?mol/L naloxone was use d for 15 min. The effects of CRE-decoy ODN on the DNA-binding activity of CREB, the expression of CCK and fosB mRNA were detected by electrophoresis mobi lity shift assay (EMSA) and RT-PCR, respectively. The stability of cell-incorpo rated [ 32P]-labeled CRE-decoy ODN was extracted with phenol:chloroform a nd then subjected to 20% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and au toradiography. RESULTS: Chronic morphine administration and acute naloxone-prec ipitated withdrawal significantly activated the DNA-binding activity of CREB and the expression of CCK and fosB mRNA in SK-N-SH cells. The CRE-decoy ODN pen etrated into the cells, specifically downregulated these indexes. CONCLUSIONS: CRE-decoy ODN can significantly downregulates the e xpre ssion of CCK and fosB mRNA through specifically suppressing the DNA-binding activity of CREB activated by chronic morphine administration in SK-N-SH cells.