Objective To explore the anti‐cancer effects of physiological deep‐sea water(PDSW) combined with hyperther‐mia for hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro .Methods Deep‐sea water (DSW) from the south Chinese sea was processed ,and made in‐to PDSW ,detection of some elements .In vitro ,the cultured normal liver cells and human hepatoma QGY‐7703 cells were randomly divided into PDSW group and normal saline(NS) group ,the NS group received saline ,the PDSW group received different concentra‐tions of PDSW .Two groups were heated respectively to 6 h of 40 ℃ or 1 h of 43 ℃ ,24 ,48 ,72 h after the administration of PDSW or saline ,the normal liver cells and QGY‐7703 cells proliferation capacity and toxicity were investigated by MTT assay .At the same time testing PDSW and NS in 40 ℃ 6 h for 10 d state of human liver QGY‐7703 cell clone formation rate .Results The results of MTT assay showed that tumor inhibitory rate were time and concentration dependent in tow groups .Tumor inhibitory rate of PD‐SW group in different time was significantly higher than NS group (P<0 .05) .On the other hand ,the inhibitory of hepatocyte for PDSW group in different time were significantly lower than NS group .In addition ,the clone formation rate of PDSW group was lower than those of NS group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion PDSW can improve the heat tolerance of normal liver cells .When combine with heat ,it can obviously inhibit the growth of human liver cancer QGY‐7703 cells .

Objective:To explore the effects of lower concentrations of ropivacaine on ultrasound-guided nerve block in pediatric orthopedic surgery.Methods:Using a retrospective study method, 75 children who underwent orthopedic surgery at Wu Jiang District Children′s Hospital from May 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into Group A (25 cases, 0.15% ropivacaine nerve block), Group B (25 cases, 0.20% ropivacaine nerve block) and Group C (25 cases, 0.25% ropivacaine nerve block). The heart rate; mean arterial pressure; onset time of anesthesia; analgesic maintenance time; recovery time of movement and sensation; child face, legs, activity, cry, consolability behavioral tool (FLACC) score at 2 h after surgery; adverse reactions incidence of postoperative local anesthetic drugs were compared.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the physical indicators of heart rate and mean arterial pressure among the three groups ( P>0.05). As the concentration of ropivacaine increased, the onset time of anesthesia in the three groups of children was shortened: (11.04 ± 1.02) vs. (10.44 ± 1.04) and (7.16 ± 0.85) min, and the differences between the three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in the analgesic maintenance time among the three groups ( P>0.05). As the concentration of ropivacaine increased, the recovery time of movement and sensation was increased: (194.64 ± 20.43) min vs. (207.72 ± 22.34) and (250.32 ± 30.18) min, (176.44 ± 16.18) min vs. (189.24 ± 20.66) and (224.08±29.56) min, and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FLACC scores among the three groups of patients at 2 h after surgery ( P>0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in Group A was lower than that in Groups B and C: 4% (1/25) vs. 24% (6/25) and 52% (13/25), and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The 0.15% ropivacaine used for ultrasound-guided nerve block in pediatric orthopedic surgery can achieve good anesthesia effects with low incidence of adverse reactions, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To establish detection limit and clinical reportable range for detection of anti-HBs by chemiluminescence method and evaluate by clinical application.Methods Referring to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) relevant documents,the programme of blank limit (LoB),detection limit (LoD),quantitative detection limit (LoQ),analytical range of measurement (AMR),clinical reportable range (CRR) for detection of anti-HBs by chemiluminescence method,were designed and measured.The established clinical reportable range and maximum dilution were used to predict the recovery stage of acute hepatitis B patients and to evaluate the effectiveness of different vaccines.Results LoB,LoD,LoQ,AMR and CRR for detection of anti-HBs by chemiluminescence method were 0.87,1.89,3.0,0～970.50 and 3.0 ～48 525 mIU/ml respectively,and the maximum dilution was 1 ∶ 50.The patient with acute hepatitis B showed elevated anti-HBs at fourth weeks after treatment (CRR).The anti-HBs mean was the highest in the B vaccine of the three vaccines.Conclusion The establishment of detection limit and clinical reportable range for detection of anti-HBs by chemiluminescence method was better meet the requirements of clinical laboratories,provide reliable results for clinical laboratories.

