Objective To explore the immune characteristic of a patient with hypogammaglobulinaemia and low natural killer(NK)cell numbers. Methods Case histories were analyzed repeatedly to grasp important characteristics of the disease. A routine blood examination and peripheral blood immunological detection was done. Complete neutrophil function test,lymphocyte proliferation ability and cytokine profile were evaluated. Results A 3-year-old boy was referred to the hospital because of fever and abdominal pain as well as partial intestinal obstruction. Laboratory examination revealed low immunoglobulin,reduced absolute numbers of B and NK cells and deficient B cell function of lower IFN-γ and IL-12 production. The patient also had mesenteric lymphadenopathy and a caecal mass with histology suggestive of ileocecal junctional tuberculosis. The patient was infected with cytomegalovirus(CMV)and fungus,which are not common in simple antibody deficiencies. The patient was followed for four years and during this period the patient had recurrent periodontitis resulting in the loss of one tooth. Conclusions Although the precise mechanism of the defect is unclear,we speculate that the case may cast new light on primary immunodeficiencies predominantly with antibody deficiency.(J Clin Pediatr,2011,29(7):601-608)

Objective To compare the myocardial protection effects of cold blood cardioplegia and cold crystalloid cardioplegia in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.Methods One hundred adult patients with cardiac function Ⅱ～Ⅲ class undergoing primary elective valve replacement surgery due to rheumatic heart disease were retrospectively analyzed.For patients with cardiac arrest,cold blood cardioplegia was applied to 50 cases(Group B),and cold crystalloid cardioplegia to the others(group C).The process of heart resuscitation,the postoperative need of dopamine,the blood pressure and heart rate,the postoperative level of serum myocardial enzyme,the intensive care unit(ICU) stay after operation were collected and statistically analyzed.All the cardioplegic solution was perfused in a similar manner and topical cooling was employed simultaneously.Results There were less cases in group B than in group C who needed isoprenaline for cardiac resuscitation after clamp removal(P0.05).Conclusion The cold blood cardioplegia and cold crystalloid cardioplegia have similar myocardial protection effects on rheumatic heart disease patients with cardiac function Ⅱ～Ⅲ class undergoing valve replacement surgery.

In this study, the effects of hyperosmolality on the expression of urea transporter A2 (UTA2) and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) were investigated in transfected immortalized mouse medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cell line. AQP2-GFP-pCMV6 and UTA2-GFP-pCMV6 plasmids were stably transfected into mIMCD3 cells respectively. Transfected mIMCD3 and control cells were cultured in different hypertonic media, which were made by NaCl alone, urea alone, or an equiosmolar mixture of NaCl and urea. The mRNA and protein expression of AQP2 was elevated by the stimulation of NaCl alone, urea alone and NaCl plus urea in AQP2-mIMCD3 cells; whereas NaCl alone and NaCl plus urea rather than urea alone increased the mRNA and protein expression of UTA2 in UTA2-mIMCD3 cells, and all the expression presented an osmolality-dependent manner. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of UTA2 rather than AQP2 was found to be synergistically up-regulated by a combination of NaCl and urea in mIMCD3 cells. It is concluded that NaCl and urea synergistically induce the expression of UTA2 rather than AQP2 in mIMCD3 cells, and hyperosmolality probably mediates the expression of AQP2 and UTA2 through different mechanisms.

Objective To dynamically monitor the blood glucose in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients within three days after admission, and to assess the impact of hyperglycemia on prognosis. Method Between 2007 and 2008, 62 TBI patients, who were admitted within 6 hours after the ineidence of injury without diahetes or severe combined injuries, were involved in this study. Blood glucose was monitored at 4 time points (instantly, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after admission). Patients were classified into the mild, the moderate, or the se-vere TBI group according to GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) scores, being classified into the survival or the dead group according to prognosis, or into the mile or severe hyperglycemia group depending on whether the blood glucose ex-ceeds 11.1mmol/L on admission. T tests and χ2 tests were applied to analyze the relationship among blood glucose levels, the degrees of injury, and the prognosis of studied patients. Results Patients with mild, moderate, or se-vere TBI showed hyperglycemia with different levels, and the blood glucose levels was consistent with the degree of the injury. The blood glucose of the patients in the dead group were significantly higher at all checked time points than those of the survival group, particularly instantly after admission (8.51±2.01 mmol/L vs. 11.54±2.45 mmol/L, P=0.0001, t=4.988). The mortality of patients with severe hyperglycemia was 64.71%, signifl-candy higher than that of the mild hyperglycemia group 13.95% (P=0.0002, χ2=15.46). The Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay (ICULOS) of the above two groups was 22.6 and 10.2 days,respectively (P=0.021, t= 3.216), but their hospital length of stay (HLOS) showed no statistical difference (P=0.052). Conclusions Hyperglycemia, as an early stress response to TBI, may reflect the degree of the injury. Blood glucose levels that exceed 11.1 mmol/L on admission may imply high mortality of TBI patients, so this could be used as a simple indi-cator to predict prognosis.

