BACKGROUND: Skin defect is commonly repaired by autologous skin graft, but in which, it is required healthy skin provider and it probably results in scarring deformity to various extents. The successful construction and clinical application of tissue-engineered skin (TE skin) mark the major breakthrough in treatment of skin defect.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between operation method and healing rate, through repair of skin defect with TE skin, to provide experimental evidence on clinical application of TE skin.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation was designed.SETTING: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Teaching-Research Room of Histology and Pathology and Experimental Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLAMATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Experimental Center of Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, in which 6 healthy York pigs were employed, of clean grade,aged varied from 2.5 to 3 months. 3 groups were randomized, named TE whole-layer group, TE dermal and auto-epidermal group and auto-graft group, 2 pigs in each group. 8 wounds were prepared in each pig, round in shape and 50 mm in diameter, 16 wounds in each group, totally 48wounds.METHODS: ①Preparation of TE whole layer and TE true skin. ② In TE whole-layer group: The whole layer of skin was cut off from fat layeralong the drawn line. When bleeding stopped thoroughly and the wound was covered with wet physiological saline gauze, TE whole-layer skin was collected and windowing was done on the skin for drainage. Physiological saline was used to rinsed away the culture solution on the surface of TE skin, and then, the cuticular layer was upward-covered the wound, avoiding gas vacuole between cuticular layer and wound. Single-layer oleic gauze, physiological saline gauze, aseptic dry gauze and elastic sponge cushion were covered successively, about 3-5 mm in thickness each layer. After routine dressing, elastic bandage was wrapped with compression terminally. ③ TE dermal and auto-epidermal group: The whole- layer skin was cut off with same method. Thin split-thickness skin (TIS) 0.1-0.2 mm was collected with drum dermanuring machine and soaked in physiological saline. The same method was used to collect the managed TE true skin and cover it on the wound, covering immediately on autoTTS. The rest management was same as TE whole-layer group. ④ Autograft group: The whole-layer skin was cut off and the fat tissue was removed, afterwards, it was re-grafted on the auto-wound, covered with various layers of dressing and bandaged with compression. ⑤ The survival case was determined if it was discovered no infection, necrosis and scaling of grafted skin, less than 3 mm in diameter when the wound was opened for changing fresh dressing each time, otherwise, the failed case was recorded. The survival rate in each group was analyzed statistically in 4 weeks after operation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival situation of grafted skin in 4weeks after operation in each group.RESULTS: In 4 weeks after operation, the survival rate of grafted skin was 75% in TE whole-layer group was 87% in TE dermal and auto-epidermal group and was 94% in auto-graft group. The results were similar basically in comparison among 3 groups (x2=-2.34, P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The effect of TE skin graft on repair of skin defect is near to that of auto-epidermal graft, testifying that the repair of skin defect with TE skin is feasible.

Objective: To study the diagnosis， treatm ent and outcome of infants in patients with hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Methods: The levels of T3，T4，TSH，FT3，FT4 in 40 cases of hyperthyroid gravida and control group were measured before delivery, the r oute of delivery and the outcome of infants were studied, and the neonatal thyroid f unctions were evaluated by the levels of T3，T4，TSH in cord serum samples . Results: The levels of T3，T4，FT3，FT4 in non-treatm ent group were higher than that of treatment group and control(P<0.01); an i ncreased rate of forceps and cesarean in hyperthyroid gravida was seen compared with that in control group, about 90%(36/40); the body weights of infants in no n-treatment group were lower than that in treatment and control group. There wa s a case of neonatal hyperthyroidism in non-treatment group. Conclusion : Hyperthyroidism should be diagnosed and treated earlier and there is little side effects on the outcome of infants.

Objective To explore the relationship between folic acid levels of cord blood and birth weight, hyaline membrane disease in newborns. Methods Eighty-seven newborns were divided into premature infant group(42 cases) and term infant group(45 cases),intrauterine growth retardation group( 28cases) and control group (59 cases), hyaline membrane disease of premature infant group ( 13 cases) and premature infant control group(15 cases) according to the gestational age, birth weight, clinical manifestation and chest X-ray, respectively. Folic acid levels of cord blood were measured. Results The folic acid level of cord blood in premature infant group was lower than that in term infant group [(10.87 ±4.31) nmol/L vs.( 13.56 ± 5.07) nmol/L,P ＜0.05 ]. The folic acid level of cord blood in intrauterine growth retardation group was lower than that in control group [(11.01±4.29)nmol/L vs.( 14.87 ± 5.14)nmol/L,P＜0.05]. The folic acid level of cord blood in hyaline membrane disease of premature infant group was lower than that in premature infant control group [(9.15 ±4.02) nmol/L vs.(12.91±4.51) nmol/L,P＜0.05]. The positively correlation was found between the folic acid level of cord blood and birth weight in newborns (r =0.1825).Conclusion The folic acid level of cord blood is correlated with the occurrence of premature infants,intrauterine growth retardation and hyaline membrane disease in newborns.

