Cardiovascular System ; Pharmacogenetics

Objective To evaluate the role of prostaglandin E2 (EP) receptors in H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).Methods Primary cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes were seeded in culture flasks (3 ml/flask) or in 24-well plate (1 ml/hole) or 6-well plate (2 ml/hole) with density of 4 × 104/ml.The cells were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24 each): control group (group C),PGE2 group,AH6809 (EP1 and EP2 receptor antagonist) group (group A) and GW627368X (EP4 receptor antagonist) group (group G).The cells were continuously cultured for 48 h.PGE2 (final concentration 1 μmol/L) was added to the culture medium in PGE2 group.PGE2 (final concentration 1 μmol/L) and A H6809 (final concentration 10 μmol/L) were added to the culture medium in group A.PGE2 (final concentration 1 μmol/L) and GW627368X (final concentration 10 μmol/L) were added to the culture medium.The cells were then cultured for 48 h in groups PGE2,A and G.Then the cell morphology was observed by using fluorescent microscope.The cell diameter was measured by using the Image J medical image analysis system.Total protein content in the cells was measured with BCA method.The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA in the cytoplasm was determined using RT-PCR.Results Compared with group C,the total protein in the cells and cell diameter were significantly increased,and the expression of ANP mRNA and BNP mRNA in the cytoplasm was up-regulated in groups PGE2,A and G (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group PGE2,the total protein in the cells and cell diameter were significantly decreased,and the expression of ANP mRNA and BNP mRNA in the cytoplasm was downregulated in group G (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group A (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion EP4 receptor mediates H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by PGE2 and the effect is not related to EP1 and EP2.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol anesthesia on the expression of β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and content of anyloid beta protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42) in the neonatal rat hippocampus.Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 7 days,weighing 12-16 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =30 each):control group (group C),single dose of propofol anesthesia group (group SP),and repeated doses of propofol anesthesia group (group RP).Group C received intraperitoneal normal saline 7.5 ml/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days.Group SP received normal saline 7.5 ml/kg once a day for 6 consecutive days and propofol 75 mg/kg on 7th day.Group RP received propofol 75 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days.Six rats in each group were chosen at 15 min after the end of injection on 7th day and blood samples were taken from the left ventricle for determination of the blood glucose level and for blood gas analysis.Eight animals in each group were sacrificed on 1st,3rd and 7th day after the end of injection on 7th day to determine the expression of BACE1 (using Western blot) and content of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus (by ELISA).Results Compared with groups C and SP,the expression of BACE1 was up-regulated and the content of Aβ1-42 was significantly increased at each time point in group RP ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in the expression of BACE1 and content of Aβ1-42 at each time point between groups C and SP ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Repeated doses of propofol up-regulate the expression of BACE1 and increase the content of Aβ1-42 in neonatal rat hippocampus,which may be one of the mechanisms by which propofol leads to long-term cognitive dysfunction.Single dose of propofol does not have the effect.

Objective To study the effects of using the dropping retention-enema in the clinical practices.Methods Divided 60 cases who need retention-enema into the experimental group and the control group,there were 30 cases in the each group.The traditional retention-enema method was used in the control group,while the dropping retention-enema method was used in the experimental group.Compared the related factors between the two groups.Results All the factors which can indicated the clinical effects in the experimental group were better than those of in the control group,P

The formative assessment system has been applied to the internship education for the clinical anesthesia with the aim to improve students' initiative and to evaluate their outcomes more compre-hensively. The students' performance in the shift exchange, case discussion, raising question, solving question at the time points of after the preclinical train, one month and 3 months into the anesthesia internship, and after the completion of internship, and their capability in preoperative patient assessment, condition report, clinical practice, review writing have been evaluated to determine the educational quality and to instruct the improvement of educational approach. Assess process takes into account both the individuality and the gen-eral character of the students and feedbacks the evaluation result to improve the practice teaching The im-plementation of the evaluation can promote students' autonomous learning and comprehensively evaluate students' practice process.

Humans ; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Length of Stay ; Laparoscopy ; Postoperative Complications ; Gastrectomy

This study examined the expression pattern of programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) in cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and its association with age-related hearing loss in mice. Sixty C57BL/6J (C57) mice at different ages were divided into four groups (3, 6, 9 or 12 months). PDCD5 expression was detected by using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot. Morphological change of the cochleae was also evaluated by using immunoassay. The results showed that the expression of PDCD5 had a gradual increase with ageing in both protein and RNA levels in C57 mice, as well as gradually increased apoptosis of cochlear hair cells and SGNs. In addition, we also found that caspase-3 activity was enhanced and its expression was enhanced with ageing. It is implied that overexpression of PDCD5 causes the increase in caspase-3 activity and the subsequent increase of apoptosis in cochlear hair cells and SGNs, and thereby plays a role in the pathogenesis of presbycusis. Thus, PDCD5 may be a new target site for the treatment and prevention of age-related hearing loss.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the improvement of taurine (Tau) in learning and memory ability of rats exposed to lead.

METHODSForty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group: treated with distilled water; lead group: treated with lead acetate (40 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)); lead-taurine group 1, 2, 3: lead acetate (40 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) + different concentrations of taurine (100, 400, 800 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)). The ability of learning and memory of rats were measured weekly by spatial water maze test from the 5th to 8th week. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed, the samples of blood and brain were taken for test.

RESULTS(1) The time of seeking anchorage of lead-Tau 800 mg group in the 6th, 7th, 8th week and that of lead-Tau 400 mg group in the 6th week were significantly lower than that of lead group (P<0.05). (2) Blood lead contents in lead-Tau 100 mg and lead-Tau 400 mg group [(510.9 +/- 57.56) microg/L, (485.40 +/- 98.85) microg/L] were different from those in lead group (P<0.05). (3) The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain of lead-Tau 800 mg group and lead-Tau 400 mg group were also different from those in lead group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The content of GSH and the activity of GSH-Px in lead-Tau 800 mg group were different from those in lead group (P<0.05) as well.

CONCLUSIONTaurine could improve learning and memory ability of rats exposed to lead and may play a protective role in brain.

Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; drug effects ; Female ; Glutathione ; analysis ; Learning ; drug effects ; Long-Term Potentiation ; drug effects ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Memory ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Organometallic Compounds ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Taurine ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo assess the distribution frequency of Gly82Ser polymorphism of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGR) gene and investigate its association with type 2 diabetic Chinese patients.

METHODSThe allele frequencies and genotype distribution of Gly82Ser polymorphism of RAGE gene were compared in a case-control study of 194 type 2 diabetic and 546 non-diabetic subjects. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for detection of the genotype variants.

RESULTSIn general Chinese population and type 2 diabetic Chinese patients, the most frequent genotype and allele of RAGR gene Gly82Ser polymorphism were genotype GG and allele G, whose frequency distribution were significantly higher than those in other countries (P<0.01). No significantly difference in the genotype frequencies or allele frequencies of Gly82Ser polymorphism were found between the diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONGly82Ser polymorphism of RAGE gene does not demonstrate any association with type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients, but high genotype and allele frequencies of Gly82Ser polymorphism occur in Chinese population and type 2 diabetic Chinese patients.

Aged ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; ethnology ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Glycine ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; Serine ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the role of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in tracing rhesus bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) during tissue-engineered bone formation in vivo.

METHODSAd5.CMV-GFP was amplified by infecting QBI-293A cells, and the bone marrow was harvested from the ilium of adult male rhesus to obtain rBMSCs, which were cultured and passaged in vitro. GFP was transfected into the third-passage rBMSCs via adenovirus vector and the labeled cells were inoculated into absorbable HA scaffold and cultured for 3 days, with untransfected rBMSCs as control, before the cell-matrix compounds were implanted into the latissimus dorsi muscles of rhesus. Samples were harvested at 6 week and embedded in paraform, and ground sections of the bone tissue were prepared to observe green fluorescence under laser scanning confocal microscope. Propidium iodide staining of the sections was also performed for observation.

RESULTSThe rBMSCs grew well after GFP transfection, and green fluorescence could be seen 24 h after the transfection and became stronger till 48 h, with a positive transfection rate beyond 80%. Six weeks after cell implantation, the rBMSCs labeled by GFP-emitted green fluorescence were detected in the bone tissue under laser scanning confocal microscope.

CONCLUSIONGFP can effectively trace BMSCs during bone tissue engineering, and the transplanted BMSCs constitute the main source of bone-forming cells in bone tissue engineering.

Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Transfection