Objective To investigate the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on neuron apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 after excitotoxic brain injury induced by ibotenic acid (Ibo) in mice during different developmental stages.Methods A total of 144 healthy KM mice aged 7 d (n =48),21 d (n =48) and 42 d (n =48) were selected,and those of the same age were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups:sham surgery group (n =16),Ibo group (n =16) and EPO treated group (n =16).Brain injury model was established by Ibo 1μl (5 μg) injected into left hippocampus.In EPO treated group,intraperitoneal injection of 5000 U/ (kg · d) EPO was performed for 3 consecutive days after injection of 1 μl Ibo into left hippocampus.Mice in sham surgery group and Ibo control group were treated with saline in the same dose instead.The pathological changes of neurons in hippocampus were observed 3 d after modeling in each group with Nissl staining,the level and activity of caspase-3 in hippocampus were determined by ABCELISA and spectrophotometry.Result After modeling,degeneration and death of neurons in hippocampuswith substantially decrease in number of intact neurons were found under light microscopy in Ibo group in comparison with sham surgery group.However,compared with the Ibo group,pathological changes in EPO treated group were less serious.The level of caspase-3 in Ibo control group was significantly higher than that in sham surgery group (P＜0.05),and the level of caspase-3 in EPO treated group was significantly lower than that in Ibo group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The level of caspase-3 is significantly up-regulated in hippocampus of mice with Ibo-induced brain injury,leading to neuron apoptosis.EPO mitigates brain injury and plays a role of protection on brain function,suggesting the mechanism is attributed to decrease in caspase-3.

Objective To study curative efficacy of radix notoginseng saponin dispersible tablets combined with rivaroxaban in treatment of tibial fracture after operation and its effects on joint function and the leves of inflammatory factors .Methods 90 patients of tibial fracture who received therapy from March 2014 to March 2016 in our hospital were selected.According to random number table,all elective surgery,those patients were divided into the observation group (n=45) and the control group (n=45),the control group was treated with radix notoginseng saponin dispersible tablets,while the observation group was treated combined with rivaroxaban.After two weeks of treatment, the hemorheology, inflammatory factors, joint function were compared between two groups.Results The patient swelling time and bed time in the observation group were shorter than the control group (P<0.05);after treatment,the levels of red cell volume, whole blood viscosity,fibrinogen in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05);the levels of tumor necrosis factor TNF-α, IL-1,IL-6 in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05);after treatment three months and six months,the Baird-Jackson scores in the observation group were higher than the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion Radix notoginseng saponin dispersible tablets combined with rivaroxaban is well for tibial fracture after operation,which can improve hemorheology,reduce the level of inflammatory factors,promote joint functional recovery.

Objective To study the changes of gene and protein expressions of key components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in myocardium of simulated weightless rats. Method Tail-suspended rats were adopted as animal model of simulated weightlessness. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to examine mRNA and protein expressions in rat myocardium, respectively. Result After 1 week tail-suspension,no obvious changes in angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), 1a and 1b subtype of type 1 angiotensin Ⅱ receptor (AT 1aand AT 1b), key components of RAS in myocardium were observed. But after 4 weeks tail-suspension, the expressions of AGT mRNA and higher molecular weight band of AGT protein increased significantly (P

Objective To study the expression of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG),insulin signaling pathway and glucose transporter in placenta of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of GDM. Methods A total of 10 full-term and non-obese(BMI<25 kg/m2)pregnancy women diagnosed with GDM and 10 normal pregnant cases were recruited for the study. Placental tissues were collected respectively. The expression of protein and mRNA of SHBG and insulin signal transduction(IRS-1,ISR-2,PI3K p85α)and glucose transporter proteins(GLUT-1,GLUT-3,GLUT-4)in placental tissue were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Pearson and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation among the related indicators. Results In the placental tissue of non-obese women,there existed a decrease(P<0.05)in the expression of protein and mRNA of SHBG with a concurrent a decrease(P<0.05)in the expression of protein and mRNA of GLUT-4 in GDM women compared with normal controls. Furthermore ,a decrease(P<0.05)of GLUT-3 and IRS-1 protein expression with lower(P<0.05)IRS-2 mRNA expression was also observed in placental tissue from GDM patients. No changes were found in PI3K p85α and GLUT-1 at both protein and mRNA levels(P>0.05). Results of linear correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between SHBG mRNA and IRS-2 mRNA(P<0.05),SHBG mRNA and PI3K p85α mRNA(P<0.05),and SHBG mRNA and GLUT-4 mRNA(P<0.05). There was also a remarkable positive correlation between IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT-4 mRNA(P<0.01). There existed negative correlations between IRS-1 mRNA and PI3K p85α mRNA(P<0.05),and IRS-1 mRNA and GLUT-3 mRNA(P<0.05). There existed a remarkable positive correlation between IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT-1 mRNA(P<0.01). Conclusion The defective receptors of insulin signaling pathway are present in GDM placental tissue. Decreased expression of SHBG may be involved in the regulation insulin signaling ,leading to a concomitant decrease expression of relevant insulin signaling components in placental tissue ,implying insulin resistance and developing GDM finally.

Objective To analyze the clinical key points of minimally invasive tracheostomy with percutaneous horn expansion applicated in ICU,and to discuss the problems encountered in minimally invasive surgery and the solutions.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients of minimally invasive tracheostomy with percutaneous horn expansion in ICU were analyzed retrospectively.Results Twenty-one patients with minimally invasive tracheostomy with percutaneous horn expansion were successfully performed in 25 patients of ICU (no incision sputum,subcutaneous emphysema,pneumothorax and other complications),2 patients had more postoperative bleeding,2 patients were difficult to imbedding catheter,of which 1 case abandoned the catheter and received conventional tracheotomy.Conclusion Percutaneous horn expansion minimally invasive tracheostomy has the advantages of small incision,less injury,less operative time,less blood loss and low incidence of complications.However,ICU patients are in severe condition and easy to change.Adequate preoperative preparation,controlling the key steps in the operation can find a solution to the problme.

Objective To analyze the incidence of invasive fungal infection and the risk factor in primary acute leukemia patients.Methods Retrospectively analysis of clinical data from Jan 2007 to Jun 2008 about 80 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia primary treated in Peking University People's hospital.Results The incidence of invasive fungal infection is 13.8%,elderly patients、higer WBC counts and longer antibiotics treatment are the risk factor for the fungal infection.Conclusion There are high incidence of invasive fungal infection in induction therapy for primary acute leukemia,the prophylaxis therapy should be consider in high risk patients.

Microbial is a renewable resource which can produce polysaccharide. Its unique physiological activities and broad applications are attracting increasing attention. In this article, the source and the fermenta- tion conditions of microbial polysaccharide was reviewed, with a view to provide a scientific basis for the production of the microbial polysaccharide.

Endoscopy ; Humans ; Skull Base ; anatomy & histology ; surgery

Objective To establish the training objective systems for undergraduates in mili-tary clinical medicine in order to promote the educational reform of military medicine, and to improve the quality of talents training in military medical universities. Methods Literature analysis was made to determine the initial military clinical medical undergraduate training objectives, and a questionnaire was given to experts, on-the-job military doctors, medical graduates to know the real requirements of military doctors' position. A total of 455 valid questionnaires were collected. Then the questionnaire results were discussed and summarized by the method of expert discussion. Finally,. Delphi method was used to determine the ultimate training objective system. Results The ultimate training objective system of military undergraduate clinical medicine contains two aspects, eight fields and sixty-one standards objective systems. Conclusion Organically fusing military medical knowledge, ability and professional quality requirement into two levels and eight modules and clearly understanding the standards and requirements of each module are significantly systematic, advanced and operable, which has important reference value and guiding significance to both the military medical colleges and uni-versities and the local universities.

Objective To explore the effects of ligustrazine on secretion of nitric oxide(NO) in ventricular tissues of rats under physiologi-cal condition.Methods Twenty-four normal wistar rats were divided into three groups,eight each group.The left and right ventricular tissues of each rats were divided into control group and 2 ligustrazine groups and the final concentrations of ligustrazine were 15 mg/L and 150 mg/L respectively.The ventricular tissues that had been cutting into small pieces were incubated in 37 ℃ thermostatic water bath for 4 hours with Krebs solution as supernatant.After incubation of the ventricular tissues,the spectrophotometric method was used to detect the content of NO_2~-/NO_3~-in the supernatant.Results Compared with the content of NO in control group,it was significantly decreased in the 150 mg/L ligustrazine group(P