Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and electroencephalogram (EEG)characteristics of agyria-pachygyria for its early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis judgment in clinical practice.Methods The clinical manifestations and EEG features of twenty-four patients with agyria-pachygyria who were diagnosed by CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) at Pediatric Neurology of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2004 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of twenty-four patients,eighteen cases were diagnosed as diffuse agyria-pachygyria and six cases were diagnosed as partial agyria-pachygyria.The clinical features were mainly manifested as mental retardation (twenty-four patients),and motor retardation (twenty-four patients),and epilepsy (eighteen patients).All of the twenty-four patients had abnormal EEG pattern which were mainly three tapes.Type Ⅰ had diffused high amplitude alpha and beta activity in all cortical regions,frontal-central,or parietal-occipital region (fourteen patients).Type Ⅱ showed alternating high amplitude bursts with sharp and slow waves (seven patients).Type Ⅲ was characterized by high amplitude spike or sharp wave activity generalized or multifocal distribution and δ,θ wave mixing graphics (twelve patients).Nine of twenty-four patients showed two or three EEG characteristic patterns in an awake-asleep EEG recording.During the follow-up of 1-8 years old,twelve of the thirteen patients who were diagnosed as epilepsy in diffuse agyria-pachygyria had refractory epilepsy,mainly with infantile spasms or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.One of the five patients who was diagnosed as epilepsy in focal agyria-pachygyria had refractory epilepsy,mainly for partial epilepsy secondary generalized seizures.There was a significant difference between them (P =0.008).Eighteen of twenty patients who had moderate-severe mental retardation or dyskinesia were diagnosed as diffuse a gyria-pachygyria,while two were focal agyria-pachygyria.Both of them had a significant difference (P =0.005).Conclusions Agyria-pachygyria is a brain malformation caused by neuronal migration abnormality.Diffuse agyria-pachygyria is presented with serious clinical manifestations and poor outcome while the clinical manifestation of focal agyria-pachygyria is relatively mild and epilepsy could be controlled by antiepileptic drugs or epilepsy surgery.These characteristics of EEG patterns along with clinical findings could provide important evidence for early diagnosis,timely treatment and prognosis judgment of agyria-pachygyria.

0.05).However,A-waves were recorded in 7 patients who were with normal F-waves.Conclusion The occur- rence of A-waves,especially of multiple type,in the ulnar and median nerves might be helpful for the early diagnosis of Guillain-Barr?Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To study the drug resistance,drug-resistant genes and(disinfectant)-resistant genes of(MRS)A.METHODS The drug resistance and mecA gene of the ?-lactamase and aac(6′)/aph(2″),aph(3′)-Ⅲ,ant(4′,4″) genes of aminoglycoside and qac(A/B) disinfectant-resistant genes were(detected) in 47 strains of MRSA.(RESULTS) In all 47 strains of MRSA,46 MRSA isolates were mecA positive,39 MRSA isolates were aac(6′)/aph(2″) positive,30 MRSA isolates were aph(3′)-Ⅲ positive,6 MRSA isolates were ant(4′,4″) positive,and 19 MRSA isolates were qac(A/B) positive.CONCLUSIONS MRSA is multiple-drug resistant.The main resistant mechanisms of MRSA to aminoglycosides and disinfectant are related to the drug-resistant genes of aminoglycoside and disinfectant-resistant genes.Clinic physician must pay attention to the diagnosis and(therapy) of MRSA,and control the hospital infection.

To explore the impact of Salmonella on Enterococcusfaecalis isolate N41 under the coexisting,the growth traits and the transcription of 26 virulence genes of N41 at various growth phases were detected.Salmonella and/or N41 were inoculated and done plate counting,then growth curves were drawn and bacterial total RNA were extracted at given time points,quantitive realtime PCR was used to analyze the RNA transcription levels of 26 virulence genes of N41.The result showed that comparison with single incubation,the bacteria concentration of N41 dropped about 3.9 times,and Salmonella dropped about 110-times.Among 26 virulence genes of N41,the RNA transcription levels of 12 virulence genes such as ebpA,ebpC,rnjB,ace,ebpR,psr and so on were promoted at the four growth phases,but the RNA transcription levels of SlyA and sprE were dropped.Except that the RNA transcription levels of CylL-S,CylL-L,efaA and AS had no significant changes at the four growth phases,the mostly rest genes increased dramatically at post-log phase.This indicated that when incubated together,N41 inhibited the growth of Salmonella significantly,and Salmonella promoted the transcription levels of virulence genes of N41 as a whole.The results lay a foundation for further research on the interaction between bacteria species and the pathogenicity mechanism of Enterococci.

Objective To reduce the misdiagnosis of the inpatients admitted to digest department with abdominal pain through analyzing the consultation undertaken by surgeon.Method The causes and the constituent ratio according to the case records of those inpatients admitted to digest department because of abdominal pain were analyzed.Results The obstruction of hollow viscus was the first cauge(51.07%),and the tumor of digestive tract(17.78%)was the second cause for invitation for consultation to surgeon of the inpatients with abdominal pain in digest department wards.The ultrasound 32.78%,CT 26.67% and gastroenterological endoscope 13.89% were definite diagnosis,and should shorten the time of consultation.Conclusion Whether inpatient or outpatient with abdominal pain should be planned to be examined by ultrasound,CT or gastroenterological endoscope,obgerve the changes of the symptom and sign so that the misdiagnosis can be avoided.

