OBJECTIVE To improve the professional ability of nosocomial infection managers.METHODS By analyzing the status quo and questions among nosocomial infection managers,we explored the essentiality of professionalism construction of the team of nosocomial infection managers and brought forward a way for it.RESULTS It is necessary to set up a professional education and culture system,improve the related guarantee system and keep the team of nosocomial infection managers in stabilization for strengthening the professionalism construction of the team.CONCLUSIONS It is the objective requirement to promote the construction and development of nosocomial infection discipline that impels professionalism construction of the team of nosocomial infection managers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of department of nosocomial infection management in practice.METHODS It was analyzed the situation that the functional management of department of nosocomial infection in China could not be fully used at present.As far as the main content of nosocomial infection control was concerned,it brought forward the idea of performing the functional management of department of nosocomial infection in practice.RESULTS According to establishing the function of department of nosocomial infection management,strengthening the professional ability,and improving the service,both the effect and quality of nosocomial infection management could be enhanced.CONCLUSIONS The same as medical treatment,scientific research,nursing and logistic management,nosocomial infection management should stick to the legal management,and then its function can be effectively used.

Objective:To determine the effectiveness and validity of morphometric analysis made from dental panoramic tomograms(DPTs) for predicting mandibular bone mineral density(BMD) while taking the result of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) as gold standard.Methods: Twenty healthy subjects(8 male,12 female) with intact dentition,aged from 1126 years old,were included in the present study.The BMD of each patient was measured at the lumbar spine(L1-L4) by DXA;the results were obtained based on the density of surface(g/cm2).Dental panoramic radiography was carried out using dental panoramic tomography(RTG230/ENR,made in Italy).Mandibular cortical thickness(MCT) and panoramic mandibular index(PMI) values were calculated and their relationship with DXA measurements were subjected to correlation analysis.The validity of MCT and PMI measurements were assessed by sensitivity and specificity.Results: We found mandibular BMD was positively correlated with MCT(r=0.268,P

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cat-Scratch Disease ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphadenitis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To develop the clinical application and the method for functional repair in fa- cial nerve defect in parotideetomy of parotid carainoma.Methods Defect of facial nerve in parotidectomy was repaired by transplantation of sternocleidomastoid muscle-great auricular nerve flap with anastomosis of great auricular nerve-facial nerve under microscope.Results Eight eases of facial nerve defect in parotid carcinoma were repaired by this method.The facial nerve function almost recovered and access to normal dur- ing 3 to 6 month after operation in this series.6 of 8 patients achieved a gradeⅡ,2 of 8 patients achieved a gradeⅢ.Conclusion Reconstruction of facial nerve defect using sternocleidomastoid muscle-great auricu- lar nerve flap can provide better blood supply for the plerosis and regeneration of nerve.The nerve flap also ac- celerate the functional recovery after nerve grafting.

