Growth patterns of trichome and contaminative bacteria in Spirulina sp. liquid culture were observed, and it was found that the number of neutral and alkalophilic bacteria was always 105～106 times of that of Spirulina sp. trichome. It would be very difficult to get real pure Spirulina sp. strain by classical methods of dilution plate, capillary and single trichome selecting methods. A great deal of contaminative bacteria was washed out by two pretreatment processes. Low speed centrifugation was designed to wash the strains which usually deposit at bottom, and filtration method was designed to treat the strains usually floating at surface. Sandwich plate and dilution plate were designed for the purification of the mobile strains and non-mobile strains, respectively. A lot of strains were purified by the above processes and pure single trichome formed pure colonies on plates.

Objective To investigate the recognition status and attitudes of general practice medical professional for rural-oriented clinical medical (general practice direction) students, and provide effective basis for teaching reform. Methods Using cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 305 rural-oriented medical students in Hubei Medical University who belonged to four different grades. The questionnaire effective recovery was 98.07%, SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze data, pro-portion (%) were used for statistical descriptive, chi-square test and nonparametric test were used for statis-tical inference. Results 16% (49) students believed that it was not necessary for local medical colleges and universities to set up general practice professional, The rates of students who understood this professional training objectives, employment channel, the future work and professional developments were 82.3% (251 students ), 64.5% (197 students ), 69.2% (211 students) and 66.9% (204 students ), respectively. 27.5%(84) of the students still didn't understand this professional curriculum, and lower cognitive learning public health curriculum. Only 31.1%(105) of students were satisfied with the current general medicine education.52.5% (160) students thought that the professional curriculum system had problems, mainly for the course content overlap and course setting time being not reasonable. Different grades of students had different de-gree of satisfaction in the professional knowledge, the general practice of professional learning attitude, teaching arrangement . Conclusion We should strengthen rural-oriented medical students' ! professional education thought and their cognition of general medicine as soon as possible and integrate and optimize the curriculum system, adjust the teaching content and set up reasonable curriculum opening time.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate pathomorphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the bone marrow involvement of lymphoma and its significance in the diagnosis and subtype of lymphoma with bone marrow involvement.

METHODSOne hundred and eighty eight formalin fixed and paraffin embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens were studied. Immunohistochemical staining was performed.

RESULTS(1) Five patterns of bone marrow involvement of lymphoma were found, including diffuse (44.9%), focal (29.3%), interstitial (11.6%) and nodular (6.1%). (2) There were many subtypes of lymphoma in these cases, the most common type was lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (21.7%). (3) The lymphomas in bone marrow biopsy had their own special characteristics of morphology and immunophenotype as did in extra-medullar lymphomas. (4) Fibrosis (75.8%) and hematopoietic tissue hypoplasia (71.1%) were found in most cases and necrosis in a few cases.

CONCLUSIONSMost cases of bone marrow involvement of lymphoma could be diagnosed and classified by combination of histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Diagnosis of some cases could be made only after the review of pathological changes of lymph node. A few cases were difficult to classify their subtypes of lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

OBJECTIVETo trace magnetically labeled MSCs transplanted into the rat livers by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSFeridex and DAPI labeled rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were injected via portal veins into carbon tetrachloride treated rats. MRI was performed with a clinical 1.5 T MRI machine immediately before the MSCs injection and at h 1, d 3, d 7, and d 14 after the injection, and then the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured. MRI findings were compared with the liver histopathologies after the slides were stained with fluorescence dye and Prussian blue.

RESULTSThe SNR for liver was 1.10+/-0.26 at hour 1, 8.18+/-1.55 at day 3, 11.08+/-1.30 at day 7, and 14.15+/-1.02 at day 14 respectively. Within 7 days after the MSCs transplantation, the SNRs of the livers were significantly lower than those before the transplantation (P less than 0.05). Histologically, the blue fluorescent particles under the fluorescence microscopy matched in distribution with the iron particles on the Prussian blue stained slides.

CONCLUSIONThe magnetically labeled MSCs transplanted into livers give rise to an obvious signal decrease, and can be tracked with a 1.5 T clinical MRI machine for up to 7 days after MSCs transplantation.

Animals ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Liver ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Radioactive Tracers ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Haizao Yuhu decoction (HYD) is a formula that has been used for approximately 500 years and famous for its efficiency in treating thyroid-related diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). HYD was first presented by Chen Shi-gong in a famous surgical monograph named Waike Zhengzong during the Ming Dynasty. We conducted the research to investigate the possible pharmacokinetic profile of different prescriptions of HYD in rats, in order to reveal the interactions of Haizao and Gancao drug pair with other herbs in HYD. Liquiritin, naringin, besperidin, peimine, peiminine liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid, hergapten, nobiletin, osthole, glycyrrhetinic acid in blood samples were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The result revealed tbat Haizao could enhance the peak concentration of glycyrrhizic acid. The other herbs in HYD may promote'the absorption of flavonoids in Gancao in normal rats, but inhibit the absorption of saponins and accelerate their metabolism. Gancao and Haizao drug pair could enhance the bioavailability of hesperidin, peimine, bergapten, nobiletin and osthole and prolong the elimination of peimine and naringin.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The aim of this study was to observe the inhibitory effect of daunorubicin on KG1a cells and the expression of Eps8 which is a novel tumor-associated antigen with its full name epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8), and to explore the effect of daunorubicin on Eps8 expression in KG1a cells at mRNA and protein levels. The KG1a cells were treated with different concentration of daunorubicin for 24, 48, 72 h, then trypan blue staining was used to detect the inhibitory rate of KGla cells, RQ-PCR and Western blot were used to detect Eps8 mRNA and Eps8 protein expression. The results showed that daunorubicin inhibited the proliferation of KG1a cells in a dose and time dependent manner (r = 0.983, P < 0.01). Daunorubicin could reduce the mRNA and protein levels of Eps8 expression in dose and time dependent manners in KG1a cells (r = 0.979, P < 0.05). It is concluded that with the increasing of concentration and time of daunorubicin acting on KG1a cells, the cell proliferative inhibitory effect increased and the expression of Eps8 decreased, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of daunorubicin on KG1a cell proliferation is realized through downregulation of Eps8 expression.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Daunorubicin ; pharmacology ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between carboxypeptidase-H antibody (CPH-Ab) and islet beta cell function in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and to further confirm the diagnostic value of CPH-Ab for LADA. METHODS: Five hundred and forty-five patients who were initially diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were tested with CPH-Ab and GAD-Ab by radioligand assay (RLA). T2DM patients, according to CPH-Ab and GAD-Ab status, were divided into CPH-Ab(+) group, GAD-Ab(+) group, and Ab(-) group to compare their islet beta cell function [represented by fasting C-peptide (FCP) and 2h postprandial C-peptide (2hCP)]. The relation between CPH-Ab and islet beta cell function in LADA was analyzed. RESULTS: The fasting C-peptide level in CPH-Ab(+) patients was between that of GAD-Ab(+) patients and that of Ab(-) patients (P<0.05), and the difference was still significant when the 3 groups were stratified with duration of disease (All P<0.05), but not with body mess index (all P>0.05). Corrected by concomitant variables including age, age at onset, duration of disease, and sex, the differences among the 3 groups were statistically significant (both P<0.001). Among the 3 groups FCP was lower than Ab(-) group in CPH-Ab(+) (P<0.05) and both FCP and PCP were lower than Ab(-) group in GAD-Ab(+) group (P<0.05 and P<0.01). The proportions of patients with insulin deficiency in CPH-Ab(+), GAD-Ab(+), and Ab(-) group were 27.6% (8/29), 48.1% (8/52) and 13.5% (54/400), respectively, which were significantly different among the 3 groups (P<0.001). GAD-Ab, BMI, and fasting blood glucose had effects on FCP and PCP in T2DM patients (All P<0.05), while CPH-Ab did not enter the equation in multivariable stepwise regressive analysis (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The effect of CPH-Ab is less marked than that of GAD-Ab on islet beta-cell function in LADA patients. The value of CPH-Ab for the failure of islet beta-cell function in LADA should be determined prospectively.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Carboxypeptidase H ; immunology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; blood ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of PPAR-γ agonist Pioglitazone (PGZ) on the proliferation of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells.Methods:In December 2019, MM cell lines MSTO-211H and NCI-H2452 were incubated with different final concentrations of PGZ (0, 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μmol/L) for different periods of time (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) , and then the cell proliferation level was detected by CCK8 assay. After given various final concentration of PGZ (0, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200 μmol/L) the for 72 hours, the changes of number and morphology of MM cells were observed under an inverted microscope. The expressions of PPAR-γ and HMGB1 mRNA were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after treatment of MM cells with PGZ of 0, 10, 50, 100 μmol/L for 72 h. The MM cells were treated with PGZ at concentration of 0, 100 μmol/L for 72 h, and the protein expressions of HMGB1 were examined using Western blotting and immunofluorescence; the protein expressions of Ki67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results:The cell viability rate of MM cells was decreased after treated with PGZ ( P<0.05) . Cell number in PGZ-treated group was significantly less than that in control group and morphology changes were observed under light microscope. QRT-PCR results revealed significantly increased PPAR-γ mRNA expression in the PGZ-treated group compared to the control group ( P<0.05) . There was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression level of HMGB1 in the PGZ-treated group (100 μmol/L) as compared to the control group in MSTO-211H ( P<0.05) ; however, the expression level of HMGB1 in NCI-H2452 was an increase or no significant differences ( P>0.05) . Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that the protein expression of HMGB1 was reduced in the PGZ-treated group compared with the control group in MSTO-211H ( P<0.05) , but the protein expression of that in NCI-H2452 was no significant differences ( P>0.05) . Immunohistochemistry results showed increased expression of proliferation marker Ki-67. Conclusion:Pioglitazone suppresses the proliferation of MM cells through inhibition of HMGB1 by the activation of PPAR-γ.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of PPAR-γ agonist Pioglitazone (PGZ) on the proliferation of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells.Methods:In December 2019, MM cell lines MSTO-211H and NCI-H2452 were incubated with different final concentrations of PGZ (0, 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μmol/L) for different periods of time (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) , and then the cell proliferation level was detected by CCK8 assay. After given various final concentration of PGZ (0, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200 μmol/L) the for 72 hours, the changes of number and morphology of MM cells were observed under an inverted microscope. The expressions of PPAR-γ and HMGB1 mRNA were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after treatment of MM cells with PGZ of 0, 10, 50, 100 μmol/L for 72 h. The MM cells were treated with PGZ at concentration of 0, 100 μmol/L for 72 h, and the protein expressions of HMGB1 were examined using Western blotting and immunofluorescence; the protein expressions of Ki67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results:The cell viability rate of MM cells was decreased after treated with PGZ ( P<0.05) . Cell number in PGZ-treated group was significantly less than that in control group and morphology changes were observed under light microscope. QRT-PCR results revealed significantly increased PPAR-γ mRNA expression in the PGZ-treated group compared to the control group ( P<0.05) . There was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression level of HMGB1 in the PGZ-treated group (100 μmol/L) as compared to the control group in MSTO-211H ( P<0.05) ; however, the expression level of HMGB1 in NCI-H2452 was an increase or no significant differences ( P>0.05) . Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that the protein expression of HMGB1 was reduced in the PGZ-treated group compared with the control group in MSTO-211H ( P<0.05) , but the protein expression of that in NCI-H2452 was no significant differences ( P>0.05) . Immunohistochemistry results showed increased expression of proliferation marker Ki-67. Conclusion:Pioglitazone suppresses the proliferation of MM cells through inhibition of HMGB1 by the activation of PPAR-γ.

BACKGROUNDAcute subdural haematoma (ASDH) is a common traumatic brain injury with a relatively high mortality rate. However, few studies have examined the factors predicting the outcome of isolated traumatic ASDH. This clinical study examined the hospital mortality and analyzed the risk factors for mortality in patients treated surgically for isolated traumatic ASDH.

METHODSWe collected 308 consecutive patients who underwent neurosurgery for isolated traumatic ASDH between January 1999 and December 2007 and used multivariate Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the influence of 11 clinical variables on hospital mortality.

RESULTSThe overall hospital mortality was 21.75% (67/308). Age (OR = 1.807), preoperative Glasgow Coma Score (OR = 0.316), brain herniation (OR = 2.181) and the time from trauma to decompression (OR = 1.815) were independent predictors of death, while no independent association was observed between hospital mortality and haematoma volume, midline shift, acute brain swelling or brain herniation duration, although these variables were correlated with hospital mortality in univariate analyses.

CONCLUSIONSThis study identified the risk factors for hospital mortality in patients who underwent surgical treatment for isolated traumatic ASDH. An increased risk of death occurs in patients who are over 50 years of age and have lower preoperative Glasgow Coma Scores, the presence of brain herniation and a long interval between trauma and decompression. The findings should help clinicians determine management criteria and improve survival.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Trauma Severity Indices ; Treatment Outcome