Objective To describe a novel surgical technique for male long-segment urethral stric- ture after pelvic trauma using the intact and pedieled pendulous urethra to replace the bulbar and membra- nous urethra,and then reconstructing anterior urethra.Methods Three patients with long-segment post- traumatic bulbar and membranous urethral strictures with short left pendulous urethras who had undergone several failed previous surgeries were treated with staged pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty fol- lowed by reconstruction of the anterior urethra.This procedure was divided into 3 stages.The first-stage sur- gery was mobilization of anterior urethra down to the coronary sulcus and then re-routing the prostatic urethra followed by pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty with transposition of penis to perineum.The sec- ond-stage surgery was transecting the anterior urethra at the site of coronary sulcus 6 months later when it was re-vaseularized,then straightening the penis and performing urethroperineostomy.The third-stage surgery was reconstruction of anterior urethra 6 months later.Results Case 1 reported satisfactory voiding postopera- tively.Retrograde urethrography showed that the urethra was patent with no post-voiding residual urine (PVR),and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux almost disappeared.The Qmax was 18.8ml/s,and 18ml/s after the third stage surgery and at 2-year follow-up.Case 2 also had satisfactory voiding.A 22F urethral catheter could smoothly pass through the urethra,and Qmax was 19.5 ml/s with no PVR at 2-year follow-up.Case 3 underwent the first stage surgery through perineal and pubic routes.The urethrorectal and urethroperineal fis- tulas were excised and repaired simultaneously.After operation the fistulas healed,but the stenostomia resul- ting from wound infection needed further treatment.Conclusions This procedure is effective for men with complex long-segment post-traumatic bulbar and membranous urethral strictures,especially for those undergo- ing failed previous surgical treatment.

Objective To investigate the long-term outcome of children with recurrent wheeze and to determine the effectiveness of inhaled hormone therapy. Methods One thousand and thirty-five children with recurrent wheezing were followed up for more than 4 years and the data were retrospectively evaluated. Results Of 1035 cases, 751 (72.56%) patients outgrew their wheeze during the follow-up period, whereas the other 284 (27.44%) patients had recurrence wheeze during the last two years. The age of wheezing onset was<3 years in 542 (52.37%) cases, from 3 to 7 years in 386 (37.29%) cases, and from 7 to 12 years in 107 (10.34%) cases. There was significant difference in clinical control rate among groups with different wheezing ages onset (χ2=45.27, P<0.001). Children with wheezing age onset from 7 to 12 years had the lowest clinical control rate. Among 1035 wheeze children, 343 (79.95%) children in 429 cases who received inhaled hormone therapy for more than one year outgrew their wheeze. Whereas 408 (67.35%) in 606 cases who did not receive inhaled hormone therapy outgrew their wheeze. There was significant difference of clinical control rate between inhaled group and non-inhaled group (P<0.01). Con-clusions The age of wheezing onset is<7 years in 89.66%of children with recurrent wheeze. Most of them can be clinicalycon-trolled. The long term inhaled hoemone therapy for children with recurrent wheeze can reduce the risk of developing adulthood asthma.

Objective To explore clinical significance of immunoglobulin G(IgG) subclass and the relationship with urine enzyme series and four microalbumen in Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN). Methods IgG subclass, urine enzyme series, microal-bumen were detected between 28 cases with HSPN and 20 controls. Results The levels of IgG1, IgG2 in HSPN significantly decreased compared with the normal controls. In addition, the levels of IgG, were negative related to microalbumin(MA) and alkaline phosphalase (ALP) in HSPN, P

Objective To study the COLIXA3 gene polymorphism of patients with fluorosis and to explore the pathogenesis of COLIXA3 gene in endemic fluorosis.Methods Fifty one cases of patients with drinking-water borne fluorosis were selected as the case group in Xinzhou city,Shanxi province and 28 cases of healthy people were as the control group.Dental fluorosis was detected by Dean method and skeletal fluorosis was examined by X-ray.COLIXA3 of exon 5 gene product of 103 points was amplified by PCR and the gene locus genotype was sequenced.Results Ten cases of mild dental fluorosis,14 cases of moderate dental fluorosis,15 cases of severe dental fluorosis were detected among the 51 patients.The control group was free of dental fluorosis.All the 51 cases of patients with fluorosis had varying degrees of skeletal fluorosis,mainly osteosclerosis lesions,accounting for 86.27％(44/51 ),and mild skeletal fluorosis patients were all osteosclerosis lesions,and osteosclerosis lesions and multiple skeletal lesions were found among moderate and severe skeletal fluorosis patients in the case group,while control group had no skeletal fluorosis.The differences between genotypes of frequency distribution of AA,Aa,aa of COLIXA3 of case and control groups were not statistically significant [96.08％(49/51 ),3.92％(2/51 ),0.00％(0/51) and 96.43％(27/28),3.57％(1/28),0.00％(0/28),x2 =0.94,P ＞ 0.05].ConclusionsCOLIXA3 gene polymorphism is not significantly correlated to fluorosis.

OBJECTIVETo express the cloned gene glycoprotein I (gpI) of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Beijing VZV 84-7 strain in insect cells and to purify its expression product.

METHODSThe gene coding for gpI of VZV was amplified from viral DNA by PCR and cloned into baculovirus transfer vector (pBacPAK9), and recombinant transfer vector plasmid pBacVZVgpI was obtained. The inserted gpI gene in the pBacVZVgpI was sequenced. Insect cells Sf 9 were co-transfected with the recombinant transfer vector plasmid pBacVZVgpI and wild type linear baculovirus BacPAK6 (digested with Bsu36I) DNA. The recombinant baculoviruses containing the VZV 84-7 gpI gene was isolated through several rounds of limited dilution. Recombinant protein gpI was expressed in insect cells Sf 9, postinfected with recombinant baculoviruses. The expressed recombinant gpI was purified by lectin affinity chromatography and its antigenicity and immunogenicity were investigated.

RESULTSThe gene coding for gpI of VZV was obtained by PCR and the gpI gene of pBacPAK9 was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The recombinant gpI was expressed in insect cells Sf 9, post-infected with recombinant baculovirus and identified by SDS-PAGE and western blotting, with its product in cell culture reaching the peak in 72 hours and with a molecular mass of 58 kd and 70 kd, the same as theoretical values. Results of immunoassay with cell lysates infected by recombinant baculoviruses indicated that recombinant protein expressed in insect cells had ability of eliciting specific antibodies against native VZV in mice and complement-dependent neutralizing antibodies. The purified recombinant gpI gave a product with a purity of more than 80%. ELISA and Western-blot analysis demonstrated that purified protein had specific VZV antibody-binding activity. This suggested that the recombinant gpI expressed in insect cells had the same biological characteristics as its native counterpart.

CONCLUSIONBaculovirus-insect cells could be used to express the gene of VZV gpI, which could provide a basis for quantitative analysis of VZV antigen, and preparation of its subunit vaccine.

Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Spodoptera ; cytology ; genetics ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification

The purpose of this study is to design push-pull osmotic pump (PPOP) tablets of famotidine using the expert system for the formulation design of osmotic pump of poor water-soluble drug which had been established by the authors. Firstly, the parameters which were requisite of the system input were obtained from literatures and experimental tests. Then the parameters were input into the system, and the program was run. The system displayed the designed formulations sequential. Finally, famotidine PPOP was prepared according to the designed formulations and the in vitro dissolution was carried out. It was found out that the target formulation of famotidine PPOP which could release for 24 hours was obtained in a very short period. Meanwhile, the practicability of the established expert system was proved.
Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Excipients ; chemistry ; Expert Systems ; Famotidine ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Osmosis ; Solubility ; Tablets ; Water

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and the mechanisms of the first-generation histamine H(1)-antagonist diphenhydramine and the second-generation histamine H(1)- antagonist fexofenadine on seizure development of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling in rats.

METHODSThe first-or second-generation histamine H(1)-antagonists and/or histidine were ip injected in rats every 48 h, followed by a subconvulsive dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg). Then the behavioral changes were observed for 30 min after every injection of PTZ. The histamine content of brain was measured spectrofluorometrically.

RESULTCompared with the control group, diphenhydramine (5 mg/kg) significantly augmented the severity of seizure development of PTZ-induced kindling, whereas fexofenadine (5 mg/kg) had no marked influence. The effects of diphenhydramine were antagonized by histidine, the precursor of histamine.

CONCLUSIONSeizure development of PTZ-induced kindling is promoted by the first-but not the second generation histamine H(1)-antagonists via the blockade of brain histamine H(1)-receptor.

Animals ; Histamine ; physiology ; Histamine H1 Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating ; pharmacology ; Histidine ; pharmacology ; Kindling, Neurologic ; drug effects ; Male ; Pentylenetetrazole ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures ; chemically induced

This paper described the preparation and liver targeting traits of new solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing floxuridinyl dibutyrate (FUDRB) modified with beta-D-galactosides (G2). FUDRB-SLN and FUDRB-G2SLN were prepared by thin layer ultrasonic technique. Transmission electron microscopy micrograph analysis demonstrated that the particle sizes of FUDRB-SLN and FUDRB-G2SLN were (137.5 +/- 11.1) nm and (95.0 +/- 10.7) nm. Drug loading were 9.64% and 8.56%, and entrapment efficiency were 99.81% and 96.23%, respectively. The concentrations of floxuridine (FUDR) in serum and some organs (liver, kidney and lung) were determined by RP-HPLC after iv administration of SLN. FUDR release was confirmed, and a significant enrichment of SLN modified with G2 was observed in liver with G2 complex (targeting rates of SLN-G2 was 8.28 for liver) in comparison with FUDR-sol (targeting rate was 2.56). FUDR could be detected in liver in mice at 480 min after iv administration of FUDRB-G2SLN. These results suggested that incorporation of G2 (4%-5%, g/g) into SLN enhanced the liver targeting-ability of FUDRB. SLN containing G2 could be a useful drug carrier system for liver targeting.
Animals ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Floxuridine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Galactosides ; chemistry ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Tissue Distribution

ObjectiveTo investigate the arsenic level in saliva and its relationship with arsenic in urine and drinking water in endemic arsenism area in Shanyin county of Shanxi province.MethodsSeventy individuals from four villages in endemic arsenicosis area in Shanyin county Shanxi provence were selected as research subjects.“The National Diagnosis Standard for Endemic Arsenism” (WS/T211-2001 ) was used to identify and categorize the cases of arsenicosis during the survey.Urine,saliva samples from all individuals and water samples from their families were collected.Total arsenic in saliva,urine and drinking water samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry-230 (AFS-230).ResnltsThe median of arsenic in drinking water samples was 127.22 μg/L,and 66.67％ (28/42) of samples' arsenic levels exceeded the drinking water standard,37 individuals had varying degrees of skin lesions among the 70 residents.There was a significant difference of the arsenic concentration in saliva and urine of the residents exposed to different levels of arsenic in drinking water (F =28.643,10.226,all P＜ 0.05).Arsenic levels were positively correlated significantly (r =0.674,0.686,all P＜ 0.05) between water and saliva,urinary.Saliva and urinary arsenic levels were highly correlated (r =0.794,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,arsenic in saliva and urine,water arsenic,skin symptoms were closely related, and the levels of arsenic were significantly different statistically between symptomatic group and asymptomatic group (t =- 3.194,- 4.167,- 4.938,all P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionsSalivary arsenic is significantly correlated with water arsenic and also with skin symptoms of patients with arsenic poisoning,which suggests that salivary arsenic is a potential useful biomarker for assessing human exposure to arsenic.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of chronic epilepsy on spatial memory retrieval in rats, and to evaluate the effects of TAK-147, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and histidine, the precursor of histamine, on the amnesia induced by epilepsy.

METHODSAfter successfully trained in the 8-arm (4-arm baited) radial maze, the rats were ip injected with a subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) every 48 h until fully kindled. Memory retrieval was tested at the same maze.

RESULTImpairment of memory retrieval was in a steady state 1 to 18 days after fully kindled, the ability of memory retrieval returned to the control level 31 days after fully kindled. TAK-147 showed an ameliorating effect on memory impairment induced by epilepsy, including reference and working memory in a dose-dependent manner. Histidine only ameliorated reference but not working memory.

CONCLUSIONPTZ-kindled seizure impair spatial memory retrieval, which it might be due to a decrease of brain acetylcholine and histamine induced by epilepsy.

Animals ; Benzazepines ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epilepsy ; psychology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Memory Disorders ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Pentylenetetrazole ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley