The fermentation conditions of lipase production by Geotrichum candidum Y162 were optimized. Initially, the most suitable carbon olive oil, nitrogen source soybean flour and NH4Cl, salt BaCl2 and MgCl2 were selected according to single factorial experiments respectively. Based on the result, screening methodology Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of twelve factors related to lipase production and three statistically significant factors olive oil, BaCl2 and NH4Cl were selected. The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of lipase production subsequently. Then, the optimal combined concentration for maximum enzyme activity were further optimized by response surface methodology and determined as follows: olive oil 2.35%, BaCl2 0.36%,and NH4Cl 4.69%.The optimization of culture conditions of G.candidum Y162 led to a 2.25-fold increase in lipase production relative to initial result 14.16 U/ml, which indicate that single factor in combination with response surface methodology is an effective method for optimization of lipase production conditions by G.candidum Y162.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

Objective To assess the accuracy of neuronavigation of 3D DSA and to evaluate the feasibility of 3D DSA neuronavigational neurosurgery through the coregistration of 3D DSA and MRI(A). Methods A Peg-Board Phantom was used in our study.The phantom consisted of 32 rods which were used for target localization;the height and the location of the rods were in normal distribution.For 3D DSA (Infinix NS/VC,Toshiba),the raw data was reconstructed to 3D images on the DSA workstation,and transferred to a online PC workstation where it was converted to standard 2D DICOM image data using WFU DICOM_Toolkit software.For MRI(A),the phantom was scanned with FSPGR sequence on the MRI scanner(GE SigMa VH/i 3.0 T),and the DICOM images were also transferred to the online PC workstation.Using the software 3D Slicer registration was performed on the PC workstation by using the location and shape of the rods in the phantom.The localization error of the rods was measured in image space as the Euclidean distance between targets defined in image space and those detected in the physical space. Paired t test was used to evaluate the difference between the accuracy of neuronaviagtion of 3D DSA and that of MRI(A).Results Through the coregistration of the rods in the phantom from different modality,all the images were better coregistrated.The mean localization error was(0.38?0.24)mm(3D DSA)and (0.31?0.12)mm[MRI(A)].There was no significant statistical difference between the accuracy of neuronavigation of 3D DSA and MRI(A)(t=-0.601,P=0.55).Conclusion 3D DSA images can be used in the neuronavigation system through the coregistration of 3D DSA and MRI(A).

Objective CT angiography (CTA) of the portal vein system by 16 detector spiral CT was performed to determine etiopathogenisis, collateral and gastro-renal shunt in the patients with portal hypertension. MethodsThirty-two patients suspected of portal hypertension were examined and reconstructed by arterial-venous double-phase scan. Results Twenty-seven patients with portal hypertension were revealed by CT scan and reconstruction, with spleen vein thrombosis in 4 cases, congenital cavernous transformation of portal vein in 3 cases, gastro-renal shunt in 9 cases, and simply liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in 11 cases. Conclusion Portal CTA is a significantly important and useful examination method for portal hypertension patients, it could help to determine not only the range, degree and variation of esophageal and gastric varices, but also the etiopathogenisis of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanical characteristics of new anatomic plate of distal tibia from view of biomechanics.

METHODSTwelve fresh adult moist ankle specimens were randomly divided into four block groups (every group had 3 specimens), 3 tibial specimens as a normal control (normal group N), 9 specimens were resulted in unstable distal tibial Pilon fracture. Using steel plate fixation with a new anatomic distal tibial plate (group A), reconstruction plate (group B), clover plate (group C). Group B and group C as control group to test the remote axial compressive strength, remote axial stiffness, reversing biomechanical properties, contacted characteristics of the tibial astragaloid articular surface.

RESULTSThe remote axial compressive strength, remote axial stiffness, reversing biomechanical properties, contacted characteristics of tibial astragaloid articular surface the in distal tibial Pilon fracture instability of group A were near normal group N (P>0.05). Group A was best than group B and C (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe new anatomic plate of distal tibia was relatively strong, which can reach effective and stable fixation for unstable distal tibial Pilon fracture.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Tibia ; chemistry ; injuries ; surgery ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intervention and mechanism of ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin on oxidative stress, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in rabbits with acute lung injury (ALI).

METHODSTwenty-four healthy Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: (1) Normal saline control group (NC), (2) Oleic acid injury group (OA), (3) Ambroxol + low-dose heparin therapy group (AH). After the success of ALI model, AH group was injected ambroxol + low-dose heparin, while the NC group and OA group were injected the same dose of normal saline by the same method. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) at different time points were determined. The pathological manifestation of both side lungs was observed at the end of expeiment. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue homogenate were tested. The apoptosis index was detected. The lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio was calculated. The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed by light microscopy, and the ultrastructural changes of lung tissue were observed by electron microscopy.

RESULTS(1) The instructive injury induced by ALI observed under electron microscope and light microscope and W/D was decreased significantly in AH group. (2) PaO2 was improved significantly in AH group, compared with that in OA group (P < 0.01). (3) The activity of GSH-Px and SOD in AH group increased significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) but the activity of XO and the content of MDA decreased significantly (P < 0.01), compared with those in OA group. (4) Except the content of IL-1beta in serum before treatment, the content of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in serum, BALF, lung tissue homogenate of OA group increased significantly (P < 0.01), and those were obviously improved in AH group. (5) Apoptosis index (AI) in AH group decreased significantly (P < 0.01) compared with that in OA group.

CONCLUSIONIn ALI induced by OA, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha increases significantly and involved in the occurrence and development of ALI. Ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin can reduce lung cells oxidative stress to inhibit the release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, which play a role in the treatment of ALI.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Ambroxol ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Heparin ; administration & dosage ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Male ; Oleic Acids ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rabbits ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Small ubiquitin-like modifier protein (SUMO) modification is a highly dynamic process, catalyzed by SUMO-specific activating (E1), conjugating (E2) and ligating (E3) enzymes, and reversed by a family of SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). There are six members of the human SENP family, and each SENP has different cellular locations and substrate specificities. However, the precise roles of SENPs in cellular processes have not been elucidated to date. This brief review will focus on recent advances pertaining to the identified targets of SENP1 and its potential role in prostate cancer.
Cysteine Endopeptidases ; Endopeptidases ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; physiology ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Receptors, Androgen ; physiology ; SUMO-1 Protein ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Splints

OBJECTIVETo study the pathogen of opium poppy downy mildew and its biological characteristic for further research on the disease.

METHODDevelopment of the disease was observed systematically in the field. Germination rate of sporangium in different temperature, pH and nutrition was examined with suspending-drop method. Slide-germination method was used to observe its germination in different humidity maintained by different concentration of H2SO4.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe disease manifests itself in two forms: severely infected plants (systematic infection) and leaf spots (nonsystematic infection). Sporangia of the pathogen are oval or globular, thin walled, smooth, hyaline, with 7.74-16.34 microns diameter in base 1 and 8.34-15.05 microns in base 2.0 ospores are light yellow with 33.87-70.54 microns x 19.34-62.64 microns in base 1 and 36.85-49.68 microns x 42.08-55.76 microns in base 2. Conidiophores are stout, erect, whose branching times and length are different between those in base 1 and those in base 2. Sporangia sprot directly in two hours. Film of water is necessary for sporangium to sprot. The optimum temperature range of sporangium sprot is 12-21 degrees C, the best being 16 degrees C, the pH range is 4.53-9.18 the best optimum at pH 7.38, and the extract of leaf of 1:5 is good for its germination.

Humidity ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oomycetes ; growth & development ; ultrastructure ; Papaver ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Spores, Fungal ; growth & development ; ultrastructure ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo screen effectual fungicides for field control because of the seriousness of opium poppy mildew and importance of chemical control on plant diseases.

METHODSeven fungicides were screened in Lab experiment and field test during 1996-1997.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONAll of them and their different dosages were effective to control conidia of Peronospora arborescens. Among them, 72.2% propamocarb of 1203 and 902.5 ppm were the most effective both in Lab experiment and field test with efficacy 79.91% and 79.33% respectively in field test, and the efficacy of other fungicides was over 50%. Seven fungicides tested can be used to control nonsystematic symptom of opium poppy mildew.

Carbamates ; pharmacology ; Fungicides, Industrial ; pharmacology ; Oomycetes ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Papaver ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology