Background The extraocular muscles (EOMs) Pulley is considered as the functional origins of the recti EOMs,it is determinants of ocular motility.Objective The structure of the connective tissue around EOMs in cat was studied,and the role of EOMs Pulley to ocular movement was investigated.Methods Five adult cats were involved.The gross anatomy of an orbit in each cat was observed.The other orbit was processed with paraffin imbedding and coronal serial sections.A murine monocolonal antibody to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was used to show smooth muscle,while Masson trichrome stain was used to show muscle and collagen,and Weigert stain to show elastin.Results An encircling ring of collagen circled EOM was thin and connected to the orbital layer of muscle fiber loosely.Less elastin fibers and little smooth muscle cells were embedded in the collagen ring and connective band.Collagen ring around medial rectus and the connective band between medial rectus and inferior rectus was not more significantly developed than other bands.Conclusions The connective tissue around EOMs in cat may be related to its function of ocular movement,which is not developed.

The first research on the NS1 protein as the non-structural protein of the type A influenza virus was emphasized on the considering of its depressant effect on the composition of the protein of host cell.And now,with deep research,the evolution of its genes and the antigenicity of its protein have been explained.The NS1 protein of influenza virus has the association with the apoptosis induced by the influenza virus,the regulating function of apoptosis has the direct correlation with possibility of producing interference and the cell line infected by influenza virus.The NS1 protein restrained to producing the interferon by infected cell.The NS1 protein plays an important role on the host anti-viral cytokine responses,it possesses nagitive regulation for interferon's antiviral activity,most observation indicated nagitive regulation might associate with the virulence of influenza virus.Furthermore NS1 protein as an inspection antigen to differentiate and diagnose the poultry which was immunized or naturally infected has a very wide prospect,because the traditional vaccine was used extensively.

Objective To discuss the surgical therapy of primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava(PIVCLS).Methods Retrospective analysis of was made 5 patients of PIVCLS from Oct 2009 to May 2011 hospitalized in Department of Vascular Surgery,Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University.All patients underwent surgical resection,combined with reconstruction of bilateral renal vein and distal inferior vena cava using artificial vascular graft.Results Surgical resection was performed successfully in all patients.The mean operation time was 166.6 min,with mean blood loss 1 560 mL.Leiomyosarcoma intruding the inferior vena cava and right renal vein were observed in all patients during operation.The mean size was 12 cm × 10 cm× 8 cm.The diagnosis of PIVCLS in 5 patients was confirmed by postoperative pathologic examination.All patients did not present lower extremity swelling after surgery and discharged from hospital with normal blood (BUN) and (CREA).All patients were administrated with oral warfarin therapy after discharge.No clinical relapse and pulmonary embolism was observed during the follow-up (range 3 months to 12 months).The ultrasound revealed the patency of artificial vascular grafts in all patients.Conclusions Surgical resection combined with reconstruction of bilateral renal vein and distal inferior vena cava using artificial vascular graft is an effective and feasible treatment of PIVCLS.Leiomyosarcoma is completely eliminated and important abdominal viscera are protected well during the procedure because of minimal impact on hemodynamics.The incidence of postoperative pulmonary embolism also decreases obviously.

AIM To determine the dynamic changes of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in various brain regions of cerebral ischemia reperfusion mice. METHODS Concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and metabolites were determined by HPLC-ECD on d 0,1,3,5 and d 20 after cerebral ischemia reperfusion by common carotid artery occlusion. RESULTS The cerebral ischemia reperfusion mice showed decreased concentrations of NE, MHPG, DA, DOPAC, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in various brain regions, especially in hippocampus. CONCLUSION Several neuron systems play an important role in neurons damage of cerebral ischemia reperfusion, especially the NE and DA in hippocampus which is sensitive to the ischemia damage. The data offer useful guides for clinical treatments of cerebral ischemia diseases.

Reperfusion is the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction, markedly reducing mortality and morbidity. Reperfusion however induces necrotic and apoptotic damages to cardiomyocytes, that were viable prior to reperfusion, a process called myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MI/RI). Over the past 30 years, hundreds of experimental interventions (both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic) have been reported to protect the ischemic myocardium in experimental animals; however, with the exception of early reperfusion, none has been translated into clinical practice. The population-based survey assessed men have about twice the total incidence of morbidity and mortality of women, and the sex gap in morbidity tends to diminish after age 45 years. So hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is given to treat the MI/RI, and lots of studies shows that the side effect is greater for estrogen, compared with phyestrogen. In this article, we review the important pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, the prevention and limitations of HRT. And we highlight the mechanism of phyestrogens treatment the MI/RI in experiment. The aim is to provide the theoretically new way of develop the safe and effective products for the researchers.
Animals ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Phytoestrogens ; administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage

To study the ecological distribution and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Ferula of medicinal plants in Xinjiang. The endophytic fungi were isolated from roots, stems and leaves of Ferula by microbiology research methods and technology. The endophytic fungi were identified using ITS rDNA sequence analysis and morphology analysis. The composition, diversity and preference of endophytic fungal community were analyzed with Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H') and Sorensen coefficient (Cs). A total of 337 strains endophytic fungi were isolated and classified into 38 genera, Alternaria, Aureobasidium and Fusarium were the dominant genera. Among the 337 isolates, the endophytic fungi of F. sinkiangensis were the most, The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H') associated with roots of F. fukanensis was the highest, reached 1.85. The highest Sorensen coefficient ( Cs) was between leaf of F. sinkiangensis and leaf of F. ovina, reached 0.75. From the result, endophytic fungi were widely distributed in six Ferula, there are some notable differences between distribution and composition of the endophytic fungi isolated from different issues and different species of Ferula, show a certain degree of species and tissue preference. The results obtained in this study will provide realistic basis and theoretical basis for further study the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi associated with Ferula, and the relationship between endophytic fungi and their host plants.
Biodiversity ; Ecology ; Endophytes ; isolation & purification ; Ferula ; microbiology ; Fungi ; classification ; isolation & purification ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the reason, key diagnosic point and therapeutic method of the incisions fat colliquation or infections at early stage after operation of lumbar disc herniation.

METHODSFrom July 2007 to May 2012, clinical data of 11 patients with incision fat liquefaction or early infection after lumbar discectomy were retrospectively analyzed. There were 5 males and 6 females with an average age of 43.1 years, and the mean time of incisions fat colliquation or infection was 5 days and a half after operation. The main clinical features included local wound pain aggravating, fervescence, fresh seepage in the wound, and blood inflammatory index increased, etc. The wound could heal at the first treatment stage or not was an evaluation standard of curative effect.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with an average period of 21 months. The wounds of 10 cases healed at the first stage without recurrence and complications. In 1 case infected by staphylococcus aureus, distal part of the wound present local red, swelling and with wave motion at 2 months after operation, staphylococcus aureus infection was confirmed after puncture and bacterial culture, and 1 thrum was found after local incision. The wound healed after change dressings for 1 week, without recurrence after followed up for 13 months.

CONCLUSIONPreventing the risk factors before operation, minimizing invasive technique during operation reasonable antibiotics application for the lumbar operation reguiring placement objects, and correctly handling with wound after operation could prevent and reduce the incidence of incisions fat liquefaction or infection after operation of lumbar disc herniation. For incision fat liquefaction or infection, early diagnosis, debridement, VSD negative pressure irrigation and drainage, to choosing sensitive antibiotics according to the results of drug sensitivity, may contribute to wound early healing and decrease complication.

Adipose Tissue ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Staphylococcal Infections ; pathology ; therapy ; Surgical Wound Infection ; pathology ; therapy ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluate the correlation between postoperative complications and prognosis after radical hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).Methods We retrospectively summarized patients' clinicopathological data and postoperative complications.Postoperative complications were graded using Dindo-Clavien system of classification.Then we investigate the relation between these data and prognosis.Results One hundred and seventy-three patients were recruited.Postoperative complications developed in 59 (34.1％) cases.37 patients had minor complications and 22 patients had major complications.On univariate (x2 =8.106,P =0.004) and multivariate analysis (x2 =8.006,P =0.005),complication was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS).However,in a subgroup of patients with minor compications,morbidity was not associated with a significant reduction in both OS (x2 =3.199,P =0.074) and disease-free survival (x2 =1.313,P =0.252).Conclusions Postoperative complications are an independent factor for long-term outcomes after hepatic resection for CRLM.

Objective To identify the risk factors associated with overall survival (OS) for patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases,and to assess the predictive values of five published scoring systems in an independent patient cohort for the purpose of external validation.Methods The clinical,pathologic,and complete follow-up data were prospectively collected from 303 consecutive patients who underwent primary hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases at the Beijing Cancer Hospital from January 2000 to Aug 2014.The predictive values of the Nordlinger score,the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score,the Iwatsuki score,the Basingstoke index,and the Konopke scoring system were assessed in this patient set.The clinical and pathologic parameters were further analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival were 89.2％,50.8％ and 38.6％,respectively.The median survival time was 37 months.Two risk factors were found to be independent predictors of poor overall survival:the N stage of the primary tumor,and a carcinoembyonic antigen level ＞ 30 μg/L.The MSKCC score had the best independent predictive power for survival when compared with the other 4 prognostic systems (C-index:0.903).Conclusion In our patient cohort,the MSKCC score was the best staging system in predicting survival.

Objective Bisegmentectomy Ⅶ-Ⅷ can be an alternative option for the tumor localized in segments Ⅶ and Ⅷ and infiltrating the main trunk of RHV instead of a right hemihepatectomy.This study was to evaluate the safety and practicability of the removal of segments Ⅶ and Ⅷ of the liver with the resection of the main trunk of RHV without vascular reconstruction.Method 13 consecutive patients underwent bisegmentectomy Ⅶ-Ⅷ with the resection of the RHV between Nov.2006 and Dec.2012 at Beijing Cancer Hospital 1st Department.of HPB Surgery.Results Bisegmentectomy Ⅶ-Ⅷ with the resection of the RHV was performed in all 13 patients successfully without the distal vein reconstruction.The duration of the operations was 90-215 min.Mean blood loss was estimated to be 200 ml (100-700 ml).Indications for a bisegmentectomy Ⅶ-Ⅷ included hepatocellular carcinoma in 6 cases,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in one,liver metastasis in 4 and hepatic hemangioma in 2 as confirmed pathologically.All patients recovered without severe complications.The atrophy of segment Ⅵ due to the venous drainage obstacle was observed in 3 patients without the dysfunction of liver postoperatively.Conclusions It is safe and practicable to perform Ⅶ and Ⅷ bisegmentectomy with resection of the right hepatic vein without vascular reconstruction for liver tumors.