To study the clinical skills training methods and formulate a training objective for pediatric long-year-program students, to let the students, through three years of training program, reach the clinical ability as a chief resident, with better laboratory research skills, teaching awareness and responsibility, and also with good comprehensive quality and excellent English, and finally become clinical talents with great potential and innovation, this report summarized our study results of training two terms of long-year-program pediatric graduates, who fully meeted the training objectives in the department's practice.

This study aimed to construct the dual expression vectors of wide type or N187D mutant P2X7 receptor and intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1) linked by 2A peptide to coexpress them in leukemia cells so as to lay a foundation for further investigating the role of P2X7 in development of leukemia. Overlap PCR was used to construct the dual expression vectors encoding wide type or N187D mutant type P2X7 receptor and ICN1 linked by the self-cleaving 2A sequence. The results showed that stable expressing cell lines were obtained by retroviral infection followed by cell sorting after DNA sequence analysis. RT-PCR, Western blot, intracellular free calcium concentration analysis were used to verify the functionally successful construction of K562 cell line expressing P2X7 receptor alone or with ICN1. DNA sequence analysis revealed that all construction were right. The infection efficiency of packaged constructed virus ranged from 40% to 70% for K562 cells. Stable infected cell line was obtained by cell sorting. RT-PCR analysis revealed that P2X7 receptor and/or ICN1 could be detected at high level in their stable infected cell lines, respectively. Western blot analysis also showed that P2X7 receptor was highly expressed in cell line infected by virus with P2X7 receptor. Sustained increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) could be observed in K562 cells overexpressing either type of P2X7 receptor upon stimulation with BzATP. It is concluded that the wide type or N187D mutant P2X7 receptor and ICN1 are simultaneously and functionally over-express in leukemia cells, which lay a foundation for further studying the role of P2X7 receptor in the development of leukemia.
Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptor, Notch1 ; genetics ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; genetics ; Retroviridae ; genetics

To establish the water dynamics model for drying process of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, the Weibull distribution model was applied to study the moisture ratio variation curves, and compared the drying rate and drying activation energy with the drying methods of temperature controllable air drying, infrared drying under different temperatures (50, 60, 70 degrees C). The Weibull distribution model could well describe the drying curves, for the moisture ratio vs. drying time profiled of the model showed high correlation (R2 = 0. 994-0. 999). The result proved that the drying process of Angelicae Sinensis Radix belonged to falling-rate drying period. For the drying process, the scale parameter (a) was related to the drying temperature, and decreased as the temperature increases. The shape parameter (β) for the same drying method, drying temperature had little impact on the shape parameter. The moisture diffusion coefficient increase along with temperature increasing from 0.425 x 10(-9) m2 x s(-1) to 2.260 x 10(-9) m2 x s(-1). The activation energy for moisture diffusion was 68.82, 29.60 kJ x mol(-1) by temperature controllable air drying and infrared drying, respectively. Therefore, the Weibull distribution model can be used to predict the moisture removal of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in the drying process, which is great significance for the drying process of prediction, control and process optimization. The results provide the technical basis for the use of modern drying technology for industrial drying of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Desiccation ; methods ; Models, Theoretical ; Water

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Zuogui pills from the Kidney-tonifying and Nourishing Yin formula, in combination with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix, affected the ovarian local oxidative stress response in decreasing ovarian reserve (DOR) mice. All animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the guidelines and standards established by Jinan University's Experimental Animal Management Committee. Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated DOR mice were given Zuogui pills, cetrorelix, or a combination of the two drugs intragastrically. After treatment, there were changes in the estrous cycle, serum sex hormone levels, oxidative stress-related indexes, growth biochemical factor levels, and SIRT1/P53/P21 expression. In comparison to the model group, the Zuogui pills and the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group had significantly prolonged estrous periods and shortened interestrous periods, and the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group had a significantly shortened cycle length. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased and estradiol (E₂) increased in all treatment groups compared to the model group, oxidative stress indexes nitric oxide synthase (NOS), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased, growth biochemical factors brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) concentrations increased significantly, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) showed no significant change. SIRT1/P53/P21 immunohistochemical results revealed that, when compared to the model group, the expression of SIRT1 increased while the expression of P53 and P21 proteins decreased in all treatment groups, with the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group having the largest decrease, with significant differences in all indicators. We conclude that cetrorelix combined with Zuogui pills for kidney nourishing and Yin recipe improved the oxidative stress response in the follicle by regulating the SIRT1/P53/P21 pathway, reducing peroxide product production, protecting ovarian function, and regulating ovarian hormone secretion, and its efficacy is superior to that of cetrorelix or Zuogui pills alone.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between parental exposure to chemicals and the risk of childhood acute leukemia.

METHODSAn exploratory case-control study was conducted among 201 new cases of childhood acute leukemia under 15 years old who went to 3 children's hospitals in Shanghai, China from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010, as well as 201 sex- and age-matched children (as controls) who went to the child health care clinic or department of orthopedics in the above hospitals. A survey was performed by face-to-face interviews with children's mothers.

