Objective To evaluate the synergy effect of Meropenem and Sulbactam combination against Meropenem-resistant and Meropenem-susceptible A.baumannii in vitro and optimize combination ratio of Meropenem and Sulbactam to achieve best synergy effect.Methods Evaluating the synergy effect of Meropenem and Sulbaetam combination through microdilution checkerboard method against Meropenemresistant and Meropenem-susceptible A.baumannii,isolated from inpatients of Chinese hospitals.Assessing the synergy effect of combination in different ratios of Meropenem to Sulbactam.Results The checkerboard method with the combination of Meropenem and Sulbactam demonstrated 25.0％ ( 10/40 ) synergism,67.5％ (28/40) partial synergism,7.5％ (3/40) additive,no indifference and antagonism in Meropenemsusceptible isolates,and 27.5％ (11/40) synergism,40.0％ (16/40) partial synergism,25.0％(10/40) additive,no indifference and antagonism in Meropenem-resistant isolates.Eleven Meropenemresistant isolates which showed synergism in synergy test were tested for MICs of combination of Meropenem and Sulbactam,using ratios of 4∶ 1,2∶ 1,1∶1 and 1∶2,and the MIC90 were 64∶ 16,64∶ 32,32∶32,32∶64 μg/ml,respectively.Conclusions Meropenem and Sulbactam combination show synergism or partial synergism against most A.baumannii isolates.The optimal ration of combination for clinical use may be 1∶ 1.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the CHCl3 and EtOAc extracts from Artemisia frigida.Methods The chemical constituents in A.frigida.were isolated with silica gel and LH-20 chromatography and their structures were identified by means of spectra,in same cases by direct comparison with authentic samples.Results Thirteen compounds were obtained and identified as quercetin(Ⅰ),luteolin(Ⅱ),5,7,3'-triterhydroxy-4'-methoxy flavone(Ⅲ),5,7,3'-triterhydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxy flavone(Ⅳ),5,3'-dihydroxy-6,7,4'-tritermethoxy flavone(Ⅴ),5,3'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxy flavone(Ⅵ),methyl phenol(Ⅶ),7-hydroxy coumarin(Ⅷ),7-methoxy coumarin(Ⅸ),caffeic acid(Ⅹ),?-sitosterol(Ⅺ),6,7-dihydroxy coumarin(ⅩⅡ),and 7-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy coumarin(ⅩⅢ).Conclusion All these compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To observe the correlation between the changes of neural cell apoptosis arid caspase-3 gene expression in brain tissues following acute severe traumatic injury to brain(TIB).Method A total of 120 adult Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(n=8)，TIB group(n=56)and TIB with administration of caspase-3 inhibitor group(n=56).TIB models of rats were made with Feeney's method.The z-DEVDfmk(5 μg)，caspase-3 inhibitor，was administered by intracerebral infusion，and the rats were sacrificed 1，6，24，48 hours and 3，7，14 days postinjury(n=8 for each interval).The specimens of the injured cerebral cortex，suhcerticai white matter，hippocampus，dentate gyrus and contrahteral corresponding brain tissues were taken for detecting apoptesis of neural cells by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated DUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)methods and flow cytomeay.Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression were detected by using RT-PCR，immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.The caspase-3 activity was detected by using caspase-3 fluorescent assay kit.Student t-test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data with SPSS version 10.1 software package.Results Apoptesis indexes(AI)and the apoptesis percentage(AP)of neural cells in the injured brain regions increased quickly after injury，and reached its peak 24 to 48 hours later，then decreased slowly,but it remained at higher level above that of normal till 14 days later(P＜0.01).The levels of caspase-3 mRNA,eastme-3 protein and caspase-3 activity were increased significantly post injury，and reached its peak at 24 to 48 hours，then it gradually decreased.Compared with control group，the levels ofoptical density of caspase-3 proteins in the injured hippocampus and subcortical white matter at 24 and 48 hours post injury increased 1484% and 1690%，caspase-3 mRNA expressiom increased 1043%and 1180%，and the degreas of caspase-3 activity increased 148% and 183%，respectively.The expression of caspase-3 proenzyme and its P17 subarrit increased.After trealment with caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk，the levels of caspase-3 mRNA，protein expression and caspase-3 activity were significantly decreased.and AI and AP were significantly decreased as well.The correlation between caspase-3 mRNA and level of neural apoptesis was positive(r=0.821，P＜0.01)，and it was likewise between caspase-3 protein and level of neural apoptosis(r=0.638.P＜0.01).Interestingly enough，a positive correlation was found between caspase-3 mRNA and easpase-3 proteins(r=0.945，P＜0.01).Conclusions The activation of caspase-3 leads to apoptosis of neural cells after acute TIB.The expression of caspase-3 are consistent with apoptosis of neural cells following TIB.The regulation of caspase-3 induced by TIB occurs at a ceriain critical link before transduction.Caspase-3 inhibitor can efficiently inhibit apoptosis of neural cells following TIB.

Objective To investigate the relationship of cellular immunity of the hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) children and the disease severity and the variation following the recovery of disease.Methods A total of 560 HFMD cases was collected,and divided into severe and common groups.Another 120 cases were collected for comparison.T cell subsets (CD3 +,CD4 +,and CD8 +) rates were tested.The difference in cell immunity in each group were compared,and the comparison of cell immunity improv-ment during acute and recovery periods was conducted at the same time.Results In the 560 cases of children with HFMD,CoxA16-positive rate in common group was higher than that in severe group (x2 =280.72,P ＜0.01,severe cases); EV71 and other virus positive rates in severe group were higher than that in common group (x2 =127.75,P ＜ 0.01,x2 =5.43,P ＜ 0.05).Cell immunity was compared among3 groups (t =9.82,4.98,3.06); CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ results,tested within 2h after admission and after 1 week,were compared between severe and common groups (common group t =7.73,3.86,4.71; severe group t =6.13,2.60,3.36).Compared to severe group,cell immunity improvement was more obvious between before and after 1-week treatment in common group (t =2.57,2.51,2.95).The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions According to the etiology test of children with HFMD,CoxA16-positive rate was higher in common group; EV71 and other virus positive rates were higher in severe group.Cell immunity function decreased in severe and common group at the beginning of the disease; it was,however,significantly restored after 1-week treatment; and it was related to the severity of clinical symptoms.

Objective To explore the correlation between-173G/C gene polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) and Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP),Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) in children in Jiangxi Province.Methods One hundred and thirty-one ethnic Han children with HSP were enrolled,including 80 children with concurrent nephritis(HSPN group) and 51 children without nephritis(HSP without nephritis group).One hundred and five healthy children were used as the healthy control group.Germline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood by Promega blood genomic DNA kit.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) was used for genotyping the-173G/C polymorphism of MIF.Genotype distribution and allele frequencies were obtained by direct counting.Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 11.5 software.Allele and genotype distribution were compared by using the chi-square test.The relative risk of allele was described by odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence intervals(95%CI).Results Three genotypes(GG,GC,CC) were detected in MIF-173 G/C.GG,GC genotypes were detected in HSP without nephritis and healthy control group.GG,GC and CC genotypes were detected in HSPN group.Mutant genotype(37.5%) and C allele frequency(20.0%) in HSPN group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group(20.0% and 10.0%,respectively)(?2=6.964,7.400,Pa

Objective To evaluate the using of either 225 or 150 microgrammes of mifepristone combined with misoprostol for termination of second-trimester gestation(16～24 weeks).Methods 180 women requesting voluntary induced abortion during gestation 16～24 weeks were randomised to three groups,group 1:oral mifepris- tone 225rag,group 2:oral mifepristone 150mg,and group 3:injected 100rag rivanot by amniocentestis.The total suc- cess rate,once success rate,the interval of having-medicine to uterine-constraction,the volume of bleeding within 2 hours after labour and cervical laceration rate were observed.Results The once success rate of induced labour in group 1 was higher than that in group 2 and group 3(P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of saxagliptin tablets in Chinese schizophrenia patients complicated with T2DM. METHODS: Ten male schizophrenia patients complicated with T2DM were enrolled. The protocol was to afford multi-dose of 5 mg qd for 7 d. The blood samples were collected up to 12 h after the oral administration. The plasma concentrations of saxagliptin were determined by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The levels of blood glucose were also measured. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 3.2.4 software. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of saxagliptin after multi-dose of 5 mg qd were as follows: ρmax was (16.27 ± 9.28) μg · L^-1, tmax was (1.70 ± 0.48) h, t1/2 was (3.33 ± 0.59) h, AUC0-12 was (45.19 ± 18.67) μg · h · L^-1, AUC0-∞ was (49.15 ± 19.71) μg · h · L^-1, respectively. No significant correlation of plasma concentration and blood glucose was observed. CONCLUSION: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of saxagliptin are in the normal range among Chinese schizophrenia patients complicated with T2DM. The clinical use of the drug is generally safe, while the control of blood glucose was not effective enough for patients with great fluctuation.

p-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be oxidized by hydroxyl radicals ( · OH) to produce electroactive 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA). Therefore, it can be used as a probe to detect ·OH. In this work, 3,4-DHBA/ PPy / TiO2 molecularly imprinted polymer film was prepared for indirect determination of ·OH based on its recognition ability for 3,4-DHBA. The sensor was constructed by using pyrrole as the functional monomer and 3, 4-DHBA as the template molecule. The sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscope and different electrochemical methods. The preparation and determination conditions, such as the electropolymerization cycle number, pH value in the electropolymerization process, and elution time, were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, a linear range of 1. 0×10-8-1. 0×10-6 mol/ L was obtained for 3,4-DHBA and the detection limit was down to 4. 2×10-9 mol/ L (S / N = 3). This new approach was of low cost and convenience, and was successfully applied to measure the concentration of ·OH in the atmosphere.

OBJECTIVEAmbroxol induces the synthesis of surfactant in lung alveolar type II cells. Some studies have shown its effectiveness for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two different ways of ambroxol administration, ie, intravenous injection and atomizing inhalation, for the prevention of RDS in preterm infants.

METHODSA total of 125 preterm infants born between 28-37 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned into three groups: Intravenous and Atomizing ambroxol treatment groups (n=40 each) or Control group (n=45). The Intravenous group was injected with 15 mg/kg of ambroxol through the umbilical vein immediately after birth and then received 30 mg/kg of ambroxol daily for 2 days by intravenous drip. The Atomizing group was administered with 30 mg/kg of ambroxol daily for 2 days by atomizing inhalation immediately after birth. The Control group received no ambroxol treatment. The incidences of RDS and complications as well as the blood gas results 6 hrs after birth were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe incidence of RDS was 7.5%, 5.0% and 24.4% in the Intravenous, Atomizing and Control groups respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of RDS between the two ambroxol treatment groups. However, the incidence of RDS in the two treatment groups were noticeably lower than in the Control group (P < 0.05). The blood gas results did not show significant differences between the two ambroxol treatment groups but both groups demonstrated improved blood gas results compared with the Control group at 6 hrs after birth (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications, such as pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory failure, intraranial hemorrhage, in the two ambroxol treatment groups was reduced compared with the Control group (P < 0.05), but there were no differences between the two ambroxol groups.

CONCLUSIONSEarly administration of either intravenous or atomizing ambroxol can produce a positive efficacy for the prevention of RDS in preterm infants. The two different ways of administration seem to result in a similar efficacy in the prevention of RDS.

Administration, Inhalation ; Ambroxol ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; metabolism ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; prevention & control

Objective To investigate the activation, distribution, origin, and expression of hepatic stem cells(HSC)in different histological types of primary liver carcinomas. Methods The histological and immunohistochemical features of 94 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 12 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and 10 cases of mixed hepatocarcinoma were examined by HE staining and immunohistochemistry SP method, with 5 cases of sclerotic liver and 4 cases of normal liver tissues as control. Results HSC expression was observed and the transfor mation from HSC to carcinoma cell was also noted in the liver. CK7, CK19, c-kit, Thy-1, and AFP were found expressed in different types of hepatic carcinomas and the greatest intensive expression was found in the mixed hepatocarcinoma (P