The object of this study was to explore the effects of Panax notoginosides (PNS) on proliferation and differentiation of human CD34(+) stem/progenitor cells. CD34(+) cells were isolated from human bone marrow by using immune beads of Dynal M- 450 system. The cells were exposed to PNS at different concentrations in both liquid and semi-solid culture for 14 days. The cells were marked with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry after culture. The CFU-Mix colony formation from CD34(+) cells was assayed. The results showed that: (1) The yield of CD34(+) cells after being selected by immune beads were (1.03 +/- 0.74)% out of bone marrow nuclear cells with purity of 86% - 93%. (2) PNS (10 - 25 mg/L) stimulated the proliferation of CD34(+) cells, and raised the colony numbers of CFU-Mix obviously in vitro. PNS 25 mg/L was the optimal concentration to promote proliferation of CD34(+) cells, the increasing rate of CFU-Mix colony was (34.7 +/- 16.0)%. (3) The differentiation of CD34(+) cells was induced by exposure to PNS (25, 50 and 100 mg/L) in liquid culture for 14 days. The percentages of CD33(+) and CD15(+) cells were increased after PNS exposure, which were significantly higher than those of control (P < 0.01), however CD71(+) and G-A(+) cells were no obviously difference after PNS treatment. In conclusion, Panax notoginosides not only promote the proliferation of CD34(+) cells, but also induce the differentiation committed to granulocytes.
Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lewis X Antigen ; analysis ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) belongs to the transmembrane glycoprotein receptor family. Overexpression of HER2 could directly lead to tumorigenesis and metastasis. This phenomenon could be observed in the breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. Compared with the conventional chemotherapy, the targeted treatment of antibody is more specific and has lower side effects. This review describes the current status of monotherapy and combination therapies of anti-HER2 antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, with chemotherapeutic drugs. The development trends of new formats of anti-HER2 antibody drugs such as bispecific antibody, immunotoxin are also discussed.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; therapeutic use ; Immunotoxins ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Trastuzumab

Monoclonal antibody-targeted therapy has been a hot spot in current clinical cancer treatment. As current antibody drugs have large molecule sizes leading to poor tissue penetration, and high dosage in clinical application leading to high cost, to overcome the problems, the development of new antibody drugs with miniaturization and high potency has become a new trend. In recent years, the conjugates of monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxins, called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), have entered the arsenal of anti-cancer drugs, becoming a new format of antibody drugs and attracting extensive attentions. The ADC molecule usually consists of antibody, linker and effector molecule. According to different effector molecules, ADCs can be divided into three categories as chemo-conjugates, immunotoxins and radio-conjugates. When ADC molecules are internalized into cancer cells, cytotoxins will be released by chemical, enzyme degradation or by action of lysosomal proteases, then kill targeted cells by inhibiting protein synthesis, depolymerizing microtubules or breaking double-strand DNA. Recently, two ADC drugs have been approved by the US FDA and more ADC drug candidates are in clinical phase II or III trials which show significantly clinical effects and attracting much attention and competition of pharmaceutical enterprises. In this review, antibody conjugates in the past and present will be summarized and the future development trends and challenges of this type of antibody drugs will be discussed.
Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Immunotoxins ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Radioimmunotherapy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo determine the expression level changes of survivin, a inhibitor of apoptosis protein, followed by activation of insulin receptors in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line, and to investigate the signalling pathway involved in the regulation.

METHODSHuman hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were treated with insulin alone or pre-treated with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K signalling pathway, to determine whether blocking PI3K signaling can attenuate the up-regulation of survivin expression. Real time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to measure survivin mRNA and protein changes before and after treatment, respectively.

RESULTSWithout serum supplement, HepG2 cells expressed a small amount of survivin. Insulin induced survivin expression in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Survivin expression was blocked if cells were pre-treated with LY294002 prior to insulin stimulation.

CONCLUSIONInsulin induces survivin expression via PI3K signalling pathway, suggesting that to interfere the key gene in this signalling pathway may block survivin expression, therefore, promoting apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Apoptosis ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation

Objective To determine the potential sources of food safety risk and food safety related awareness of employees in the farmer markets in Yangpu District of Shanghai, and to provide evidence for food safety management. Methods The investigation on food safety and food-borne disease knowledge were conducted in 13 farmer markets in Yangpu District, and to assess the impact of employees′ behavior on food safety. Results A total of 368 employees in the 13 farmer markets were included in the study.Employees with high school education and above had better knowledge of food safety (P < 0.001).There was significant difference in the physical examination and habit of smoking in public places among the employees with different education levels.In addition, the employees in various positions in the markets differed significantly in the knowledge of food safety and behavior, such as taking physical examination, washing hands before meal and continuing working when feeling sick. Conclusion Food safety related risk in the farmer markets in Yangpu District mainly originates from the inadequate knowledge of the employees with low education levels, which further affects their behavior.Market management should strengthen the training of food safety related knowledge in the employees and advocate healthy behavior, such as taking physical examination and stop smoking, which contributes to creating a healthy work and shopping environment.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features and prognosis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and autoimmune liver diseases (ALD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical manifestation and prognosis was performed in patients with ALD or without ALD during the three years (February 2014 to December 2017). RESULTS: Totally, 203 patients with pSS were included in this study, 68 patients had ALD (31 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, 37 patients with primary biliary cholangitis), while 135 patients did not have ALD. There were no differences between the two groups regarding age, gender, clinical manifestations, such as dry mouth, dry eyes, pain, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, glandular swelling, cutaneous involvement, lung involvement, and renal involvement, and the incidence rate of other autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis. There were also no differences in the titer of antinuclear antibody (ANA), the positive rates of anti-Sjögren's syndrome A antibody (SSA), SSA52, and anti-Sjögren's syndrome B antibody (SSB), and at the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein between the two groups. Most importantly, the pSS patients with ALD had a shorter disease course, a higher positive rate of anti-mitochondrial M2 antibody (AMA-M2) and anti-centromere antibody, a higher level of IgG and IgM, a lower level of complement 3, and a decreased number of blood cells. They also had a higher level of liver related serum index, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, a higher incidence rate of liver cirrhosis, an increased death incident (the mortality was 13.24% in the pSS patients with ALD, while 2.96% in the controls, P=0.013), and a worse prognosis. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that liver cirrhosis, the EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) scores and the level of total bilirubin were the prognostic factors of mortality in the pSS patients with ALD. The survival curve was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. It demonstrated that the pSS patients with ALD had a lower survival rate when compared with the controls. CONCLUSION The patients with both pSS and ALD will suffer from a more severe disease and a higher death incident. We should pay more attention to these patients and provide a better symptomatic treatment for them during clinical practice.
Hepatitis, Autoimmune/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sjogren's Syndrome/epidemiology*

AIM:To investigate whether Yiqi-Wenyang-Huoxue-Huatan formula ( YWHHF) attenuats brain injury induced by hypoxia-hypercapnia pulmonary hypertension ( HHPH) in the rats by inhibiting excessive endoplasmic re-ticulum stress response .METHODS:Healthy SPF male SD rats ( n=50 ) were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, hypoxia-hypercapnia group, low-dose YWHHF group, middle-dose YWHHF group and high-dose YWHHF group. The rats in control group lived in normal environment , while the rats in other 4 groups were raised for 4 weeks in oxygen tank with low oxygen concentration and high CO 2 concentration .YWHHF was perfused in the rats of low-, middle-and high-dose groups at 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 g/kg daily, respectively.The rats in hypoxia-hypercapnia group were given isomet-ric distilled water.The surgery was performed on the rats after 4 weeks, and the brain and lung tissues were quickly collect-ed to detect brain water content and observe the morphological changes after mean pulmonary artery pressure recording and heart perfusion .The caspase-3 activity and the apoptotic index of the brain cells were determined .The expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), caspase-12, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) at protein and mRNA levels in brain tissues was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.RESULTS:Compared with con-trol group, mean pulmonary artery pressure, brain water content, brain apoptotic index, caspase-3 activity, and the protein and mRNA levels of JNK, caspase-12, CHOP and GRP78 in the rest 4 groups were increased , and the brain and lung tis-sues had obvious damage under light microscope .Compared with hypoxia-hypercapnia group , mean pulmonary artery pres-sure, brain water content , brain apoptotic index , caspase-3 activity, and the protein and mRNA expression of JNK , caspase-12, CHOP and GRP78 in low-, middle-and high-dose YWHHF groups were decreased , and the pathological dam-age of the brain and lung tissues was obviously reduced under light microscope .These changes in middle-dose YWHHF group were the most significant .CONCLUSION:YWHHF effectively relieves the brain injury induced by HHPH in rats , which may be associated with inhibiting excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress response .