Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital acquired infection in neonatal intensive care unit with high incidence in China. There is no diagnostic gold standard of VAP. The risk factors include premature birth, low birth weight, dura-tion of mechanical ventilation, episodes of intubation, blood stream infections. The recommended precautions include rising head of bed, closed tracheal suction, sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, improvement of mechanical ventilation, oral and skin care, hand hygiene. However, it is controversial that sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, passive humidifiers, oral and skin care can reduce the incidence of VAP.

Autophagy is an important pathway in the body to remove damaged cell organelles and dysfunctional proteins to maintain protein equilibrium and intracellular homeostasis by the lysosomal system .As a degenerative disease of central nervous system , the main feature of Alzheimer ’ s disease is abnormal protein aggregation .However , the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer ’ s disease is not fully clear yet .The aim of this paper is to take β-amyloid peptide as a starting point to explore the relationship between autophagy and β-amyloid peptide in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the expression of CD_(21) on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in different age periods.Methods All the cases was divided into newborn group,infant group and children group.The expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocytes were analyzed by the flow cytometry.Results 1.The number of CD_(21) on B lymphocytes of newborn group were obviously lo-(wer) than those in other two groups;and with growth of a child,the numer tended to grow up.2.Mean fluorescence intension(MFI),the expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte,also had the characteristic of increase with the age.Conclusions With the growing up of a child,the expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte has the tendency of up-regulation;which conforms to the feature of immune system development in childhood.Because of the higher expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte in certain age,it has the sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus infection for children.

Objective To explore post-operative treatment and intensive care of infants with congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods Clinical data of post-operative treatment and intensive care in 264 infants with CHD were analyzed retrospectively from May.1998 to Apr.2006.Among them,256 cases underwent radical operation,and 8 cases with palliative operation.Results Sixteen cases died early.Among them,after operation,there were 8 cases with Fallot′s syndrome,2 cases with complete atrioventricular canal anomalous,3 cases with ventricular septal defect(VSD)and pulmonary hypoplasia(PH),1 case with tricuspid atresia,1 case with single ventricle,and 1 case with persistent truncus arteriosus.Causes of death include low cardiac output,acute renal failure,degree of Ⅲ atrioventricular block(AVB),lung infection,respiratory failure and arrhythmia.One case with complete pulmonary vein ectopia was discharged due to post-opertative refractory hypercapnia;1 case with atrial septal defect(ASD)and patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) died of refractory heart failure due to high pulmonary arterial pressure 1 year after operation;1 case with tetralogy of Fallot died of lung hemorrhage after radical correct operation followed by palliative outflow tract deo-ppilant operation.Of them 245 cases alive,there were 233 cases with heart function grade Ⅰ,12 cases with grade Ⅱ.Conclusion Correct management of respiratory system,systemic electrocardial care,handling with arrhthymia on time,low cardiac output and nutritional support are the important measures in improving survival rate of infants with CHD.

Objective To investigate the influence of discontinuance of methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) on 24 h radioactive iodine uptake(RAIU) in normal rats.Methods A total of 66 female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups by simple random sampling method.MMI group (30 rats) received MMI with a dose of 0.6 mg·ml-1·d-1 orally for 2 weeks, PTU group (30 rats) received PTU with a dose of 6 mg·ml-1·d-1 orally for 2 weeks.At 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 d after MMI or PTU was discontinued, 6 rats were sacrificed to measure 24 h RAIU respectively.The control group (6 rats) received normal saline with a dose of 1 ml/d orally for 2 weeks, and then they were sacrificed to measure 24 h RAIU too.Data were analyzed with two-sample t test or t′ test.Results Thyroid 24 h RAIU in normal rats was (14.6±4.3)%.The 24 h RAIU on 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 d was (4.6±0.7)%, (24.2±7.2)%, (13.1±2.9)%, (14.1±2.6)%, (16.1±3.7)% respectively after MMI withdrawal.The 24 h RAIU was significantly lower than that in control group at day 1 (t′=5.55, P<0.01), higher at day 3 (t=-2.83, P<0.05), and returned to the normal level at day 5, 7, 9 (t=0.68, 0.24,-0.67, all P>0.05).The 24 h RAIU on 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 d was (1.9±0.8)%, (3.3±1.2)%, (7.7±2.4)%, (29.0±4.0)%, (17.1±4.8)% respectively after PTU withdrawal.It was lower than that in control group (t=7.01, 6.10, 3.40, all P<0.05) at day 1, 3, 5, and higher at day 7 (t=-5.97, P<0.01).The 24 h RAIU of 9 d showed no difference when compared with that in control group (t=-0.95, P>0.05).Conclusions MMI and PTU can inhibit the iodine uptake of thyroid, the 24 h RAIU returns to normal level at day 5 after withdrawal of MMI and at day 9 after withdrawal of PTU in euthyroid rats.

Cells, Cultured ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Styrene ; adverse effects

AIM:To study the correlation of serum uric acid ( UA) level with carotid plaques and arterial stiff-ness in the patients with essential hypertension ( EH) , and to explore the predictive value of serum UA for evaluating EH preclinically .METHODS:A total of 92 patients with EH and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled .The value of UA and other indicators were detected .B-mode ultrasound examination was performed to measure the common carotid artery intima -media thickness ( IMT) and the sites of plaque in the internal carotid-artery, external carotid artery and carotid bifurca-tions.Carotid-femoral arterial pulse wave velocity ( CFPWV) was assessed by Complior?atherosclerosis measurement in-strument.RESULTS:The serum level of UA in the patients with EH was higher than that in control group [(361.51 ± 83.81) μmol/L vs (317.03 ±62.22) μmol/L, P<0.05].The mean value and abnormal rate of IMT between hyperten-sion group and control group were significant difference [(0.69 ±0.14) mm vs (0.60 ±0.12) mm, 42.39%vs 10.00%, P<0.05].In 92 EH patients, 45 cases had carotid plaques .These 45 cases were divided into 3 groups according to the plaque severity, among which the serum UA level had statistically significant differences [(285.25 ±78.41) μmol/L, (341.19 ±63.99) μmol/L and (401.33 ±88.49) μmol/L, P<0.05].Compared with rigid plaque group ( n=34), the serum UA level in soft plaque group (n=11) was significantly higher [(389.00 ±69.45) μmol/L vs (323.03 ± 72.71) μmol/L, P<0.05].A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that age ( r=0.414), systolic blood pressure (r=0.224), pulse pressure (r=0.270) and uric acid (r=0.219) were predisposed factors for higher CFP-WV (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:UA is one of the risk factors causing hypertension .Serum UA level may reflect the sever-ity and stability of carotid plaques .The increased arterial stiffness is closely related to the increased serum UA level in EH .

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly seen functional intestinal disorder. Dietary factors are important factors affecting the abdominal symptoms of IBS patients. Aims:To investigate the effect of dietary factors on abdominal symptoms of IBS and the application of dietary adjustment strategy in patients lived in Xian,Shaanxi Province and the surrounding areas. Methods:Fifty-four outpatients with abdominal complaints who met the Rome Ⅲ criteria of IBS from Feb. 2015 to Jul. 2015 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University were enrolled. Twenty healthy volunteers were served as controls. All subjects completed a questionnaire containing issues mainly on IBS symptoms, eating habits,dietary factors causing abdominal symptoms,and the patients’coping styles. Results:Compared with healthy controls,more rice and less spicy food,fatty food,raw/ cold food,acidic beverages and alcohol drinking were observed in diet of IBS patients(P all < 0. 05). Abdominal symptoms of IBS patients could be caused or exacerbated predominantly by cold food(55. 6% ),fatty food(55. 6% ),raw food(48. 1% ),meat(48. 1% )and spicy food (40. 7% ). More than half of the IBS patients(63. 0% ) adopted an elimination diet to minimize their abdominal symptoms. Spicy food(59. 3% ),raw food(48. 1% ),cold food(44. 4% ),fatty food(44. 4% )and meat(37. 0% ) were the most frequently eliminated classes of food. Conclusions:Dietary factors can affect the abdominal symptoms of IBS in patients lived in Xian,Shaanxi Province and the surrounding areas and elimination diet based on foods they perceive as problematic is widely used. The classes of food and eating habits causing abdominal symptoms are quite different between domestic and overseas IBS patients.

Objective: To discuss the neurobiochemical mechanism of Lidan Bushen Granules in treating saturnine children. Methods: Saturnine rats model was established by intragastric, and was treated with Lidan Bushen Granules for 5 weeks. The acetylcholine and excitatory amino acids of hippocampus in saturnine rats were measured. Results: Compared with the normal group, the ACH and EAA contents of hippocampus in model group rats were dramatically lower (P