OBJECTIVE: To determinate triptolide and wilforlide A in biological samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and to verify the method. METHODS: After 0.4 mL blood, urine or 0.4 g hepatic tissues with internal standard were extracted by ethyl acetate, they were separated on a Allure PFP Propyl (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of methanol-20 mmol/L ammonium acetate using gradient elution. For mass spectrometric detection, electrospray ionization (ESI⁺) in positive mode was elected and the data was collected using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). RESULTS: The linearity was good (r > 0.995 0) and the limit of detection was 2 ng/mL or 2 ng/g for triptolide and wilforlide A. The recovery was 61.08%-102.98%. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 12.58% for each biological sample, and the accuracy was 90.61%-105.80%. CONCLUSION This method is simple, convenient and good selective, and could be applied to analysis of triptolide and wilforlide A in different biological samples. And the method may provide technical support for forensic medicine identification, clinical diagnosis and treatment of tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. poisoning.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes/urine* ; Epoxy Compounds/urine* ; Humans ; Oleanolic Acid/urine* ; Phenanthrenes/urine* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVE: To develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening method for 45 poisonous alkaloids in blood. METHODS: Identification was based on the compound's retention time and two precursor-to-production transitions. The method involved a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by LC-MS/MS with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). When 1 mL of blood was extracted with diethyl ether at pH = 9.2 with SKF525A as the internal standard, the target compounds were analyzed with LC-MS/MS in the positive ionization mode. RESULTS: The target alkaloids had good linearity (r>0.995 1), both the intra-day precision and inter-day precision being less than 14.77%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 25 ng/mL in blood. CONCLUSION The method is selective and sensitive in detecting poisonous alkaloids with a total running time of 12 minutes; therefore it was successfully applied to some actual cases of suspected alkaloids poisoning.
Alkaloids/chemistry* ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Liquid-Liquid Extraction ; Mass Spectrometry ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods*

The aim of this study was to develop the data element standard directory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical pharmacy information, to provide application standards and models of TCM clinical pharmacy for the electronic medical record (EMR). The developed line of work is as follows: initially establish research through four forms: literature analysis, questionnaires, discussion groups, expert advice. The research range from the Chinese herbal medicine research, herbal origin, harvesting, processing, identification of traits, physical and chemical identification, modern research, character, taste, Indications, clinical application, processing, dispensing medicine, Chinese medicine specifications, usage, dosage, caution, efficacy indications to small packaging applications, drug research, management and other related issues, including traditional Chinese medicine theory, application and hospital management information; according to the general and part 16 content of the national "Health Information Data Element Standards", and the basic method of extracting data element to study and develop the data element of TCM clinical pharmacy information from the defining content. Correspondingly propose the ideas and methods of construction of the "Data Element Standard Directory of TCM Clinical Pharmacy Information", sort out medicine clinical information data element standard catalog, divided into basic categories, clinical application class, management class three parts, and set norms and standards of identifying data elements, definitions, allowable value of traditional Chinese medicine clinical information, and discuss the sources and standards of information collection, leaving the interface, standardized and scientific terminology, docking with the existing standards, maintenance and management program and oter issues.
China ; Data Mining ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Database Management Systems ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Electronic Health Records ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; statistics & numerical data

Through collecting and collating the development process of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing, the development of modern Chinese medicine dispensing on the basis of experience could be promoted. "Heyaofenji", "Hehe", " Heji" in ancient Chinese medicine, herbal medicine literature and law were collected, and then things were sorted out according to traditional Chinese medicine dispensing theory, skills and legal norms. Firstly, "Tang Ye Jing Fa" is the earliest book which marks the rudiment of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing. Secondly, traditional Chinese medicine dispensing theory formed in "Shen Nong's herbal classic". Thirdly, Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" marked the formation of Chinese medicine dispensing skills. Lastly, Provisions in Tang Dynasty law marks the development of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; education ; history ; legislation & jurisprudence ; methods ; China ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Compounding ; history ; methods ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; history ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of noninvasive high frequency oscillatory ventilation(nHFOV)and heated humidified high flow nasal cannula(HHHFNC)in sequential ventilator evacuation of preterm infants with very low birth weight with respiratory distress syndrome(RDS).Methods:A total of 88 preterm infants of very low birth weight with RDS were enrolled in the study, who had received endotracheal intubation invasive ventilation and were ready to be replaced by non-invasive ventilation at neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)of Xuzhou Central Hospital from May 2017 to January 2020.All premature infants were routinely treated with caffeine citrate.They were divided into two groups through random number table: nHFOV/HHHFNC group(45 cases)and continuous positive airway pressure(nCPAP)/oxygen hood group(43 cases). nHFOV was given after invasive ventilator removal and HHHFNC transition was followed after nHFOV withdrawal in the nHFOV/HHHFNC group, while nCPAP was given after invasive ventilator removal and oxygen hood was followed after nCPAP withdrawal in the nCPAP/oxygen hood group.The main observation consequences were compared with arterial blood gas indexes after invasive ventilator evacuation, weaning effect and the incidence of related complications.Results:(1)There were no statistically differences between the two groups in terms of gender, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min after birth, the number of glucocorticoid usage in 24 h before delivery, the number of pulmonary surfactant usage, invasive ventilation time and RDS grading( P>0.05). (2)The PaO 2, PaCO 2and oxygenation index(OI=100×MAP×FiO 2/PaO 2)of the nHFOV/HHHFNC group at 1 h and 24 h after invasive ventilator removal showed significant difference compared with the nCPAP/oxygen hood group( P<0.05). The differences as the following listed were statistically significant( P<0.05)between the two groups, including the failure rate of invasive ventilation weaning during 72 h [9%(4/45)vs.26%(11/43)], the incidence of frequent apnea [7%(3/45)vs.23%(10/43)], the failure rate of nHFOV and nCPAP noninvasive ventilation weaning [4%(2/45)vs.21%(9/43)], the oxygen-used time [12.02(9.08~12.31)d vs.14.44(11.32~13.26)d] and the incidence of nasal injury [4%(2/45)vs.26%(11/43)]. (3)The time of the first noninvasive ventilation of nHFOV and nCPAP, the incidences of lung air leakage, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage, above stageⅡretinopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and the mortality rate between the two groups showed no statistical significance( P>0.05). Conclusion:nHFOV and HHHFNC used in the sequential ventilator evacuation of RDS in preterm infants with very low birth weight could improve oxygenation, reduce CO 2retention, improve the success rate of machine weaning and reduce the occurrence of apnea and nasal injury.

Oroxylum indicum was a traditional Chinese medicine. In order to study the chemical constituents from the seed of O. indicum, the chemical constituents of 80% methanol extract of seeds of O. indicum were subjected to chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, leading to the isolation of eleven compounds. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data as oroxin B (1), chrysin (2), baicalein (3), neglectein (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy ranoside (5), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2α,3β-dihydroxylluPeol (7), lupeol (8), rengyol (9), β-sitostero (10), and stigmasterol (11). Among them, compound 5 were firstly obtained from O. indicum.
Bignoniaceae ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Seeds ; chemistry

Objective To explore the association of chemokines and their receptors with immunologi- cal abnormality in newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients.Methods The serum con- centration of MIP-1?,MIP-1?,RANTES,IFN-?IL-4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) in 37 newly diagnosed.SLE patients and 20 normal controls.The expression rate of CCR1, CCR3,CCR5 on CD4~+T cells were detected by flow cytometry in 18 SLE patients and 10 normal controls.Re- suits Serum MIP-1?,MIP-1?concentrations were significantly higher in SLE patients than in normal control group (P＜0.01),the concentration of MIP-1?positively correlated with MIP-1?(r=0.609,P＜0.01);the per- centage of CD4~+CCR1~+ and CD4~+CCR5~+ cell were significantly lower in newly diagnosed SLE patients than in normal control group (both P＜0.01),the percentage of CD4~+CCRI~+ cells correlated negatively with the level of serum MIP-1?and IFN-?r=-0.525,P=-0.017;r=-0.442,P=0.045);the percentage of CD4~+CCR5~+ cell corre- lated negatively with the level of serum IFN-?(r=-0.645,P=0.001);the ratios of CD4~+CCR3~+/CD4~+CCR5~+ was significantly higher in newly diagnosed SLE patients than in the normal control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Abnormal change and interaction of chemokines and their receptors with cytokines lead to immunologic dys- function and may participate in the initiation of SLE.

Animals ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Liver ; enzymology ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; enzymology ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the CCCG-97 and BFM-90 protocols in the treatment of pediatric patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) retrospectively, and to explore the optimal therapeutic strategy.

METHODSForty-five consecutive untreated patients (age of 18 years or less) with newly diagnosed B-NHL (including Burkitt Lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma), treated in our hospital between July 1999 and December 2008 were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into 2 groups by different protocols. From July 1999 to December 2004, twenty-one 3- to 13.8-year-old children were enrolled in the CCCG-97 group, with 1 in stage I/II, and 20 in stage III/IV(St Jude staging). From January 2005 to December 2008, twenty-four 2.8- to 14.1-year-old cases were enrolled in the BFM-90 group, with 3 in stage I/II, and 21 in stage III/IV (St Jude staging). The survival rates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

RESULTSForty of the 45 patients (88.9%) reached complete response (CR) after 2 courses of chemotherapy. In the CCCG-97 group, the CR rate was 95.2% (20/21 pts), while that in the BFM-90 group was 83.3% (20/24 pts). At a median follow-up time of 62 (17 to 131) months, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 71.8% for all patients, and 69.1% for Stage III/IV, respectively. In the CCCG-97 group, the 3-year EFS was 76.2%. In the BFM-90 group, it was 75.0%. There was no significant difference in survival rates between the CCCG-97 and BFM-90 groups (P=0.975). Unfavorable events recorded were as follows: Death of progression before achieving CR during induction therapy in 4 cases, and relapse after achieving CR in 6 cases. The relapse rates were 19.0% (4/21 pts) in the CCCG-97 group and 8.3% (2/24 pts) in the BFM-90 group, with a non-significant statistical difference (P=0.292). Major toxicities were myelosuppression and mucositis, especially in the BFM-90 group, but were tolerable and manageable. five patients in the BFM-90 group received rituximab, 2 patients (Stage III) achieved CR, while the other 3 patients (Stage IV) had progressive disease or relapse.

CONCLUSIONSShort-pulse and intensive chemotherapy, stratified according to stage of disease, can improve the survival rate of pediatric mature B-NHL. The efficacy of the CCCG-97 protocol and BFM-90 protocol is comparable and the toxicity is tolerable.

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Mucositis ; chemically induced ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab ; Survival Rate

Objective To explore the effect of iodine excess on bone metabolism in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) rats. Methods We selected 36 female Lewis rats with body weight of (131 ± 15)g,and divided them into 3 groups randomly: control group, EAT group and EAT + high iodine group, assuring 12 rats in every group. These rats were fed fodder with different concentration of iodine(0.9,0.9, 18.0 mg/kg), and rats in EAT group and EAT + high iodine group were immunized with pig thyroglobulin(pTG) and complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) to create EAT model. After two weeks, the pathological changes of the thyroid tissues were observed,and the serum thyroid autoantibody[thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb) and thyroid microsomal antibody(TMAb)], the thyroid hormone levels[triiodo thyronine(T3) and thyrine(T4)] and some relevant data of bone metabolism[bone gla protein (BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), C-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen (PICP),C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (ICTP), insulin-like growth factor- 1 ( IGF- 1 ), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)] were measured. Results Inflammatory cell infiltration and local follicular structural damage were observed in the thyroid tissues of EAT rats in EAT group and EAT + high iodine group, and the pathological changes of EAT + high iodine group were mainly thyroid follicular expansion and integration. The level of serum TGAb, TMAb, T3 and T4 of EAT rats in EAT group and EAT + high iodine group[ (63.01 ± 12.36)%, (60.62 ± 11.24)%, (3.78 ± 1.43), (125.12 ± 16.00)pmol/L and (75.00 ± 15.44)%,(72.15 ± 15.00)%, (3.69 ± 0.91 ), (149.40 ± 20.67)pmol/L] were higher than those of the control group[ (4.47 ±1.04)%, (5.73 ± 1.01 )%, (0.75 ± 0.12), (76.91 ± 9.30)pmol/L, all P ＜ 0.05], and the level of serum TGAb,TMAb and T4 of EAT rats in EAT + high iodine group were higher than those of the EAT group(all P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum BGP, PICP and IGF- 1 in EAT group[ ( 1.70 ± 0.31 ), ( 11.31 ± 1.52) μg/L, (0.31 ± 0.06 ) mg/L]were lower than those of the control group[ (8.60 ± 0.33), (14.28 ± 3.10)μg/L, (1.16 ± 0.02)mg/L, all P ＜0.05], and the level of serum TRAP, ICTP, OPG and RANKL[ ( 19.88 ± 3.60)ng/L, (2.43 ± 0.82), (22.36 ± 2.80),( 1.35 ± 0.23 )μg/L] were higher than those of the control group[ ( 14.57 ± 3.56)ng/L, (0.50 ± 0.20), (1.61 ± 0.34),(0.10 ± 0.02)μg/L, all P ＜ 0.05]; compared with EAT group, the level of PCIP and OPG in EAT + high iodine group [ (8.03 ± 1.84), ( 16.80 ± 3.79)μg/L] were obviously decreased(all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The reinforcement of differentiation and maturation of osteoblast in the EAT rats results in the increasing of bone resorption. The activity of osteoblast and osteoclast of the EAT rats are inhibited by excessive iodine, showing a low conversion-type osteoporosis.