RESULTSThe risk factors for childhood acute leukemia might include maternal exposure to total chemicals (diesel oil, gasoline, paints, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers) from 3 months before pregnancy to the end of pregnancy (OR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.1 ∼ 7.8), paternal exposure to insecticides (OR = 10.1, 95%CI = 1.2 ∼ 82.9) and chemical fertilizers (OR = 9.5, 95%CI = 1.1 ∼ 79.6) within 3 months before pregnancy, maternal working experiences in agriculture and forestry before pregnancy (OR = 8.4, 95%CI = 1.4 ∼ 50.2) and in spinning, leather processing, decoration, and vehicle repair before pregnancy (OR = 3.0, 95%CI = 1.2 ∼ 7.9) and during pregnancy (OR = 3.2, 95%CI = 1.1 ∼ 9.6), and paternal working experiences in agriculture and forestry (OR = 9.6, 95%CI = 2.1-44.8) and in spinning, leather processing, decoration, and vehicle repair (OR = 2.3, 95%CI = 1.1-5.0).

CONCLUSIONParental exposure to chemicals may increase the risk of childhood acute leukemia in their offspring.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; etiology ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Paternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) at the three groups of Stomach- Meridian acupoints in treating chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) and its effect on serum gastrin level and electrogastrogram, for providing clinical evidence for the experimental result of the three groups of Stomach-Meridian acupoints.Method Sixty-six CSG patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group by using stratified random method, 33 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by EA at the three groups of Stomach-Meridian acupoints, while the control group was intervened by EA with ordinary acupoints selection. The intervention was given once a day, successive 6 sessions as a treatment course, for 4 courses in total. The CSG symptoms and syndrome score, serum gastrin content, average amplitude of electrogastrogram, mean waveform frequency, and the percentage of gastric dysrhythmias were observed before and after the intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The total effective rate was 90.9％ in the treatment group, versus 87.9％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The total scores dropped significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in comparing the total score between the two groups after the treatment (P>0.05). The serum gastrin contents declined significantly in both groups after the intervention (P<0.05), and there was no significant between-group difference in comparing the serum gastrin content after the treatment (P>0.05); the average amplitude and mean waveform frequency of preprandial and postprandial electrogastrogram increased significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and the percentage of gastric dysrhythmias dropped significantly (P<0.05); after the treatment, there were no significant between-group differences in comparing the average amplitude, mean waveform frequency and the percentage of gastric dysrhy- thmias of preprandial and postprandial electrogastrogram (P>0.05).Conclusion EA at the three groups of Stomach- Meridian acupoints can effectively improve the symptoms, down-regulate serum gastrin, help gastric motility, and restore gastric rhythm of CSG patients; its efficacy is equivalent to that of the classic acupoints group, i.e. Neiguan (PC6), Zhongwan (CV 12), and Zusanli (ST 36).

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation between the level of metallic elements in urine and childhood acute leukemia.

METHODSA total of 71 patients under 15 years old who were newly diagnosed with acute leukemia between September 2007 and August 2008 without Downs' syndrome or other tumors, and 113 gender- and age-matched controls without tumors or congenital diseases were enrolled for the case-control study. The general data and potential risk factors were obtained by questionnaires. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the metal concentrations in urine, which was collected randomly before chemotherapy. Logistic regression model was performed for univariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTSThe questionnaire showed that there was significant difference in the proportion of children whose mothers had taken iron supplements during or 3 months before pregnancy between case group and control group, which was 28.2% (20/71) and 14.2% (16/113) respectively (Wald χ(2) = 5.438, P = 0.02). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that levels of vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, arsenic, and barium in urine from case group were all higher than those of control group with significant difference. The median values for vanadium in urine from case and control groups were 5.39 and 3.04 ng/mg creatinine (Wald χ(2) = 9.03, P < 0.05); the median values for manganese were respectively 4.46 and 2.44 ng/mg creatinine (Wald χ(2) = 10.57, P < 0.05); the median values for iron were separately 58.69 and 14.09 ng/mg creatinine (Wald χ(2) = 13.41, P < 0.05); the median values for cobalt were respectively 0.98 and 0.77 ng/mg creatinine (Wald χ(2) = 4.46, P < 0.05); the median values for copper were 61.17 and 10.90 ng/mg creatinine (Wald χ(2) = 8.15, P < 0.05); the median values for arsenic were respectively 55.93 and 36.11 ng/mg creatinine (Wald χ(2) = 4.57, P < 0.05); and the median values for barium were 8.55 and 2.87 ng/mg creatinine (Wald χ(2) = 4.82, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the level of iron in urine had a significantly positive relation with the incidence of childhood acute leukemia (OR = 1.009, 95%CI = 1.002 - 1.016).

CONCLUSIONThe level of iron in urine might be related to the occurrence of childhood acute leukemia, but its specific role needs further investigation.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron ; urine ; Leukemia ; etiology ; Male ; Metals ; urine