Objective To analyze the emergercy epidemiological characteristics of coeualties with head in-jury in Shanghai. Method By a prospective study,the data of 18 076 casualties with head injury during the whole year 2004 collected from 12 joint hospitals in Shanghai were documented well in the unified survey tables with wide-range items failed in by the attending physician, who got the firsthand information from patients and witness.The data were analyzed by using SPPS version 11.5 software. Results Of 18 076 casualties with head injury,the ratio of male to female was 2.11: 1.The mean age of female was older than that of male (t=10.575, P<0.01).The highest incidence of casualties occurred in people of twenties (24.7 % ). The local residents of Shanghai ac-counted for 34.2% of casualties. More casualties often occurred in December,January,Mareh and August than in he rest. Of 5.1% casualties with head injury were assochted with labour work.The leading cause of injury was dif-ferent in patient cohorts of different ages. Fall was the most main cause of trauma in children cohort (aged<14)and the senile patients cohort (aged > 60). The violert assault and traffic accident caused the most head injuries in the adolescent people cohort ( aged 15～34 years old) and the young people cohort ( aged 35～59 year old). The majority of casualties (85.5%) received CT scan.The scalp laceration (40.2% of patients) was seen more often than other types of injury . The mortality of easualties with traumatic brain injury was 0. 5 % . Conclusions The kmowledge of epidemiologieal aend of emergency deparhnent visitors with head injury is amportant guidance to physicians arranging emergency medical resources rationally and formulating a comprehesive prevention stategy of castahies with head injury.

To express the extracellular fragement of hepatoma associated antigen HAbl8G(HAb18GEF) in E. coli efficiently in a non-fusing way, the cDNA of HAb18GEF gene was inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pET21a + . The secondary structure and codon adaptation of translational initiation region (TIR, from-30 to + 39) in mRNA of recombinant vector HAb18GEF/ pET21a + was predicted simultaneously by computer-aided design. Stable Stem-Loop structures and many low-usage codons were detected in mRNA-TIR of non-optimized recombinant HAb18GEF/pET21a + vector. The stability of mRNA-TIR in recombinant HAb18GEF/pET21a + vector was reduced with following methods: (1) optimization of secondary structure (2) optimization of codon adaptation. These optimization were realized by non-continual site-directed mutagenesis without changing any amino acid sequence in TIR. After being checked through restriction endonuclease digestion and confirmed through nucleotide sequencing, the pre-optimized and post-optimized recombinant vectors were transformed into competent E. coli JM109-DE3. The resulted recombinant clones were selected randomly and induced by IPTG at 37 degrees C. The induced production of these recombinants was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, indirect ELISA, Western blot, and cell fractionation assay. The amount of HAb18GEF mRNA was also detected by RNA dot blot between pre-optimized recombinant and post-optimized recombinant. The results revealed that recombinant non-fused vectors HAb18GEF/pET21a + were successfully constructed and optimized in the secondary structure and codon adaptation of TIR respectively. The HAb18GEF was expressed efficiently in a non-fusing way in recombinant E. coli by secondary structure optimization or codon adaptation optimization. Whereas, no expression of HAb18GEF was detected in pre-optimized recombinants. The non-fused expression products-HAb18GEF, mainly as inclusion body in E. coli, yielded highly above 29.3%. A trait of expression HAb18GEF was also detected both in intermembrane space and in culture medium due to over-expression and cell leakage. Difference in non-fused expression level of HAb18GEF between secondary structure optimization and codon adaptation optimization was negligible. No difference in amount of transcribed mRNA of HAb18GEF between the pre-optimized and the post-optimized recombinants was detected. To sum up, it's feasible to express hepatoma associated antigen HAb18GEF in a non-fusing way by reducing the stability of TIR in mRNA.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Basigin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the anatomical retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy(RSN)and standardize the procedure of RSN. Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on 405 consecutive patients underwent anatomical RSN in Our institute from January 2002 to June 2008.There were 232 male and 173 female patients with the average age of(57.2±14.2)years,among whom there were 228 renal cell carcinoma patients accepted RSU,96 and 49 renal pelvic carcinoma and ureteral carcinoma cases accepted retroperitoneoscopic ureteronephrectomy (RSUN) and 32 cases accepted simple RSN due to loss of renal function caused by benign renal discsses.The tadical RSN was performed by dissecting outside Gerota's fascia and in the latent cavities between this fascia and lateral conal fascia in the dorsal side and between this fascia and prerenal fusion fascia in the ventral side,whereas the simple RSN was done inside Gerota's fascia by making direct incision on it and dissecting between this fascia and perirenal adipose tissue.Kidneys and perirenal adipose tissue were completely removed by dissection along several avascular planes around the kidney under the amplified view of laparoscopy. The software SPSS 12.0 was used for the statistical analysis of all data. Results The mean operative time was (132±48)min for radical and simple RSN and (245 ± 62)min for radical RSUN, which included the time for position change and second skin preparation. The medium estimated blood loss was 100 ml(10-2500 ml) and the average drainage volume was 150 ml (0-1152 ml) postoperatively. 15 cases (3. 70%) required blood transfusion with the median volume of 400ml (400-1650 ml). Four cases (0. 99%) were converted to open surgery due to severe adhesion (2 cases), difficult exposure of renal helium (1 case) and severe bleeding (1 case).The mean drainage time was (3. 9±1.8)d, the mean time to first oral intake was (2.7±1.2)d and the mean postoperative hospital stay was (8.6±3. 8)d. Conclusion The anatomical RSN is safe and effective and should be the standard surgical procedure for laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology

A recombinant transfer vector, pBacIL-11, containing hIL-11 cDNA of 546 nucleotides lacking leader sequence was constructed and co-transfected into BmN cells with linearized BmBacPAK(modified BmNPV) DNA for construction of a recombinant baculovirus carrying the hIL-11 gene. Southern hybridization analysis suggested that the recombinant baculovirus DNA contained hIL-11 cDNA fragment. RNA dot blotting demonstrated that the hIL-11 gene was transcribed. The recombinant baculovirus has a strong infectivity to BmN cell line and to silkworm larvae and pupae. Specific hIL-11 bands were detected from all the samples of cell extract, culture supernatant, haemolymph of larvae and pupae by SDS-PAGE analysis. Biological activity of the expressed product was determined with IL-11 dependent B9-11 cell line and by MTT colorimetric assay, which indicated that biologically active rhIL-11 protein was overexpressed in BmN cell line and in silkworm larvae and pupae.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Bombyx ; cytology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Interleukin-11 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Larva ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pupa ; genetics ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the clinical value of detecting BCR/ABL fusion gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The conventional cytogenetic test and detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene by FISH for bone marrow of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloproliferative disease or myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders, acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were carried out. The results showed that (1) out of 46 newly diagnosed as chronic myeloproliferative disease or myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders, 22 cases were diagnosed as CML, the FISH detection showed all positive (100%), while cytogenetic test showed 86.4% (19/22) positive, in the other 24 patients who were diagnosed as other chronic myeloproliferative disease or myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders, BCR/ABL fusion gene all were be detected as negative 100% by FISH, while the cytogenetic test of bone marrow in 3 cases supported the diagnosis of CML, and the diagnosis of myelodysplastic disorder in 1 case; (2) in 3 out of 7 acute lymphocytic leukemia cases the BCR/ABL fusion gene could not be detected by FISH; (3) the BCR/ABL fusion gene could be detected by FISH in 2 cases of CML received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with abnormal threshold 6.5% and 1.2% respectively. It is concluded that the detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene by FISH is sensitive and reliable, which is very important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disease, as well as definite diagnosis of Ph(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This method also has an important significance for monitor of minimal residual disease in CML patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Genes, abl ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Leukemia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Young Adult