The number of application and granted funds for NSFC were analyzed statistically in Urology institute of Peking University from 2001 to 2007.The result showed the development of urological research projects and scientific research potential of institute of Urology in recent years.Meanwhile,some suggestions for existing problems of the scientific research were put forward in this paper.

Objective To explore different risk factors in different age groups patients with large-artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction,in order to reduce the rates of cerebral infarction and relapse by taking different means of prevention.MethodsOne hundred and ninety-two patients with large-artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction were divided into three groups by age:youth group(46 cases),middle age group (57 cases) and elderly group (89 cases).The study variables included sex,previous medical history (hypertension and diabetes),long-term smoking,long-term alcohol intake and laboratory parameters (triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,homocysteine).ResultsThe rates of high triglyceride and long-term smokingin youth group were significantly higher than those in elderly group [ 60.9％ (28/46) vs.22.5％ (20/89),65.2％ (30/46) vs.29.2％ (26/89),P ＜ 0.05 ].The rates of male,long-term smoking and long-term alcohol intake in middle age group were significantly higher than those in elderly group [ 80.7％ (46/57) vs.59.6％ (53/89),57.9％ (33/57) vs.29.2％ (26/89),47.4％ (27/57) vs.15.7％ (14/89),P ＜ 0.05 ].The rates of hypertension,diabetes and long-term alcohol intake in middle age group were significantly higher than those in youth group [ 84.2％ (48/57) vs.60.9％ (28/46),54.4％ (31/57 ) vs.26.1％ ( 12/46 ),47.4％ (27/57) vs.23.9％ ( 11/46 ),P ＜ 0.05 ].The rate of high triglyceride in youth group was significantly higher than that in middle age group[60.9％(28/46) vs.29.8％(17/57),P ＜ 0.05 ].The rate of hypertension in elderly group was significantly higher than that in youth group [ 83.1％(74/89) vs.60.9％ (28/46),P ＜0.05].There was no significant difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,homocysteine and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the three groups(P ＞0.05).ConclusionsKey point is different for the prevention of large-artery atherosclerosis cerebral infarction of different age paragraph.The youth patient emphasizes the change of lifestyle.Middle age patient has more emphasis on blood pressure,blood glucose control of the risk factors based on the lifestyle change.The key of elderly patient is the control of blood pressure.

Objective To evaluate the effects of early and late tracbeostomy on patients with acute severe cerebral trauma.Methods In the retrospective study,167 patients with severe brain trauma ( GCS ＜ 9 ) requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation ( MV ) were managed by percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) from May 2001 to December 2010.According to the transoral incubation MV duration,the patients were divided into the early tracheostomy (ET) group ( MV duration≤7 d,81 cases)and late tracheostomy (LT) group (MV duration ＞ 7 d,86 cases).The basic clinical characteristics,pre-and post-PDT MV period,total MV duration,length of post-PDT ICU stay,length of ICU stay,length of hospital stay and mortality were compared between the two groups.Results The two groups showed no statistical differences in aspects of age,sex,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (A-PACHE Ⅱ ) score,GCS,trauma index and craniotomy rate (P＞0.05).Compared with LT group,ET group significantly shortened the pre-PDT MV period [ (5.16 ± 1.33 ) d∶ ( 1 1.64 ± 4.25 ) d,P ＜ 0.01 ],post-PDT MV period ( median:15.0 d∶ 17.0 d,P ＜ 0.05 ),total MV duration ( median:18.0 d∶26.0 d,P＜0.05),length of post-PDT ICU stay (median:16.0 d∶21.0 d,P＜0.01 ) and length of ICU stay (median:21.0 d∶32.0 d,P ＜0.01 ).But the two groups had no statistical differences concerning the length of hospital stay ( P ＞ 0.05 ),ICU mortality ( 17％ ∶ 14％,P ＞ 0.05 ) and in-hospital mortality (25％∶28.4％,P ＞0.05).Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the frequency of MV and ICU stay rate within 60 days in ET group were significantly lower than those in LT group.Conclusions For patients with severe brain trauma,early tracheostomy shortens the duration of MV and length of ICU stay without affecting their prognosis.Thereby,tracheostomy can be performed at early stage when managing acute severe brain injury.

AIM: To investigate the new processing method of Radix Polygonum Multiflorum,determine the content of 2,3,5,4′-stilbene glucoside by HPLC. METHODS: Referring to content of 2,3,5,4′-stilbene glucoside as marker,we have screened out processing time for Radix Polygonum Multiflorum by orthogonal design, by HPLC. RESULTS: 48 h of steaming time can guarantee processing quality of Radix Polygonum Multiflorum. CONCLUSION: The method can be used for processing standard of Radix Polygonum Multiflorum

Adult ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Gland ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Video-Assisted Surgery ; methods ; Young Adult

In the cultural construction of independent institute,there exist the contradiction between tradition and innovation,cultural conflicts between private enterprises and the university.Therefore,adhering to the people-centered concept,coordinating tradition and innovation,merging the advantages of university culture and private enterprises culture into a whole,cultivating the unique spiritual culture,harmonious system culture and unified material culture of independent institute,forming the distinctive “Institute Culture” with its own cultural tradition will provide reference for the theory and practice to enrich and improve the connotative development of independent institute.

Cathepsin B from Helicoverpa armigera (HCB) belongs to the group of cysteine proteinases. HCB is proved being involved in the degradation of yolk proteins during embryonic development,which is an acidic preferring enzyme and is resistant to SDS. The expression of the proenzyme may offer a model for investigating the activation of the enzyme. The HCB gene was constructed into pPIC9K and expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71 strain . After induction by methanol, HCB was expressed and secreted into the medium. The molecular weight of the recombinant procathepsin B was determined as about 38 kDa. The expressed product was confirmed to be HCB by immunoblotting assay using specific rabbit anti-HCB polyclonal antibody. The activity of the product was assayed by in situ hydrolysis (gelatin-SDS-PAGE). These results showed that HCB with proteolytic activity was expressed in P. pastoris KM71. This proenzyme can be used for further research on the activation of the proenzyme or industrial production.

Objective To establish a new determination method for the measuring of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) with p-acetyl phenyl phosphace (PAP-PNa_2) as substrate.Methods With the help of Vital semiautomatic analyzer,researched a continuous-monitoring procedure and set up experimental parameters.Results When using this assay,the wavelength of PAP's absorption was 325 nm and the Km of ALP was 0.376 mmol/L.The molecular extinction coefficient of PAP at 340 nm was 23 390 L?mol~(-1)? cm~(-1) and the concentration of citrate buffer was 0.438 mol/L.During the process,we found that the optimum pH of enzyme was 10.4,and the concentration of substrate was 5.0 mmol/L.The time of linear reaction was 900 seconds,and the linear range was 0-1 110 U/L.Serum total ALP were 63.1-118.3 U/ L(male) and 52.5-89.0 U/L(female),based on results from 60 heath adults.Conclusions The method is practical in its repetition and convenience,saves time and is not liable to be affected by bilirubin in serum.It is especially suited to the use of automatic analyzers.

Objective To summarize the experiences in using Bio-Gide and Bio-Oss for guided bone regener- ation in dental implantation.Methods In 28 cases of bone deficiency,Bio-Gide membranes were applied to cover alveolar defects filled with the Bio-Oss bone powder.In postoperative periodic follow-.up,the bone regeneration effect was observed by successive clinical and X-ray examination.Results 38 implants were inserted in the 28 patients and Bio-Gide membranes were used in the sites of the 38 implants.Alveolar bone defects were filled with new bone in 27 patients,1 implant loosed because of inflammation.37 implants had ideal osseointegration at stageⅡsurgery and were prosthetic rcconstructed successfully.No implant loosed during the observed period of 15 months to 4 years. Conclusion Bio-Gide and Bio-Oss have ideal effect of guided bone regeneration in dental implantation.

Objective To discuss clinical efficacy of patients treated with surgical treatment for posttraumatic elbow stiffness combined with pain.Methods From January 2011 to December 2014,release treatment was performed on 32 cases of posttraumatic contracture of the elbow combined with pain by operation.There were 22 males and 10 females,at average age of 39 years(range from 18 to 65 years).25 cases of these patients with mild-to-moderate pain got a simple elbow release operation.There were 4 cases of severe pain patients complicated with elbow dislocation,after fully release the elbows,reduction was performed under the direct;Both elbow arthrolysis and dermal transplantation interval type elbow arthroplasty were performed in 3 cases of severe pain patients which had severe osteoarthritis.A total of 26 patients were installed hinged external fixator after operation for early functional exercise.Results All patients were followed up for an average time of 14 months(from 12 to 18 months).All patients were significantly improved in the range of elbow and pain symptoms.Postoperative joint function improvement:2 patients with severe stiffness improved to moderate stiffness,19 patients with moderate or severe stiffness improved to mild stiffness,and the remaining of 11 cases without stiffness,The improvement rate was 100％.Postoperative pain:6 cases of moderate or severe pain relieved for mild pain,26 patients pain disappeared,the pain relief rate was 100％.Mayo elbow performance score were evaluated before and after surgery.Preoperative score:the results were good in 6 cases,fair in 14 cases and poorin 12 cases;postoperative score:excellent in 20 cases,good in 8 cases and fair in 4 cases,the good rate is 87.5 ％.The difference between preoperation and postoperation was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Elbow arthrolysis combined external fixation is beneficial to early functional rehabilitation and restoring the flexion and extension function of stiff elbow,at the same time,the pain caused by stale dislocation or arthritis of elbow can also get good effect.