Objective To investigate the lung function testing performing in normal smokers,and urge smokers to stop smoking early. Methods Two hundred and one adult men did the pulmonary function testing by MINATO AS-505 portable spirometer, and analyzed the effect d different smoking degree on the pulmonary function. Results There was no relationship between lung volume index and smoking, smoking degree. Compared with nonsmokers, the indicants such as FEV1, MVV, FEV1/FVC had decreased, and the indexes of the small airway function (PEF, FEF25%-75%)had significantly dropped in the smokers. And the smokers especially long-term smokers, most indexes of the pulmonary functions and all indexes of the small airway function correlated with smoking index. Conclusion Although smokers do not show clinical symptoms, their lung functions have been reduced, especially small airway function.

Objective To explore the value of dexamethasone(DEX) for neuronal cell injury and death by observing the effect of DEX on excitatory amino acid(EAA) and monoamine neurotransmitter in cerebral tissue of neonatal rat with hypoxia-ischemia.Methods Hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat models were established,the levels of EAA and monoamine neurotransmitter in cerebral tissue were analyzed by using capillary electrophoresis and fluorospectrophotometry method.The rats were divided into 4 groups: small dose DEX group pre-treated with DEX(0.5 mg/kg) prior to hypoxia-ischemia,large dose DEX group pre-treated with DEX(10 mg/kg) prior to hypoxia-ischemia,HIE group and shamful operation group.Results The levels of EAA and monoamine neurotransmitter contents in HIE group were significantly higher than those in shamful operation group(P0.05).EAA contents of large dose DEX group greatly decreased compared with HIE group (P

Objective To observe the antioxidative dosage-effect relationship of Marigold lutein, and provide experimental data for clinical use. Methods The mice were randomly divided into seven groups:blank control group, model control group, 1 mg/kg lutein group, 5 mg/kg lutein group, 25 mg/kg lutein group, 125 mg/kg lutein group and 625 mg/kg lutein group. The mice in blank control group were dealt with saline solution by intraperitoneal injection, the others were dealt with D-galactose (120 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for seven weeks to make oxidative damage model, meanwhile the mice were given corresponding dose of the drug. Subsequently, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum were measured, and the antioxidative dosage-effect relationship was observed. Results The 1, 5, 25 mg/kg lutein reduced the MDA level and increased SOD activity, and the 125, 625 mg/kg dose of lutein did not show significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion Lutein has significant antioxidant activity in mouse dealt with D-galactose within the dose range of 1-25 mg/kg. The results suggest that the clinical dosage range of lutein should be kept within reasonable limits.

Objective:To explore the validity of a function assessing tool based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health′s (ICF′s) rehabilitation set in assessing aging-related disability.Methods:A total of 1610 elderly people from 15 nursing homes across China were assessed using the tool based on the ICF′s rehabilitation set and with the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12). The structural validity of the responses was analyzed using factor analysis, and criterion-related validity was also evaluated.Results:The factor analysis yielded three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1. Their cumulative explanatory power was 74.4%. Item d550 eating had double loading in the factor analysis. The item scores and the total scores of the disability assessment tool were significantly negatively correlated with the physiological function domain scores and the psychological function domain scores.Conclusion:The function assessment tool based on the ICF′s rehabilitation set when combined with a numerical rating scale has good structural and criterion-related validity in the assessment of disability due to aging.

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of breakthrough varicella-zoster virus infection during the varicella outbreaks in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2013-2014. Methods Samples of the varicella-zoster liquid were collected from patients with chickenpox in Minhang District in 2013-2014 and used for the extraction of genomic DNA. The open reading frame ( ORF) of 22 and 62 regions were se-quenced and further analyzed by using bioinformatics methods. Results A total of 24 samples were success-fully collected and sequenced, and all of them were wild strains. Among the 24 varicella-zoster virus strains, 23 strains were highly homologous to the parental strain ( P-Oka) and the vaccine strain ( V-Oka) , indica-ting that they belonged to J genotype. Only one strain, whose genotype was between M and E, was highly ho-mologous to the mosaic( M) CA123 strain ( M1 genotype) , indicating that it might belong to M1 genotype. Conclusion The epidemic strains of varicella-zoster virus in Minhang District were mainly J genotype. Lo-cal epidemic of M and other genotypes of varicella-zoster virus also existed. There were some gene variations in different strains of J genotype. These varicella-zoster virus strains of non-vaccine genotypes might be one of the reasons causing the breakthrough cases of chicken pox.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of intrapleural injection with urokinase ( UK) in the treatment of tubercu-lous pyothorax. Methods:Totally 120 patients with tuberculous pyothorax were randomly divided into two groups. The vomicae in the control group were rinsed with 5% sodium bicarbonate, and those in the observation group were treated with UK. The total effective rate, symptom relief time, closure time of vomicae, pleural thickness changes and adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. Results:The total effective rate of the control group and the observation group respectively was 81. 7% and 98. 3%, which showed sta-tistically significant difference (P<0. 01). The symptom remission time and the pus cavity closure time of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group (P<0. 05). The pleural thickness of the observation group was thinner than that of the control group at the end of the treatment (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01). Conclusion:The curative effect of UK in the treatment of tuberculous pyothorax is better than that of sodium bicarbonate, however, it is necessary to pay attention to monitoring such adverse reactions as bleeding, low heat and the others.