Objective To evaluate the results and toxic effects in three dimensional radiotherapy (3DCRT)with late course accelerated hyper-fractionation for advanced esophageal carcinoma.Methods From December 2001 to December 2003,115 patients were randomly divided into two groups:in 3DCRT group,55 patients were given late course accelerated hyper-fractionation radiotherapy to a total close of 66 Gy (2.0 Gy per fraction,5 times per week;to a dose of 36 Gy were changed into 1.5 Gy/f,2 f/d).In CF group,60 patients were given late course accelerated hyper-fractionation radiotherapy to a total dose of 66 Gy.Results The 1-, 2-,3-,4-year survival rates in 3DCRT group were 63.6 %, 50.9 %, 38.2 %, 30.9 % compared to 58.3 %, 38.3 %,33.3 %,23.3 % in CF group(X~2=4.44,P=0.031),and local control rates in 1-,2-,3-,and 4- years in 3DCRT group were 72.7 %,58.1%,47.2 % and 36.3 %,compared to 53.3 %,40 %,28.3 %,and 20 %(X~2=5.33,P=0.013)in CF group.However,in the 3DCRT group,the incidence of acute esophagitis was similar to CF group; hematogenous toxic and acute bronchitis were similar between the two groups. Late course lung injury in CF group was higher than that in 3DCRT group.Conclusion 3DCRT is able to improve the local control rate and survival rate,and unable to improve acute and late radiation toxie effects.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and extent of mononuclear ceils DNA damage in peripheral blood of mice fed with low dose T-2 toxin and Deoxynivalenol(DON) alone or in combination and to explore the long-term toxicity of the toxin at sub-clinical dose. Methods Eighty female Balb/c mice weighing (14.0 ± 1.5)g 3 weeks after birth were divided randomly into control group, T-2 toxin group, DON group and T-2 toxin combined with DON group according to their body weight, 20 in each group. The mice were injected intraperitoneally T-2 toxin(5 μg·kg-1·d-1), DON(20 μg·kg-1·d-1), T-2 toxin(5 μg·kg-1·d-1) combined with:DON (20μg·kg-1·d-1)respectively,control group were treated by isotonic NaCl. In 16 weeks and 21 weeks of exposure, the tail blood of the mice was collected. The comet rate, tail DNA content,tail length and tail extent moment of mouse mononuclear ceils in peripheral blood was observed using single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE). Results ① In T-2 toxin group,tail DNA content,tail length and tail extent moment were (27.71 ± 15.85)%, (13.67 ± 5.56)μm, 4.26 ± 3.83 at 16 weeks and (28.38 ± 15.57)%, (13.83 ± 5.47)μm, 4.37 ± 3.82 at 21 weeks, all levels of the indexes increased. In the control group, the corresponding values were (11.87 ± 4.61)%, (10.59±6.70)μm, 1.34±0.98 at 16 weeks and (11.31 ± 3.94)%, (10.83 ± 7.05)μm, 1.29±1.01 at 21 weeks, the differences in the two groups were significant (all P < 0.05) ;②In DON group, the comet rate of cells, tail DNA content and tail extent moment of comet ceils were 5.62%, (28.13 ±13.31)%, 3.39 ± 2.35 at 16 weeks and 7.71%, (29.17 ± 15.12)%, 5.70 ± 4.17 at 21 weeks. In the control group, the tailing rate was 4.34% at 16 weeks and 4.38% at 21 weeks, the differences in the two groups were significant (all P < 0.05);③In the group of T-2 toxin combined with DON,the comet rate, tail DNA content, tail length and tail extent moment was 6.21%, (30.14 ± 15.48)%, (16.93± 6.58)μm, 5.54 ± 4.22 at 16 weeks and 8.17%, (30.85 ± 15.76)%, (17,21±6.45)μm, 5.70 ± 4.17 at 21 weeks. Moreover, the levels were significantly higher than that in the control group(all P < 0.05). The tail DNA content and length of comet cell tail significantly increased in the combine group compared with T-2 group or DON group(P < 0.05). Conclusions Low dose T-2 toxin or DON can definitely result in DNA damage of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood of mice. The damage induced by T-2 toxin combined with DON is severer than that caused by T-2 toxin or DON alone.

Background Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model is an acceptable model and is often used to the study of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the model is often established using retinal digest preparation in vitro in albino rats,and therefore it is difficult to evaluate the change of retinal vessels by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in vivo.Recently,pigmented rats are being used as the DR model.But the study on the comparison between albino rat model and pigmented rat model is seldom.Objective This study was to observe and compare the manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation in early diabetic pigmented diabetic rat and albino diabetic rat,and to select the right model of DR using FFA.Methods Type 1 diabetic models were induced in 15 six-week-old health male BN rats and 15 six-week-old health male SD rats by the injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) via tail vein.The models were thought to be successful in the rats with the blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.The right eyes of the rats were extracted 6 weeks after injection of STZ.Lens were examined by slit lamp microscope.Retinal vascular changes were examined by fundus photography,FFA and periodic acid Schiff staining of retinal digest preparation.The manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation were contrasted between BN rats and SD rats.The number of eyes with lens opacification was compared by Chi-square test and the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and perithelial cells (E/P) was compared between BN rats and SD rats.The use and care of experimental animals complied the Statement of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medicine University.Results Six weeks after injection of STZ,11 BN rats and 10SD rats were included in this study.The blood levels were (24.73±2.98) mmol/L and (22.36±3.65) mmol/L in BN rats and SD rats,respectively,without significant difference between the 2 types of rats (t =7.873,P＞0.05).Lens opacification occurred in 6 BN rats and in 5 SD rats (P=0.717).FFA showed the clear retinal vascular under the brown background.Evident vessel disorder and fluorescence leakage like background stage of DR were seen in 9 eyes.However,in the SD rats,retinal vessel abnormality could not exhibited owing to the interference of choroid fluorescent light from choroidal vessels and vortex vein.Retinal digest preparation exhibited that unevenness of vessel diameter,decrease of perithelial cells and increase of endothelial cells in both types of rats.The E/P values were 11.50±3.68in the BN rats and 12.86±3.94 in the SD rats,without significant difference between them (t=9.785,P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of fundus vascular morphology can be better displayed in pigmented diabetic rats than albino rats by FFA in vivo.

Antimony ; blood ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods