AIM: To investigate the role of Ca2+ - activated, delayed - rectifier and ATP sensitive K+ channel (KCa, Kdr, KATP) in airway hyperresponsiveness of asthmatic guinea pigs. METHODS: The method of recording the tone of isolated trachea rings was performed, and the changes of dose-response curves of trachea rings to histamine caused by different K+ channel blockade were investigated. RESULTS: (1) After inhibition of KCa, by tetraethylammonium (TEA) , the dose - response curve of trachea rings to histamine did not change in control group, while the maximal contraction of trachea rings to 10-4 mol/L and 10-3 mol/L histamine decreased significantly ( P

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and self?harm/suicide in China from 2006 to 2016. Methods Data in this study are from the datasets of National Death Cause Surveillance from 2006 to 2016 and the National Injury Surveillance Dataset 2016. The age?standardized death rate based on the population census in 2000 was used to describe the trend of suicide over years. This study also described the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and the demographic characteristics, suicide methods and severity of patients who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury in 2016. Results Age?standardized suicide mortality had been declining from 9.23/100 000 in 2006 to 5.33/100 000 in 2016 by 42.25%. Suicide mortality increased with age. In 2016, the suicide mortality in China was 7.05/100 000, and among people over 85 years old was 49.49/100 000. In 2016, the dominant two suicide methods were poisoning (39.12%) and sharp injury (25.62%). The first leading method of suicide in rural population, urban population and young people aged 10?to 17?year?old was poisoning (65.13%), sharp injury (29.90%) and fall (25.47%), respectively. As age increased, the severity of suicide/self?inflicted injury increased. The proportions of serious cases among young people aged 10?to 17?year?old and older people aged 60 years old and above who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury were 4.88% and 26.86%, respectively. Conclusion China's suicide mortality has been declining and special attention should be given to the suicide of old people.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and self?harm/suicide in China from 2006 to 2016. Methods Data in this study are from the datasets of National Death Cause Surveillance from 2006 to 2016 and the National Injury Surveillance Dataset 2016. The age?standardized death rate based on the population census in 2000 was used to describe the trend of suicide over years. This study also described the epidemiological characteristics of suicide death and the demographic characteristics, suicide methods and severity of patients who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury in 2016. Results Age?standardized suicide mortality had been declining from 9.23/100 000 in 2006 to 5.33/100 000 in 2016 by 42.25%. Suicide mortality increased with age. In 2016, the suicide mortality in China was 7.05/100 000, and among people over 85 years old was 49.49/100 000. In 2016, the dominant two suicide methods were poisoning (39.12%) and sharp injury (25.62%). The first leading method of suicide in rural population, urban population and young people aged 10?to 17?year?old was poisoning (65.13%), sharp injury (29.90%) and fall (25.47%), respectively. As age increased, the severity of suicide/self?inflicted injury increased. The proportions of serious cases among young people aged 10?to 17?year?old and older people aged 60 years old and above who sought medical help after committing suicide or self?inflicted injury were 4.88% and 26.86%, respectively. Conclusion China's suicide mortality has been declining and special attention should be given to the suicide of old people.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical efficacy of edaravone combined with Xingnaojing in the treatment of acute severe head injury.METHODS:72 patients with acute severe brain injury were collected from Nov.2008 to Nov.2009 and randomly divided into 2 groups.Treatment group were treated with edaravone and Xingnaojing and control group received edaravone alone.14 days after treatment,APACHE-Ⅱ and GCS score were collected.The overall efficacies of 2 groups were evaluated three months after suffering from injury.RESULTS:The GCS score of treatment group was increased while APACHE-Ⅱ score was decreased,there was statistical significance in difference between 2 groups(P

Objective To discuss the role of EPI-DWI unite ASSET in the detection of hepatic colorectal micrometastasis. Methods 29 patients with hepatic colorectal metastasis were examined with EPI-DWI unite ASSET and EPI-DWI. Results In a lesion detection analysis,the overall detection rate was 93% (58/63) for ASSET-EPI-DWI,and 81% (51/63) for diffusion-weighted MR imaging. ASSET and EPI-DWI was more sensitive than diffusion-weighted MR imaging(P = 0.01 1). Conclusion ASSET-EPI-DWI is superior to diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the detection of hepatic colorectal micrometastasis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,therapies and prognosis in patients with mucosa-assoeiated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in ocular adnexal marginal zone (OAML).Methods A retrospective analysis was made upon clinical data from 21 patients with OAML admitted into Beijing Tongren Hospital from June,2008 to December,2011.Results There were 12 (57.1 ％) men and 9(42.9％) women,with a median age of 57 (23-79) years old.Majority of patients had localized pathological changes.Among them,16 patients (76.2％) were in stage Ⅰ E,and 5 (23.8％) in stage Ⅳ E.Surgical resection as the sole treatment was performed in 13 patients (61.9％),and positron emission tomography CT(PET-CT) imaging demonstrated normal fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake after surgical resection,who were managed with no further therapy.All the 13 patients were followed up for median 14 (5-38) months,and all in complete remission.Combination chemotherapy was given to 8(38.1％) patients.Three patients in stage Ⅰ E treated with COP (cyclophosphamide,vineristine and prednisone) or CHOP (cyclophosphamide,adriamycin,vincristine and prednisone) were all in partial remission.Five patients in stage ⅣE were treated with COP/CHOP in combination with rituximab,and all in complete remission.The 3-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate in the total patients were 100.0％ and 74.9％ respectively.Conclusions The patients with OAML generally have localized disease,show indolent clinical course,and present low lymphoma-related mortality.Surgical resection is a very important treatment in the patients with local disease.Systemic chemotherapy should be considered in patients at advanced stages.Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy can improve the remission rate.

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in remifentanil-induced attenuation of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =15 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R,remifentanil group (group R),naloxone group (group N),and naloxone + remifentanil group (group NR).Renal ischemia was induced by clamping the bilateral renal arteries for 45 min using an atraumatic clamp followed by reperfusion.In groups R and NR,remifentanil was infused at 1.0 μg· kg-1 · min-1 via the caudal vein starting from 15 min before ischemia until 30 min of reperfusion,while groups S,I/R and N received the equal volume of normal saline instead of remifentanil.In groups N and NR,naloxone 0.3 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 20 min before ischemia and at 35 min after ischemia respectively,while groups S,I/R and R received the equal volume of normal saline instead of naloxone.Blood and urine samples were collected from the femoral vein and urinary bladder respectively at 24 h of reperfusion for determination of the levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN),urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT).The rats were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion and the renal tissues were removed for determination of nalondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed with light microscope.Results Compared withgroup S,the levels of serum Cr and BUN,urinary NAG and γ-GT,and MDA were significantly increased,while the activity of SOD was significantly decreased in the other 4 groups ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ) and pathological changes in renal tissues were observed in the other 4 groups.Compared with group I/R,the levels of serum Cr and BUN,urinary NAG and γ-GT levels,and MDA were significantly decreased,while the activity of SOD was significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.01 ),and the pathological changes were reduced in group R,and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in groups N and NR ( P ＞ 0.05).The pathological changes were similar in groups I/R,N and NR.Compured with group R,serum Cr and BUN concentrations,urinary NAG and γ-GT levels and MDA concent were increased,while SOD activity were decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Conclusion Opioid receptors mediate remifentanil-induced attenuation of renal I/R injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the correlation between microalbuminuria (MAU) and obesity and its indexes, including BMI, waist circumference(WC), and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) , among partial community population in Beijing. Methods A total of 2080 subjects who took physical examination in Beijing, including 810 men and 1270 women with a mean age of(50. 9 ± 13. 1 )years, were enrolled. The informed consent has been achieved from each patients. BMI and WHR were calculated based on collected data of height, weight, WC, and hipline. Urine albumin-creatinine ratio(ACR) within the range of 30-300mg/g was classified as MAU. The subjects were divided into normal albuminuria ( NAU ) group and MAU group. The correlations between MAU and different obesity indexes including BMI, WC and WHR, were analyzed. Results Among the 2080 subjects, there was a positive correlation between BMI (r = 0. 1276,P＜0.01) and ACR, and WC (r = 0.0840, P ＜0.01) and ACR. WHR and ACR was irrelevant ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). In univariate analysis, there was significant difference in BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 ( OR = 2. 02 ) and WC ≥85 cm (male) or≥80 cm (female) (OR = 1.69 ) between NAU group and MAU group (P ＜ 0. 05 ).There was no significant difference in BMI 24-＜ 28 kg/m2, and WHR ≥0. 90 (male) or ≥0. 85 (female)between NAU group and MAU group( P≥0. 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI ( OR = 1.06) was an isolated independent risk factor of MAU from age ( OR = 1.01 ), female ( OR = 1.42),systolic blood pressure (OR=1.01), TC (OR=1.93) and HDL-C (OR=0.54). Conclusions Obesity is an independent risk factor of MAU among partial community population in Beijing. The correlation between different obesity indexes and MAU also differs.

Objective To explore a new training method of nursing skills under 24 hours shift system in the practical training base in the college. Methods The practical training base in the college was rebuilt into a simulated hospital. 120 three-year-course nursing students in grade 2007 were divided into the control class and the experimental class with 60 students in each class. The control class adopted routine teaching method, including teacher demonstration, single project training, concentrated training before clinical practice. The experimental class participated in the tutoring mode of nursing skills under 24 hours shift system in simulated hospital. The cases were pre-designed and students acted as patients by tums. One teacher led 4 students into nursing skill training by day shift, evening shift and mid-night shift. The teaching effect was compared between two classes. Results There was significant difference between the two groups in comprehensive technique test and graduation theoretical test score. Clinical nursing teachers thought the skill training in simulated hospital under 24 hours shift system can help students prepare for the nursing work in hospital ahead of time and improve their comprehensive capability. Conclusions Training mode of nursing skills in simulated hospital under 24 hours shift system is feasible for enhancing nursing skills.

Objective To explore the value of dexamethasone(DEX) for neuronal cell injury and death by observing the effect of DEX on excitatory amino acid(EAA) and monoamine neurotransmitter in cerebral tissue of neonatal rat with hypoxia-ischemia.Methods Hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat models were established,the levels of EAA and monoamine neurotransmitter in cerebral tissue were analyzed by using capillary electrophoresis and fluorospectrophotometry method.The rats were divided into 4 groups: small dose DEX group pre-treated with DEX(0.5 mg/kg) prior to hypoxia-ischemia,large dose DEX group pre-treated with DEX(10 mg/kg) prior to hypoxia-ischemia,HIE group and shamful operation group.Results The levels of EAA and monoamine neurotransmitter contents in HIE group were significantly higher than those in shamful operation group(P0.05).EAA contents of large dose DEX group greatly decreased compared with HIE group (P