Objective To evaluate the predictability of MSCT perfusion in the restorability of renal function of hydronephrotie kidneys with unilateral partial ureteric obstructed rabbit model as to explore a method to predict the restorability of renal function of hydronephrotic kidneys and to investigate the changes of MSCT perfusion parameters during the course of the restore of renal function.Methods Establish a unilateral partial ureteric obstructed rabbits hydronephrotie model.Hydronephrotie rabbits were grouped as control,2,4 and 8 week(G_2w,G_4w and G_8w)after obstruction and the later 3 groups of rabbits were reared for further 4 weeks after the obstruction was released.MSCT perfusion scanning was performed and the specimen was made into histological slices with HE staining.Results BF and BV value of renal cortex and medulla of G_2w after obstruction [(864?32)ml?100 g~(-1)?min~(-1),(19.5?0.9)ml/100 g (cortex ); (182.1?7.5)ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(8.37?0.51)ml/100g(medulla)]was released restored in substance and approached that of control[(899?63)ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(21.6 + 1.4)ml/100 g (cortex);(193.5?16.5 )ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(8.50?0.54 )ml/100 g (medulla)]while there was no significant restore in that of G_4w and G_8w after obstruction[(525?15)ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(12.8? 0.6)ml/100g (G_4 w);(512?10)ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(9.4?1.0)ml/100 g (G_8w)] was released. Histologically,there was a positive correlation between the duration of obstruction and the seriousness of pathologic changes.Conclusion MSCT perfusion can provide information not only morphologically but also about renal perfusion of hydronephrotic kidneys.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and clinical application of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in diagnosis of occupying lesions in upper digestive tract and its pe-ripheral areas. Methods The data of 64 patients who underwent EUS-FNA for occupying lesions in upper di-gestive tract, between July 2006 and December 2007, were retrospectively analyzed. Results EUS-FNA was successfully performed on 62 patients, with a success rate of 96.88%. The overall diagnostic accuracy, sensi-tivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS-FNA for occupying lesions in upper digestive tract and its peripheral areas were 88.71%, 86.54%, 100.00%, 100.00%, and 58.82%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the foei larger and smaller than 3cm (P > 0.05), re-garding the diagnostic accuracy and average puncture numbers. Diagnostic accuracy of those with real-time cy-tolngical evaluation was significantly higher than those without (P=0.029), and the puncture numbers were less (P=0.001). Among the total 99 punctures, the positive diagnostic accuracy of those with 5ml negative pressure suction was significantly higher than those of 10 ml (P = 0.044). Conclusion EUS-FNA is a safe and applicable approach to diagnosis of occupying lesions in upper digestive tract and its peripheral areas with higher diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. Moreover, the real-time cyto-logical evaluation and adequate negative pressure might facilitate the diagnosis accuracy.

Objective To compare the diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for solid pancreatic masses performed with three different needle types through the cytological results.Methods All patients with solid pancreatic masses larger than 2cm from December 2010 to May 2011 were enrolled,and divided into two groups according to different access of EUS-FNA,trans-gastric approach with 19-,22-and 25-gauge needles (n =42) and trans-duodenal approach with 22-and 25-gauge needles (n =10).In both groups,EUS-FNA was performed with randomization of needle types.During the puncture,the suction,the number of movements,and the depth of insertion were fixed.At the end of the puncture,a liquid-based cytological (LBC) preparation was used to fix the specimen.One cytopathologists was assigned to make the diagnosis and comparison.Results Technical success was 100％ and no procedure related complications occurred.No statistically significant differences were observed in different needles in terms of all cytological parameters between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).However,the 25-gauge needle showed a trend towards a higher sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy.Conclusion There is no significant difference in yield of cytological results between different needle types,although 25-gauge needle shows a relative superiority.

It is now well established that inflammation plays an important role in the development of numerous chronic metabolic diseases including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Skeletal muscle is responsible for 75% of total insulin-dependent glucose uptake; consequently, skeletal muscle IR is considered to be the primary defect of systemic IR development. Our pre- vious study has shown that rutaecarpine (Rut) can benefit blood lipid profile, mitigate inflammation, and improve kidney, liver, pan- creas pathology status of T2DM rats. However, the effects of Rut on inflammatory cytokines in the development of IR-skeletal muscle cells have not been studied. Thus, our objective was to investigate effects of Rut on inflammatory cytokines interleukiri (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in insulin resistant primary skeletal muscle cells (IR-PSMC). Primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells were prepared from 5 neonate SD rats, and the primary rat skeletal muscle cells were identified by cell morphology, effect of ru- taecarpine on cell proliferation by MTT assay. IR-PSMC cells were induced by palmitic acid (PA), the glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method. The effects of Rut on inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in IR-PSMC cells were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The results show that the primary skeletal muscle cells from neonatal rat cultured for 2-4 days, parallel alignment regularly, and cultured for 7 days, cells fused and myotube formed. It was shown that Rut in concentration 0-180. 0 μmol x L(-1) possessed no cytotoxic effect towards cultured primary skeletal muscle cells. However, after 24 h exposure to 0.6 mmol x L(-1) PA, primary skeletal muscle cells were able to induce a state of insulin resistance. The results obtained indicated significant decrease (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α production by cultured IR-PSMC cells when incubating 24 hours with Rut, beginning from 20 to 180.0 μmol x L(-1). IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the Rut treated groups were dose-dependently decreased compared with that in the IR-PSMC control group. Our results demonstrated that the Rut promoted glucose consumption and improved insulin resistance possibly through suppression of inflammatory cytokines in the IR-PSMC cells.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Indole Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; Rats