Objective To investigate the effect of pantoprazole (proton pump inhibitor, PPI) and gefarnate (gastric mucosa protectant) on the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients undergoing post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) dual anti-platelet therapy.Methods This research included 1263 patients taking enteric aspirin and clopidogrel after PCI.The cases were divided into 4 groups: routine treatment group (n=332), PPI group (n=318), gastric mucosa protectant group (n=299), and PPI+gastric mucosa protectant group (n=314).A follow-up for 6 months was observed including gastrointestinal symptoms, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and adverse reactions.Results There were 52 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding within 6 months, including 21 cases from routine treatment group, 9 from PPI group, 15 from gastric mucosa protectant group, and 7 from PPI+gastric mucosa protectant group.The incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding among the 4 groups within 6 months was statistically different (X2=8.883, P=0.031).The routine treatment group had significant higher rate than the PPI group and the gastric mucosa protectant group (P<0.05), while among other groups there was no significant difference (P>0.05).The upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurred within 3 postoperative months in 34 out of 52 cases (65.4%).There was no statistical significance among the four groups in regard to bleeding occurrence time (X2=4.212,P=0.648).Conclusions Patients undergoing post-PCI dual anti-platelet treatment can reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding by taking pantoprazole or combined with gefarnate.Intervention against upper gastrointestinal bleeding should start on the first day after PCI and last for a minimum of 3-6 months.

BACKGROUND: Spleen is correlated with mitochondrion. The "spleen governs movement and transformation of food and liquids" in traditional Chinese medicine refers to not only the digestion and absorption of food in gastrointestinal tract, but also the process of biological oxidation and energy production of mitochondrion.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of Si-Jun-Zi decoction (SJZD), a typical prescription for invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, on repairing the mitochondrial damage of cells of liver, myocardium, gastric mucosa and skeletal muscle in rats with spleen asthenia.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTINGS: Second Department of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the internal medicine laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the testing center of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June to December in 2004. Forty SD rats were provided by the animal center of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Xiao Cheng-Qi decoction consisted of officinal magnolia bark, immature bitter orange and rhubarb according to the ratio of 3:3:2; SJZD consisted of radix codonopsitis pilosulae, largehead atractylodes rhizome, India bread and liquorice root according to the ratio of 2:2:2:1, and it was provided by the Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and made into 100% decoction.METHODS: After raised for 1 week, the SD rats were divided randomlyinto 4 groups: normal control group, spleen asthenia group, natural convalescence group and SJZD-treated group, and the rats in the latter three groups were made into models of long-term spleen asthenia. Rats in the normal control group were fed with normal chow, intragastric administered with saline (3 mL), once every other day for 34 weeks. Rats in the spleen asthenia group were intragastricly administered with Xiao Cheng-Qi decoction (3 mL) and fed every other day for 34 weeks, the rats in the natural convalescence group were fed with normal chow for 8 weeks after being treated as those in the spleen asthenia group for 26 weeks, and those in the SJZD-treated group were treated as those in the spleen asthenia group for 26 weeks, and then intragastricly administered with SJZD (4 mL, once a day) and fed with normal chow for 8 weeks. At the end of the 34th week,the rats were decapitated under anesthesia, and the skeletal muscle, liver,gastric mucosa and myocardium were taken out rapidly. The protein amounts in mitochondrial suspension were detected with the biuret method,the content of mitochondria in I g tissue was calculated according to the tissue mass, and the mitochondrial ultrastructures were observed under transmission electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The contents and ultrastructures of mitochondria in skeletal muscle, liver, gastric mucosa and myocardium were observed.RESULTS: All the 40 rats were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① At the end of the 34th week, the mitochondrial contents of skeletal muscle, liver, myocardium and gastric mucosa were all significantly lower in the spleen asthenia group than in the normal control group (P＜ 0.01), and markedly higher in the natural convalescence group than in the spleen asthenia group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). The mitochondrial contents of the tissues were the highest in the SJZD-treated group, which were significantly higher than those in the spleen asthenia group and natural convalescence group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), as well as the normal control group (P＜ 0.01). ② Comparison of mitochondrial ultrastructures in skeletal muscle,liver, gastric mucosa and myocardium at the end of the 34th week: In the spleen asthenia group, the mitochondria of myocardial cells were seriously swollen, the compact substance of hepatocellular mitochondria were decreased or disappeared and the crest disrupted; the mitochondria of skeletal muscle were shrunk and decreased, mitochondrial membranes were disorganized and crest disappeared, mitochondrial membranes were disorganized and crest disappeared; For gastric parietal cell of spleen asthenia,the amount of mitochondria reduced, inner structure confused, mitochondrial crestae of gastric chief cell was broken. In the natural convalescence group, the changes of the mitochondrial morphology were slight. The mitochondrial morphology in the SJZD group was close to those in the normal control group.CONCLUSION: SJZD has the effects of increasing the contents of mitochondria in skeletal muscle, liver, myocardium and gastric mucosa and repairing the damaged structure of mitochondria because of spleen asthenia.

Objective To isolate and culture sweat gland epithelial cells in vitro,and to study the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on intracellular flee calcium concentration ([Ca~(2+)]i) of cultured sweat gland epithelial cells.Methods Sweat glands epithelial cells were collected by enzymatic digestion.After ACh was added to the primary and first passage cells,[Ca~(2+)]i was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the Ca~(2+) sensitive dye Fura 3/AM.Results The primary and first passage epithe- lial cells grew well.After ACh was added,opening of the calcium channel and significant [Ca~(2+)]i increase were observed when the primary and first passage cells were incubated with high concentration of calcium (2 mmol/L);no significant [Ca~(2+)]i increase was observed in those cultured without calcium.Conclusion Upon stimulation with ACh,calcium channels of cultured primary and first passage sweat gland epithelial cells would open,influx of extracellular Ca~(2+) occurred,which resulted in an increase of [Ca~(2+)]i.Extracellular bound calcium was therefore converted into intracellular free calcium.

Objective To construct multiple myeloma mucin MUC1-2VNTR gene eukaryotic expressing vector,which provided the basic material for further study of multiple myeloma DNA vaccine.Methods MUC1-2VNTR coding gene as target gene,and a KOZAK sequence was inserted before it.Hind Ⅲ and Xba Ⅰ restriction enzyme site were inserted on both ends.Then the whole sequence was synthesized and cloned into pcDNA3.1/myc-his B vector,and the recombinant vector was identified by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing.Results Synthesized MUC1-2VNTR gene was 140 bp.Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed pcDNA3.1/MUC1-2VNTR/myc-his B including the whole exact translation frame region and MUC1-2VNTR gene.Condnsion The pcDNA3.1/MUC1-2VNTR/myc-his B has been successfully constructed,which provides the basic material for further studies of MUC1 mucin function and multiple myloma DNA vaccine.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Dermatophagoides farinae drops for allergic rhinitis (AR) of different symptom severity. METHOD: This retrospective analysis to receive SLIT treatment of 143 cases of patients with allergic rhinitis, according to the severity of disease symptoms divid- ed into two groups, moderate group (62 patients) and severe group (81 patients). Before SLIT and after SLIT for half year, 1 year and 1. 5-2.0 years, the TNSS, TMS and sign scores of patients with allergic rhinitis were evaluated. RESULT: The TNSS, TMS and sign scores had continuously improved significantly after SLIT for half year, 1 year and 1.5-2.0 years in two groups as compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Before SLIT, TNSS and sign scores of severe group had a significantly higher level than moderate group (Z = 10.40, 2.40, P < 0.05), while TMS of two groups had no significant differences (Z = 0.00, P > 0.05). Half year after SLIT treatment, in two groups for sign scores, there were significant differences (Z = 3.32, P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences for TNSS (Z = 1.58, P > 0.05) and TMS (Z = 0.37, P > 0.05). 1 and 1.5-2.0 years after SLIT, there were no significant differences in two groups for TNSS, TMS and sign scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION SLIT with Dermatophagoides farinae drops for 1.5-2.0 years is effective in the patients with allergic rhinitis of different symptom severity. And equivalent efficacy could be achieved for different symptom severity.
Administration, Sublingual ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; administration & dosage ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

Roles of sympathicus, sensory neuropeptides (SNP), metabolites of cyclooxygenase, metabolites of lipoxygenase, endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF), reactive oxygen (ROS) and potassium channels (PC) in the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and hypoxic cerebral vasodilation (HCVD) were studied in intact rats, rabbits and dogs. Results were as follows: during hypoxia, the excitation of sympathicus results in a constriction of both pulmonary and cerebral vessels; SNP, EDRF and the opening of 4-AP sensitive PC caused the dilation of both of them; metabolites of lipoxygenase mediated HPV and HCVD, whereas metabolites of cyclooxygenase were their modulators; hypoxia induced blockade of the ATP sensitive PC mediated HPV, but had no effect on HCVD; reduction of O_2~+ in the lung might potentiate HPV, but had no effect on HCVD. It is suggested that the alteration of lipoxygenase metabolites, ROS and ATP sensitive PC are factors accounting for the difference in response of pulmonary and cerebral vassels to hypoxia.

The clinical values of acetoacetate ( AcAA ) and β hydroxybutyrate ( βHBA ) determination in classification of type 1 and2 diabetes were explored. 102 normal control subjects,33 cases of type 1 diabetes, and 104cases of type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Serum AcAA, βHBA, fasting plasma glucose ( FPG), C-peptide, and insulin levels were measured. The results showed that serum AcAA, βHBA, total ketone tody (TKB) levels in the diabetic groups were significantly higher than those of the normal group( P＜0. 01 ). AcAA, βHBA, TKB levels in type 1diabetes were higher as compared with those of type 2 diabetes( P＜0.01 ). The AcAA, βHBA, and TKB levels were negatively related with C-peptide and insulin in diabetic patients( P＜0. 01 ). All the type 1 diabetic patient were found to have TKB and lower C-peptide levels. TKB positive and lower C-peptide in type 2 diabetes were found in 47% and 26% respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested that the area under the ROC curve of type 1 and type 2 diabetes was 0.926. The optimal operating point of the total ketone body was 0. 532 mmol/L with higher sensitivity and specificity. Enzymatic determination of acetoacetate and β hydroxybutyrate seems to have important clinical values for classification of type 1 and 2 diabetes.

· AIM: To investigate the effect of β1-integrin overexpression on the apoptosis of rabbit corneal epithelial cells and the related mechanism. · METHODS: The plasmid expressing β1-integrin-GFP fusion protein was constructed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and this plasmid (β1 group) or the empty vector (mock group) was transfected into rabbit corneal epithelial cells, respectively. The expression of β1-integrin-GFP fusion gene was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The adhesion of transfected cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was determined by adhesion assay. The apoptosis of rabbit corneal epithelial cells was assayed by Hoechst 33342 staining and DNA ladder. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was examined by Western blot. · RESULTS: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells overexpressing β1 -integrin-GFP fusion gene were successfully established. Compared with mock group, β1-integrin transfection significantly promoted the adhesive of rabbit corneal epithelial cells to ECM proteins such as laminin, fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅳ. Β1-integrin overexpression inhibited apoptosis and induced MAP kinase phosphorylation in rabbit corneal epithelial cells (P<0.05).· CONCLUSION: These data suggest that overexpression of β1-integrin confers resistance to apoptosis in rabbit corneal epithelial cells, and MAP kinase pathway may play an important role in this process.

Objective Analyse the change of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal and radial strain in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and discuss the relationship between the 2D strain parameter and the filling and ejection of LV. Methods Thirty healthy controls and 45 patients with AR (24 patients with moderate AR and 21 with severe AR) were enrolled in this study, LV systolic global peak radial strain(GRS), systolic global peak longitudinal strain(GLS) and systolic peak longitudinal strain(S), systolic peak longitudinal strain rate(SRs), early diastolic peak longitudinal strain rate(SRe) of every segment were measured or calculated using 2D-STE, early and late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E, A) were recorded by pulsed Doppler echocardiography and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Ea) were assessed by tissue Doppler imaging,the E/A and E/Ea ratio were calculated. Discuss the relationship of GLS and LV ejection fraction (LVEF), GLS and E/Ea using the Pearson correlation analysis. Results The GLS were (-20.09±1.47)%, (-18.68±1.52)%, (-12.56±3.25)%and the GRS were (46.71±7.65)%, (43.01±5.95)%, (28.52±6.13)% in control group, patients with moderate and severe AR (MAR group and SAR group) respectively. There were significant differences among the groups (F =82.08,47.69, both P < 0.01) as following:SAR group with control group and MAR group [ q=17.56,13.60 (GLS), q=13.44, 10.20 (GRS), all P<0.01),MAR group and control group [ q=3.42 (GLS), P<0.01]. The SRs of the apical segment were (-1.24±0.22)s-1, (-1.19±0.25)s-1, (-1.04±0.28)s-1 in control group,MAR group and SAR group respectively. There were significant differences among the groups (F=4.47, P < 0.05) as following:SAR group with control group and MAR group ( q=4.02,3.28, both P<0.01). The S, SRe of apical segment and the S,SRs,SRe of basal and midventricular in MAR group were all lower than the control group ( q=4.42, 5.01, 3.48, 3.24, 4.78, 4.12, 3.61, 6.72, all P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed the GLS had a relationship with LVEF and E/Ea ( r=-0.73, 0.64, both P<0.01). Conclusion The reduced longitudinal strain and strain rate could detect LV dysfunction in patients with AR in early stage and the GLS had the ability to reflect the diastolic filling and systolic ejecting of the LV.

In temporomandibular disorders (TMD), pain takes place when neuropeptides stimulate synovial tissue to produce several cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which activate neurons and glia of synovial membrane at the bilaminar regions of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It has been reported that, after neurogenic differentiation, the synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs), deriving from TMJ, possess the same cytological features as the neuronal cells. This study examined the ability of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to stimulate SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs secreting inflammatory cytokines during TMD, evaluated the mutual effects of inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides and tested the analgesic effect of hyaluronic acid (HA). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs in the presence of neuropeptides were measured by ELISA. SP and CGRP produced by SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of SP and CGRP was significantly enhanced in the neurogenic SMSCs in response to IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the effect was remarkably inhibited by HA. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in return, could be enhanced in the neurogenic SMSCs upon stimulation by SP and CGRP. Neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokines might work mutually on the TMD pain. The HA-mediated analgesic effect may be implicated in the inhibition of SP and CGRP expression in neurogenic SMSCs.