Objective To characterized the Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates recovered during 2002 to 2005 from outpatients in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan China. Methods The 36 isolates from Tongji Hospital were characterized by antimicrobial-susceptibility testing and screened for class Ⅰ integrons, beta-lactamase genes, qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. All isolates were also characterized by pulsed-fieldgel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the genetic relateness among these isolates. Results All isolates displayed multidrug resistance and most of them harbored class Ⅰ integrons. Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed significant difference compared with ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates after PFGE analysis. All 31 ciprofloxacin resistant isolates carried at least three mutations in the QRDR of GyrA and ParC. Three ciprofloxacin resistant isolates had accumulated additional mutation in ParE. Five isolates harboring the OXA-30. Enzyme showed intermediate resistant to eefepime. Conclusions Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhimurium isolates were widely distributed among the outpatients in Wuhan and the resistant isolates accumulated multiple antimicrobial resistant mechanisms and showed unique genetic profiles. The state and local health authority must remain vigilant for the emergence of Salmonella typhimurium resistant to both third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolonos.

Objective To study on chromosome-and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolones-resistant in Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of chicken,swine and people around the farm.Methods Anti-microbial susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion testing and bmth microdilution testing.gyrA,gyrB,parC,pareE,qnr and aac(6')-I b-cr were examined by PCR,and the products were sequenced.Ex-presion of aac(6')-I b-cr by conjunction was tested too.Results The resistance to antimicmbial agents was much higher in strains isolated from chicken than that from swine and human.Among the E coli strains examined by PCR,most resistant strains carried two mutations in gyrA and/or two mutations in parC.In ad-dition,some resistant strains had mutations in parE with MIC of ciprofloxacin>16μg/ml.No(resistance) mutation was found in gyrB.Seven strains(25.O%)and one strain(11.1%)had aac(6)-I b-cr,variant isolated from chicken and swine,respectively.The strains harboring cr variant enzyme reduced the suscepti-bility to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin by N-acetylation of the drugs. Conclusion There is a close relation-ship between high level quinolone resistance and the numbers of amino acid exchange in DNA gyrase and to-poisomeraae IV,and aac(6)-I b-cr may play some role for fluoroquinolone resistance.

Objective To study on plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistant in Escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of chicken and swine from the nine farms around our country.Methods Antimi-crobial susceptibility testing was carried out by broth microdilution testing,gyrA,gyrB,parC,qnr and aac (6')- Ⅰ b-cr were examined by PCR,and the products were sequenced.Conjugation experiment was carried out to proved that the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was transferable.Results In the total 818 animal isolates,qnr and aac genes were detected in 38 (4.6%) and 75 (9.2%) strains.The qnrA,qnrB,and qnrS genes were detected in 1 (0.1%),9 (1.1%) and 28 (3.4%) of the isolates.All isolates were negative for qnrC,qnrD genes.Conclusion There is a close relationship between high level quinolone resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance.The results of the current study highlight food-producing animals as a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and clinically important resistance genes.More attention should be paid to the surveillance of such strains.

Objective To characterize the roles of different quinolone resistance mechanisms in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates,including different topoisomerase point mutations,efflux pumps and outer membrane proteins.Methotis Through homologous gene recombination methods,different quinolone-resistant mechanisms of E. coli mutants were constructed and the susceptibility changes of these mutants to different antimicrobials were measured.Resuits Efflux pumps AcrAB and outer membrane protein TolC played different roles in different E. coli isolates.Compared with other mechanisms,the mutations in topoisomerases played a dominant role in quinolone resistance.Only the mutations jn parC had no effect on quinolone resistance,which further confirmed parC was the secondary target of quinolones in E.coli.Fluoroquinolone susceptible E.coli would automatically become highly resistant to quinolones after acquiring the point mutations in both gyrA(S83L,D87N)and parC(S80I,A108V),but not requiring the over-expres-sion of efflux.Conclusion The mutations in topoisomerases play a dominant role in E.coli quinolone resistance,and the mutations in both gyrA and parC are required.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the migration of fluorescent dye PKH26-labeled BM-MSC in the Alzheimer's model rats.

METHODSNormal human bone marrow extracted for isolation of BM-MSC was cultured in vitro. The 5th passaged BM-MSC was labeled with PKH26, and observed under a fluorescence microscope for PKH26 labeling efficiency, and using flow cytometry BM-MSC surface markers was checked. The PKH26 labeled BM-MSC injected into the tail vein of the normal control group and AD animal model group, 14 days after finding the PKH26-labeled BM-MSC cells in the rat hippocampus using fluorescence microscopy. Using the Morris water maze experiment comparison of AD model and BM-MSC transplantation group of spatial learning and memory ability.

RESULTSTFlow cytometry showed BM-MSC surface markers CD73 and CD105 were positive. In vitro, PKH26-labeled rate of BM-MSC was 100 %. The Morris water maze experiment comparison of BM-MSC transplantation group and AD group of animals, BM-MSC transplantation group at 13, 14 days of spatial learning and memory ability than AD animal group had significantly improved. 14 days after BM-MSCs in rat hippocampus could be found which were PKH26-positive, consistent with DAPI staining. PKH26-positive cells in animal models of AD were significantly more than those in the normal control group.

CONCLUSIONBM-MSC in AD rats not only migrates through the blood-brain barrier, but also mainly survives in the hippocampus of AD rats, and it can improve AD rat model of learning disabilities.

Alzheimer Disease ; pathology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Organic Chemicals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley